Articles

Aim: To compare the demographic and clinical profile of conventional retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity.Material and methods: A prospective, unmasked, and observational study involving 150 ROP patients was conducted over a period of one year. The risk factors including maternal and neonatal risk factors were recorded. The data was entered into the Excel sheet and analyzed to compare the risk factors between the conventional ROP and APROP.Results: A total of 17 (11.3%) babies were found to have AP-ROP and 133 (88.7%) babies were found to have conventional ROP. There was no significant difference in average gestational age between infants diagnosed with AP-ROP (29.6 ± 2.9 weeks) and those with Conventional ROP (30.1 ± 2.2 weeks) (p = 0.428). However, infants with AP-ROP had a significantly lower average birth weight (1022.7 ± 123.5 g) compared to infants with Conventional ROP (1208.2 ± 261.0 g) (p  = 0.004). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that birth weight, surfactant use, number of days of oxygen supplementation, and metabolic acidosis were independently associated with the development of AP-ROP.Conclusion: The development of APROP is multifactorial and complex. Although we have identified factors such as birth weight, surfactant use, number of days of oxygen supplementation, and metabolic acidosis in the causation of APROP, further long-term multicentric studies are required for validation.

Micronutrients are critical components of an athlete’s diet, affecting both performance and cardiovascular health. This review summarizes current studies on the importance of micronutrients in sports cardiology, focusing on their effects on energy metabolism, antioxidant defense, and cardiac function. Key findings emphasize the relevance of micronutrient sufficiency in improving athletic performance and avoiding long-term health issues linked to strenuous training programs. Micronutrients like B vitamins help energy generation pathways, while antioxidants like C and E reduce exercise-induced oxidative damage. Minerals like magnesium and iron are important for muscle function and oxygen delivery, which are required for endurance and recovery. Effective nutritional practices include balancing food intake and, if required, supplementing under medical supervision to address individual needs and enhance performance results. Future research paths will focus on individualized nutrition techniques based on genetic and metabolic profiles, allowing for more precise food recommendations for athletes. Collaboration between sports medicine and nutrition disciplines is critical for establishing evidence-based practices and improving cardiovascular health in athletes.

Introduction: Nutrition is increasingly recognized as a key component of optimal sports performance. On the other hand, insufficient and continuous food intake can compromise athletic performance and success where Nutritional Knowledge can play a leading role.Methods: One hundred and three youth athletes from 6 different clubs belonging to the District, Honor, and National Championship participated in this study. To assess Nutritional Knowledge, consumption of alcohol and tobacco the Abridged Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire was applied.Results: The percentage of Nutritional Knowledge obtained in the District Championship was 31.25%, in the Honors it was 35.56% and in the National Championship it was 35.02%. No significant differences were found between the Nutritional Knowledge of athletes. In turn, there were statistical differences in the consumption of alcohol and tobacco among the athletes of the 3 Championships, with the District division having the highest percentage of smokers (100%) and alcohol consumers (42.6%).Conclusion: It is essential to increase the Nutritional Knowledge observed in these young athletes since it can have an influential role in their food choices.

Inclusively new to econophysics studies, herewith proposed technoeconophysics as part of techno-economy, econophysics & sociophysics to interpret the description between probability and hypothesis found between fractal realms and econophysics of markets, physics markets, or stock markets any chaotic evidence [exergy destructive] could present if effective & efficient criterion doesn’t comply. A more precise iterative study ought to be held to configure how fractal dimension is involved in the techno-econophysics study of the Helium Nat Gas Project which is not integer, but also proofed numerically & analytically.

The World Drug Report highlights that the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma globally. This report estimates that HCV is responsible for the annual death of around 700,000 people due to liver disease and is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality with high health and socio-economic costs. This exploratory study aims to evaluate the socio-economic return provided by HCV treatment of individuals integrated into the MOP developed by the NGO Ares do Pinhal in Portugal. Using the SROI (Social Return on Investment) methodology is estimated that for every euro invested in this program, the return for society is 3,75€. This is a significantly positive SROI value, highlighting the importance of this investment in the creation of monetized value for society, as well as to provide greater well-being to those who need it and to society as a whole.

