Articles

With the rapid shift to telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians have faced unprecedented demands in adapting to prolonged virtual consultations. This has given rise to “Zoom fatigue,” a form of mental and emotional exhaustion associated with extended video-based interactions. While the Zoom Exhaustion and Fatigue Scale (ZEFS) has been widely applied in studies involving students and office workers, there is limited research on its relevance to clinicians. Physicians, in particular, often conduct hours of uninterrupted virtual patient care, which can potentially lead to significant neurocognitive strain. This study explores the impact of prolonged virtual consultations on clinician well-being, employing ZEFS alongside the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) to assess emotional and cognitive outcomes. Findings suggest that the increased cognitive load, reduced non-verbal communication, and digital interface stress contribute to higher levels of fatigue, anxiety, and dissatisfaction, highlighting the urgent need for systemic support and ergonomic telehealth practices.

Excipients are fundamental components of galenic formulations, critically influencing the safety and efficacy of the final medicinal product. This is of paramount importance in neonatal and pediatric populations, where physiological immaturity results in significant differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics compared to adults. This work provides a comprehensive overview of excipients and vehicles used in galenic preparations for these vulnerable groups. It highlights specific excipients known to be dangerous, detailing their mechanisms of toxicity, and suggests safer alternatives. The discussion covers formulations for oral solutions, suspensions, and topical dermatological use, including ready-to-use vehicles. The role of the prescribing physician and the verifying pharmacist is emphasized, underscoring the necessity of checking for efficacy, safety, incompatibilities, and microbiological compatibility. The results of a practical five-year local experience with an observational analysis are provided.Furthermore, innovative technologies such as 3D printing for pediatric dosage forms are discussed. The conclusion asserts that a rigorous, risk-based assessment of excipients is essential in neonatal and pediatric galenic practice to ensure patient safety.

Fungus is a gathering of eukaryotic life forms that include microorganisms. As of late, the fungus has assumed a part in criminological science and has been utilized in criminal examination as a source of information. As organisms show both sexual and agamic reproduction in their life cycle, they are utilized as a scattering specialist. The investigation of growths is called mycology. Legal mycology is the part of science that portrays the types of growth. Utilizing the limit of the study of fungus distinguishing proof, which step by step opens its place as a device to recognizing tests and investigations in mycology, showed that certain chemoecological gatherings of organisms can go about as over the ground grave markers, in contrast to plants. Organisms can likewise develop on, for instance, stone, block, tiles, wood, and so on. The principal agent tracked down the primary key of contagious gathering in determining the time of body passing. The scientific mycology structures the contagious local area, they give the date after death and post entombment spans. The microbial clock has been created utilizing society-free high-throughput sequencing in a model framework. The extension to issues worried about common examination where there are clinical ramifications. Organisms were cultured from the mucosal swabs, skin scratching, hair, and lung biopsies. The organisms exist in numerous climates. The parasitic spores are created in huge amounts and spread without any problem. Which can frequently track down the person in question. (Garments, hair, or skin). As a follow-up, proof is searched for, and shape spores are tracked down in paleontological readiness. Spores are utilized for ordered qualities and the identification of species-level. The environmental and palynological data showed proof of a connection between the suspect and where the body was kept. During the examination of the parasite, we can recognize the reason for death, the season of death, find a covered carcass, and so on. As per the going timeframe, specific growth shows specific qualities at specific climate.

