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In recent years, studies on the utility of essential oils and their components in the preservation of food commodities in order to enhance shelf-life has been successfully carried out. These essential oils and their components (Carvacrol, Eugenol and Cinnamaldehyde) can be used as antimicrobials and food preservative agents; however, their use raises concerns because of several reported side effects of synthetic oils. Due to their antimicrobial potential, essential oil constituents could be used as food preservatives for grains, cereals, vegetables and fruits. The aim of the treatments was carried out on the treated cotton packaging to maximize the benefit from its antimicrobial activity to extend grain Storage periods. The cotton fabrics treated in three steps: Carboxymethylation of cotton fabric (CMC) Cationization of cotton fabric 3-Treatment of the fabrics by reactive-cyclodextrine (RCD). Modified and unmodified cotton fabrics were treated with antibacterial agent by dipping them at room temperature for 2 hours under stirring in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution containing 200, 250, 250 ppm of Eugenol, carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde respectively the samples were then roll-squeezed at pick up 100% and dried at room temperature. All treated and untreated fabrics were subjected to antimicrobial tests. Cotton fabric composites treated with cinnamaldehyde had the highest impact on reducing microbial preparation during storage period followed by cotton fabric composite treated by Carvacrol followed by cotton fabric composite treated by Eugenol which is less impactful to reduce microbial count during the storage period.

Extramedullary involvement, also known as Extramedullary Disease (EMD), represents a highly aggressive variant of plasma cell dyscrasias. It is characterised by the presence of plasma cell clones that proliferate independently of the bone marrow microenvironment. While EMD most commonly affects the skin and soft tissues, in cases of disease relapse, it may extend to internal organs, including the liver, kidneys, central nervous system, chest wall, pleura, and pericardium.The reported incidence of EMD varies. A comprehensive review of the literature indicates that in newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients, the incidence ranges from 0.5% to 4.5%. However, in relapsed or refractory MM, the incidence increases markedly, reaching between 3.4% and 14%. Prognosis remains poor, particularly when the paravertebral region is involved, as this often leads to vertebral body fractures that complicate treatment and worsen outcomes.Current data on therapeutic responses are primarily based on retrospective studies. Therefore, prospective trials are needed to more accurately assess the efficacy of various treatment regimens. This study presents a cohort of patients with paravertebral plasma cell tumours, with a specific focus on tumour location, associated vertebral fractures, available treatment strategies, and clinical responses following induction therapy.

Background and aims: Iron deficiency is one of the most important health issues in adolescents, especially girls. Today, empowerment is considered an effective program to change behavior in chronic disease control. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the family-centered empowerment model on the empowerment indicators of student girls with iron deficiency anemia and their mothers.Methods: This is a two-group semi-experimental study conducted on 60 student girls along with their mothers, who were selected by a two-stage cluster random sampling method. Data was collected using a demographic information questionnaire and an adolescent and mother empowerment questionnaire. The intervention based on the family-centered empowerment model was implemented for the test group, and after 1.5 months, data from both groups were collected and analyzed with chi-square, independent t, and paired t-tests.Results: The results of the independent t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the student girls in the test and control groups after the intervention in terms of empowerment indicators (p < 0.05). The results of the independent t-test showed that there was a significant difference between the mothers in the test and control groups after the intervention in terms of ability indicators (p < 0.05), while before the intervention, this difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the implementation of the family-centered empowerment model not only increased the empowerment indicators of student girls with iron deficiency anemia but also had an effect on the empowerment of their mothers.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) affects approximately 10% - 30% of the global population and represents a significant healthcare burden. The condition involves complex inflammatory pathways where oxidative stress plays a crucial role, with malondialdehyde serving as a key biomarker of cellular damage. Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, demonstrates promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may benefit allergic rhinitis management.Methods: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, SagePub, and Semantic Scholar) were searched for studies published between 2000 and 2024. The PICO framework guided study selection, focusing on quercetin intervention in allergic rhinitis models. Both preclinical and clinical studies measuring malondialdehyde levels or clinical symptom improvement were included.Results: Eighteen studies met our inclusion criteria, comprising 14 animal studies and four human clinical trials. Preclinical evidence consistently demonstrated quercetin’s ability to reduce malondialdehyde levels across various tissues, including serum, lung, and liver samples. Human studies showed superior symptom improvement when quercetin-containing supplements were added to standard therapy compared to conventional treatment alone.The primary mechanism involves nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway activation, enhancing endogenous antioxidant enzyme production.Conclusion: Current evidence supports quercetin’s effectiveness in reducing oxidative stress and improving clinical outcomes in allergic rhinitis through dual antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. While most evidence derives from animal studies, quercetin Shows promise as safe adjuvant therapy. Large-scale human clinical trials using high- high-bioavailability formulations are needed to establish standardized clinical protocols.Key messages:•    Quercetin consistently reduces oxidative stress markers in allergic rhinitis models.•    Clinical symptoms improve significantly when quercetin supplements are added to standard therapy.•    The therapeutic mechanism involves both direct antioxidant activity and endogenous defense system enhancement.•    High-quality human clinical trials are needed to establish definitive treatment guidelines.