Water deficit is a fundamental factor in public health and economic growth. Water supply and population growth are directly linked to water demand. The physio-chemistry and microbiology analysis of water is utmost significance in dietary requirements. Drinking water has the main concern especially it affects food security. This study includes a number of representative sites where 24 water samples (from wells, reservoirs and tap water) were analysed. These sites are located in the western villages of Baalbeck, the main city of the Bekaa Plain in Lebanon where the analysed water is used mainly for domestic needs and for irrigation. This study  investigates the physiochemical and microbiological properties. Among the selected sites, Hawsh Barada site shows a strong contamination by nitrate. At the Nabi Rashaded (tap), Beit Shema and Bednayel (borehole and tap), contamination above the norm by zinc ion was noted. From a microbiological point of view, Hawsh barada, Nabi-Rashadeh, Hawsh-bay, and Beit shema are markedly polluted and do not meet the standard for drinking water. Hence, water quality in Hawsh barada, Nabi-Rashadeh, Hawsh-bay, Beit shema and Bednayel are not suitable for drinking, and this must be informed to decision makers who can act implementing environmental controls for health protection in the studied region.

Mesoscopic modeling of complex systems involves thermodynamic nonequilibrium of discrete scaling. Further from quantum correlation on a chip retrieved quantum nonlinear optics with single photons enabled by strongly interacting atoms. Accompanied by mesofractals as the development of meso & micro size fractal structures is required to mimic various biological systems for various functions. Showed through fluorapatite in gelatin‐based nanocomposite, fractal in DNA knots driven by balance of fission & fusion in mtDNA/mitochondrial DNA mechanism, for optical engines for light energy detection described the proportional integral derivative [PI(D)]‐controller set in microbial cells to HCCI/Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition.

Background: The impact of COVID-19 and long-term COVID-19 on gastrointestinal neoplasms remains underexplored. The current review investigates the potential link between these conditions and the role of gut microbiota in mediating oncogenic processes. Dysbiosis, characterized by alterations in gut microbial composition, may exacerbate inflammation and immune dysregulation, contributing to cancer development.Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, SciELO, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies published between 2020 and 2024 that explored the intersection of COVID-19, long-term COVID-19, and gastrointestinal cancers. The articles were critically appraised for quality and relevance, and data were synthesized to elucidate common mechanisms and outcomes.Results: The review identifies several mechanisms by which gut microbiota may influence cancer risk in COVID-19 patients. Persistent inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune dysfunction observed in Long COVID were associated with dysbiosis. Specific microbial metabolites, such as secondary bile and short-chain fatty acids, were implicated in promoting tumorigenesis. Comparative analysis of studies suggests that SARS-CoV-2-induced dysbiosis may heighten susceptibility to gastrointestinal cancers, particularly in patients with prolonged post-infection symptoms.Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for further research to clarify the role of gut microbiota in cancer development among COVID-19 patients. These mechanisms could inform preventative strategies and therapeutic interventions, particularly for those experiencing COVID. The review highlights gaps in current knowledge and advocates for longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effects of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal health.

In this study, we evaluated the assessed the hypoglycemiant, toxicogenetic and genotoxic effects of nanoencapsulate extracts of Bauhinia forficata Link. Phytochemical evaluations of extracts were carried out, as well as the evaluation using HPLC-MS and of antioxidant capacity in vitro. DM2 was induced in mice with streptozotocin and extracts were given orally for 28 days. That dried extract from infusion (ESIN) had a higher rate of bioactive compounds compared to the dried extract from decoction (ESDC), and higher antioxidant capacity. Glucose levels decreased from 77.26% to 57.79% and 45.15% after supplementation with ESIN (200 and 600 mg/kg/day) and ESDC (600 mg/kg/day), respectively, when compared to the diabetic group treated with metformin (600 mg/kg/day) (21.53%), with an improvement in the glycemic response e recovery of pancreatic β cells. Thus, our study has shown that these extracts exhibit hypoglycemiant activity, with a beneficial effect superior to metformin, as a result they could be considered as potential therapeutic agents for application in pharmaceutical formulations in the treatment of DM2.

In the last years, there has been an increase in the prescription of drugs in pediatry as a pharmaceutical form of oral suspension. The same is true in commerce there are various producers that provide specific ready-for-use excipients to make more easier to prepare OS in the galenic laboratory. The aim of this work is to verify the advantages of this pharmaceutical form to cover pediatric dosages vs. other forms and also to overcome shortcomings of some crucial registered drugs. In this work scientific literature is reported that also relates to some ready-for-use products as bases-vehicle for suspension and some formulations of interest.