Articles

Aim: To compare the vision related quality of life before and after prescription of refractive glasses in school-aged children. Design: A prospective, comparative, and hospital-based interventional study was conducted at the Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, PGIMS, Rohtak between May 2021-May 2022. It involved assessment of vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in 200 school-going children of the 5-16 age group, then comparing outcomes in children with URE versus those corrected with eyeglasses. Those with significantly low visual acuity (≤ 6/9) on Snellen’s were enrolled in the study after obtaining written informed consent from parents. The Modified SREEQ was used to assess VRQoL. Various parameters of comparison included age, gender, demography, education, and improvement in VRQoL within individual study groups over time. Comparison was done before and after using prescription refractive eyeglasses with a follow-up period of 3 months. Results: The correction amongst hypermetropes, 40 out of total 200 students (20%), correction among myopes (153 of 200 students), correction amongst students with astigmatism (7 out of 200 students) resulted in changing categories from mild/moderate/severe visual impairment to normal category of visual acuity i.e., 6/6 on immediate correction with refractive glasses prescribed to them post refraction. Students with astigmatism showed an improvement in symptoms like distorted images post-refractive correction at 3 months. Thus, proving a positive role of refractive eyeglasses in reducing the burden of refractive errors in our study population and improving the visual outcome. Conclusion: VRQoL was better in students after they got their refractive errors corrected with prescription eyeglasses at 3 months as compared to their QoL evaluated at their first visit to our centre with URE. This study focused on having a holistic approach towards improvement in QoL by taking into consideration the academic, psychological, cost-effectiveness aspects of VRQoL among students in the age group 5-16 years old.

This study explores the dynamics of social exclusion in healthcare settings within the rural Ganderbal district of Kashmir, focusing on the availability of health facilities and the health-seeking behaviors of socially disadvantaged populations. Through a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from interviews and qualitative insights from observation, the research reveals significant disparities in healthcare access between rural and urban areas. Key findings indicate that rural residents face exclusion due to a scarcity of hospitals, unavailability of 24-hour medical staff, inadequate infrastructure, staffing shortages, and systemic biases, compounded by environmental and occupational challenges. Communicable diseases predominate, with majority of respondents affected, and traditional healers and medical shops serve as primary care sources over formal institutions like government hospitals. Socio-economic factors, including low literacy, reliance on agriculture, and poverty, exacerbate these issues. The study highlights higher infant mortality and malnutrition rates in rural areas compared to urban centers, underscoring the need for attitudinal shifts among healthcare providers and systemic improvements in infrastructure and policy to enhance health equity. By addressing an underexplored gap in rural health research in India, this work aims to inform strategies for inclusive healthcare delivery, potentially yielding broader societal benefits through improved well-being and demographic dividends.

This study explores the effectiveness of Homeopathy in managing infectious diseases, focusing on its integration with nanoscience. The key objectives include assessing the role of homoeopathic treatments in reducing morbidity and mortality from various infections, such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, and mosquito-borne diseases, and examining the scientific mechanisms behind its therapeutic effects.Key findings from the study include evidence of nanoparticles in highly diluted homoeopathic solutions, suggesting that these remedies may retain measurable amounts of the original substances. This nanoparticulate perspective bridges traditional homoeopathic practices with modern nanomedicine. Historical evidence, such as Hahnemann’s work on scarlet fever and recent studies during the 2006 Chikungunya epidemic, supports the effectiveness of homoeopathic treatments, demonstrating improved recovery rates and reduced complications with integrated homoeopathic and allopathic approaches.The main conclusion of the study is that Homeopathy, particularly when combined with nanoscience, holds significant promise as a complementary approach in the management of infectious diseases. The presence of nanoparticles in homoeopathic remedies may explain their therapeutic effects, positioning Homeopathy as a valuable component of holistic healthcare strategies, especially in developing countries.

Bruxism, characterized by involuntary, repetitive jaw-muscle activity including clenching and grinding of teeth, can lead to significant dental and muscular complications. Conventional treatments—such as occlusal splints and behavioral therapy-may not fully address muscular hyperactivity. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), a neurotoxin that inhibits acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, has emerged as a promising therapeutic option. This article reviews clinical studies regarding the efficacy of BoNT-A injections into masticatory muscles for bruxism management, with a focus on clinical outcomes, safety, and practical considerations.

Our evaluation and its outcomes/outcomes/hints spotlight that gaining a (having to do with measuring matters with numbers) knowledge of the proteome company in living cells, and its outcomes/consequences/tips for the (introduction and production/ organization of objects) of condensates and MLOs, is a critical assignment that the section separation field wishes to face/address. Our findings that dosage-sensitive (tiny chemical meeting commands interior of living things), insufficient (tiny chemical meeting commands internal of living things) and homologs especially, are overrepresented amongst human LLPS drivers, spotlight furthermore the needed component of preserving the mobile (oversupply/huge quantity) of the (bearing on everyone or issue) DNA/RNA merchandise at a great degree well suited with tightly managed LLPS conduct, to keep away from extreme (diseases/the have a look at of diseases) that unexpected errors in any direction may also cause. In-depth close interest of the records on DNA/RNA concentrations used in the LLPS experiments assisting our excessive self-belief dataset of human driver DNA/RNA s laid the uncertainties related with defining the frame-shape-related meaningful ranges of this essential restriction/guiding principle that leads and controls condensate (introduction and production/ organization of items), and recommended how those uncertainties can be lessened (something awful) and (ultimately) shortened.Graphical abstract: Computational Simulation of Phase-Molecular Separation-DNA/RNA-Related Function Based on Gene Ontology Using Combination of Computational Fluid Dynamics, Machine Learning and Membrane Systems.