Introduction: Forensic odontology is a specialized field at the crossroads of dentistry and law, focusing on the analysis of dental evidence in legal investigations. Due to their resistance to decay and environmental degradation, teeth serve as a vital resource in age estimation and gender determination. Various techniques, including microscopic examination of the incremental lines in enamel and cementum, neonatal lines, and dentin translucency, are commonly employed for forensic analysis. To enhance the accuracy and ease of examination, there is an increasing demand for high-quality, non-demineralized tooth sections that are durable, easy to handle, and maintain uniform thickness. Aims and objectives: 1. Evaluate the effectiveness of the Rosin stain in identifying incremental lines in hard dental tissues. 2. Compare Rosin stain with Haematoxylin and Eosin stain as well as with unstained sections. Materials and methods: Sixty sound teeth were included in the study. Thin longitudinal sections of 2 mm were prepared using a diamond disc, and ground sections of 25 µm were prepared on Arkansas stone. The sections were divided into three groups: (A) sections stained with Rosin, (B) sections stained with H&E, and (C) unstained sections. The longitudinal ground sections were examined under both the Light Microscope and the Phase Contrast Microscope. The Microstructures of the teeth, such as incremental lines of enamel, dentin, and cementum, were assessed.Result  and conclusion: Rosin-stained ground sections observed under phase contrast microscopy provided better visualisation of dental microstructures than unstained or H&E-stained ground sections, suggesting Rosin enhances the identification of incremental lines in forensic dental analysis.

Acute osteomyelitis (AOM) is defined as an inflammation of the bone secondary to infection. Among the most common complications of AOM is the development of a periosteal abscess and the extension of the focus locally to muscle (pyomyositis) and/or joint (osteoarthritis). However, complications with much lower incidence have been described, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and septic pulmonary embolisms (SPE), mainly associated with S. aureus infections. The AOM + DVT + ESP triad is a fairly uncommon entity in the pediatric population; however, if it is not diagnosed and treated in time, it implies a high morbidity and mortality. Treatment, which must be early and aggressive, includes targeted antibiotic therapy, anticoagulation, and focused control surgery. In this article, we describe the case of a 14-year-old boy with disseminated staphylococcal infection associated with the triad AOM+ DVT + SPE.

Recent forensic studies, including investigations into the relationship between palmar “lifeline” length and mortality, highlight both the biological reality of palm creases and the limitations of associating them directly with lifespan. Palmar creases are anatomical structures formed between the 12th and 17th weeks of gestation, present at birth, and evolving in visibility across the lifespan [1-3]. Building on this foundation, this paper introduces a temporal forecasting framework that interprets palm crease geometry as a structured map of personal life transitions.Unlike traditional palmistry or simple crease-length studies, this model produces month–year markers divided into six-month periods beginning at age 5, identifying windows of highest probability (Yog) for major transitions such as relational changes, career shifts, or health events. Accuracy increases when temporal markers align across multiple creases, supporting probabilistic inference of event domains.The model has been refined over 40 years of application with thousands of individuals, incorporating both retrospective validation and prospective feedback. This long-term iterative process provides an unusually strict validation regime rarely observed in unconventional forecasting frameworks. While bounded in scope, its reproducibility, falsifiability, and temporal granularity make it a promising subject for forensic inquiry. Beyond forensic applications, the model provides a structured way of engaging with unbounded human problems — contextual life transitions that resist deterministic prediction yet display measurable temporal regularities. Unlike DNA-based or survey-based models, which often require invasive sampling or detailed personal information, this framework is non-invasive, requires only palm photographs and month–year of birth, and can forecast both past and future major life transitions (changes) of any individual without additional inputs.

Background: Stature is a key biological characteristic for identifying individuals, particularly in forensic investigations. While long bones are traditionally used for stature estimation due to their strong correlation with height, craniofacial structures offer an alternative in cases where only partial remains are available, given their durability and relative preservation.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between craniofacial anthropometric parameters and stature, and to assess their usefulness for stature estimation in the Indian population.Methods: Twelve craniofacial parameters were measured and analyzed using regression analysis, the preferred statistical method for estimating stature from skeletal dimensions. The study focused on assessing the strength of correlation between these craniofacial measurements and actual stature.Results: All twelve craniofacial parameters demonstrated a positive correlation with stature, indicating their potential utility in forensic contexts where only craniofacial remains are present. Although long bones remain the gold standard, these findings provide support for the supplementary use of craniofacial data.Conclusion: Craniofacial anthropometry can serve as a reliable method for estimating stature, especially in scenarios where long bones are unavailable. This study contributes valuable data to the limited literature on this topic in the Indian population and aligns with existing global research supporting the role of craniofacial structures in forensic identification.