Forensic science can significantly enhance criminal investigation equity and accuracy. In India, though, forensic experts remain underutilized as case investigations are predominantly performed by law enforcement agencies. This article documents findings of a survey of 230 respondents half of them being forensic experts and other non-forensic respondents like law enforcers exhibiting a wide perceptual gap. While forensic experts emphasize the need for independent intervention so that objective outcomes would be achieved, police respondents strongly favor conventional investigation methods. Systemic barriers like training constraints, availability limitations, and formalization of processes also discourage effective integration of forensic science. The research highlights efforts at policy reform that accord forensic experts a more active role, thereby strengthening the credibility and objectivity of India’s justice system.

The examination and the survey of how a person moves, particularly the way of life of walking and running. It entails studying and quantifying a person's gait in terms of their stride length, cadence, foot position, and movement of various body joints. Wearable technology makes it possible to monitor the gait pattern continually while moving about freely. The direction line, gait line, foot line, foot angle, principle line, step length, step breadth, and displacement value obtained from the gyro and accelerated sensors coupled to the shank and thigh are all used to analyze the gait pattern. There has been a lot of research on this method of recognizing people by the way they walk.The two most crucial facts are that OpenPose, a 2D multi-person posture estimation library, can detect 135 critical body locations without the requirement for fiducial markers, and that smartphone cameras can detect the gait pattern without the use of physical markers. In addition, lower extremity sagittal joint angles, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and timings of gait events were independently determined for motion capture. Gait analysis systems use portable, readily available cameras to measure gait characteristics. The pace of gait, length of steps, time of steps, cadence of steps, and the period of stance are the most crucial factors. Recently, the top standard for the examination of gait was used to evaluate the schemes based on two camera usage to evaluate the framework of different gait patterns.The precision of the examination of SCA is being increased by data scientists through the development of AI-based computer algorithms. To increase individualization, Bertillon measured the body and faces of several convicts in 1883.

Background: Absence of nocturnal decrease in Blood Pressure (BP) (“non-dipping”) has been shown to be a strong and independent predictor of cardiovascular events, target organ damage, cardiovascular sequela and cardiovascular mortality. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) has been associated with non-dipping with an estimated prevalence of approximately 50%, but factors associated with non-dipping in OSA patients remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined clinically relevant variables associated with non-dipping in OSA.Methods: Patients (n = 35) undergoing overnight valuation for OSA, laboratory-based polysomnography, structured clinical interviews, and comprehensive metabolic and anthropometric evaluations, and ambulatory BP monitoring for 24 hours. Patients were classified into a) dipping BP group or b) non-dipping BP group, based on (a) a nocturnal systolic BP decrease of 10% - 20% or (b) a systolic BP decrease of < 10%. Results: Patients had moderate and severe OSA (AHI = 34.8 ± 29.1), and 42.9% demonstrated a non-dipping BP pattern. The severity of OSA measures did not differ between dipping group and non-dipping group. However, Wake after Sleep Onset (WASO) and chronicity of insomnia predicts non-dipping BP independent of demographics, sleep stages, anthropometrics, metabolic measures, or arterial stiffness. Conclusion: These findings contribute to a better understanding of the cardiovascular impacts of OSA and indicate that sleep quality should be incorporated into clinical assessments and management of OSA patients.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are common opportunistic diseases, primarily caused by Escherichia coli, which utilizes various virulence factors, including the hlyA gene encoding hemolysin. Phenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables, known for their antimicrobial properties, were examined for their effects on E. coli. This study involved 60 E. coli isolates from Aleppo University Hospital, identified via biochemical and molecular tests. The hemolytic ability was assessed phenotypically, and the hlyA gene was detected using PCR. The impact of pyrogallol and catechol on these isolates was also evaluated. Results showed a 54.6% isolation rate of E. coli, with a higher rate in females (71.7%) than males (28.3%). The 20-40 age group was most affected, comprising 38.4% of cases. Hemolytic activity was observed in 45% of isolates, and the hlyA gene was present in 41.6% of cases. Pyrogallol exhibited a bactericidal effect at high concentrations and mild growth at lower levels, while catechol showed no antibacterial effects. These experimental investigations were validated by docking those polyphenols to the hlyA predicted, validated 3D structure where pyrogallol exhibited stronger binding affinity than catechol (-5.2 vs. -4.8 kcal/mol). The study underscores the significance of the hlyA gene in E. coli virulence and highlights the potential antibacterial properties of phenolic compounds at specific concentrations.

Cancer has long been recognized as a complex, multifactorial disease, in which genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations drive unchecked proliferation, tissue invasion, and metastasis.