West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne pathogen belonging to the Flavivirus genus (family Flaviviridae), is primarily responsible for West Nile fever. In rare cases (< 1% of infections), it can lead to West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND), which carries an approximate fatality rate of 10%. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess WNV exposure among residents of Gezira State, Sudan, from 2019 to 2022. A total of 400 participants were included, with 5 mL of blood collected from each—2 mL in an EDTA tube and 3 mL in a plain container. Plasma and serum were separated via centrifugation, and WNV-specific IgG and IgM antibodies were detected using ELISA. The results revealed that 62.25% (249 cases) tested positive for WNV-IgG antibodies, while 37.75% (151 cases) were negative. None of the samples showed detectable WNV-IgM antibodies. Statistical analysis indicated no significant association between WNV-IgG seropositivity and age or gender (p = 0.060 and p = 0.117, respectively). However, significant correlations were observed with marital status and education level (p < 0.05). The study highlights the need for ongoing surveillance of WNV and other vector-borne diseases in the region to identify active West Nile Virus infections. Public health efforts should prioritize mosquito control measures, community education, and awareness campaigns about WNV symptoms and prevention.

This study comparatively evaluated the analytical performance of the Erba H7100 hematology analyzer against the Siemens Advia 2120i and Beckman Coulter DXH 900, using 243 patient samples. The study assessed the agreement and linear relationship across 14 key hematological parameters in whole blood, employing statistical methods that included mean bias, standard deviation of the difference, Pearson’s correlation, and coefficient of determination. Additionally, reticulocyte counts were analyzed in 27 samples for Erba H7100 vs. Advia 2120i and 53 samples for Erba H7100 vs. DXH 900, revealing exceptional agreement with high Pearson’s r and r-squared values. The performance of the Erba H7100 and DXH 900 in analyzing ascitic, cerebrospinal, and bronchial wash fluids was also evaluated. Notably, the Advia 2120i analyzer exhibited discrepancies in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and monocyte counts (Mon#). Conversely, the Erba H7100 showed better agreement with the DXH 900 for MCV and Mon# in whole blood. In fluid samples, Erba H7100 and DXH 900 demonstrated a strong correlation with Microscopy in determining Neutrophil % and Lymphocyte % values. Strong linear correlations were observed for most parameters in whole blood, with reticulocyte counts showing near-perfect correlation. This study underscores the importance of rigorous validation and potential platform-specific reference intervals to ensure accurate and reliable hematological testing, emphasizing the need for standardized methodologies in clinical laboratories.

This study comparatively evaluated the analytical performance of the Erba H7100 hematology analyzer against the Siemens Advia 2120i and Beckman Coulter DXH 900, using 243 patient samples. The study assessed the agreement and linear relationship across 14 key hematological parameters in whole blood, employing statistical methods that included mean bias, standard deviation of the difference, Pearson’s correlation, and coefficient of determination. Additionally, reticulocyte counts were analyzed in 27 samples for Erba H7100 vs. Advia 2120i and 53 samples for Erba H7100 vs. DXH 900, revealing exceptional agreement with high Pearson’s r and r-squared values. The performance of the Erba H7100 and DXH 900 in analyzing ascitic, cerebrospinal, and bronchial wash fluids was also evaluated. Notably, the Advia 2120i analyzer exhibited discrepancies in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and monocyte counts (Mon#). Conversely, the Erba H7100 showed better agreement with the DXH 900 for MCV and Mon# in whole blood. In fluid samples, Erba H7100 and DXH 900 demonstrated a strong correlation with Microscopy in determining Neutrophil % and Lymphocyte % values. Strong linear correlations were observed for most parameters in whole blood, with reticulocyte counts showing near-perfect correlation. This study underscores the importance of rigorous validation and potential platform-specific reference intervals to ensure accurate and reliable hematological testing, emphasizing the need for standardized methodologies in clinical laboratories.