Based on relevant dietary guidelines, this project developed a Low-GI Rice Bread using high resistant starch rice (RS = 7.12%, GI = 63.24) as the main raw material. Ancient stone grinding was adopted for raw material processing to reduce nutrient loss and GI. Through the complementary combination of egg protein, plant protein, and milk protein, the product’s protein content of 25.7% meets the standard for claiming high protein in products. Its GI is 47, belonging to low-GI food. It is convenient to carry and eat, with balanced nutrition, responding to the national diet call, and helping reduce medical burdens.

Pharmacovigilance is concerned with the adverse effects of the authorized drugs after use, hence if the adverse effects are harmful and deteriorate other organs or tissues of the patient. These adverse effects were reported by the patients, pharmacists, nurses, clinicians, and physicians. Some examples which withdrawal from the markets according to the pharmacovigilance: astemizole, cisapride, terfenadine, and rofecoxib, which revealed many adverse effects leading to their withdrawal these drugs from the markets.Aim of the research: The knowledge around pharmacovigilance and improving the side effects of drugs which present in the market, the results of this improvement led us to obtain new drugs without serious side effects. We conclude that the market drugs improved from the older drugs, have side effects will are suitable to the usage by patients.

Endoscopic procedures in patients with comorbidities such as Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), respiratory compromise, or anticipated difficult airways present considerable anaesthetic challenges. Intubation and positive pressure ventilation, although standard, can be detrimental in such patients due to risks of sympathetic stimulation, barotrauma, or prolonged recovery. Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) is gaining attention as a method to maintain oxygenation without intubation. We share our clinical experience using THRIVE during upper endoscopic procedures to avoid intubation in 10 high-risk patients, demonstrating its feasibility, safety, and clinical benefits.

Introduction and background: Hydatid disease (HD) is a parasitic infection caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus. It is endemic in regions with widespread livestock farming and close human-animal contact. Although the liver and lungs are the most frequently involved organs, rare cases of primary subcutaneous hydatid cysts have been reported, especially in the absence of visceral involvement. Gluteal localization is extremely rare and may be misdiagnosed due to its nonspecific presentation.Case presentation: We report the case of a 25-year-old woman who presented with a gradually enlarging, painless swelling over the lateral aspect of her right buttock, noted over five months. There were no systemic symptoms, and she had no history of trauma or prior medical conditions. Physical examination revealed a well-circumscribed, fluctuating, non-mobile mass measuring 5 × 4 cm with no overlying skin changes. Laboratory results were within normal limits. Ultrasound imaging revealed multiple well-defined cystic lesions in the subcutaneous tissue. Chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasound excluded hepatic or pulmonary hydatidosis. A diagnosis of primary subcutaneous hydatid cyst was made. The patient underwent pericystectomy under spinal anesthesia. Intraoperatively, typical hydatid features were noted, and the cyst cavity was thoroughly irrigated with hypertonic saline. Postoperatively, Albendazole therapy (400 mg twice daily) was administered for three months. There were no signs of recurrence during 6 months of follow-up.Discussion: Primary soft tissue hydatid cysts are rare and can mimic benign soft tissue tumors or abscesses. In endemic regions, such lesions should be carefully evaluated using imaging and clinical suspicion. The diagnosis is typically made through imaging, and definitive treatment includes surgical excision with careful handling to prevent dissemination, accompanied by pre- and postoperative anthelmintic therapy to minimize recurrence.Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering hydatid disease in the differential diagnosis of gluteal masses, especially in endemic areas. Prompt diagnosis and combined surgical and pharmacologic therapy can lead to excellent outcomes without recurrence.

The most prevalent monogenic blood illness is sickle cell disease (SCD), which affects millions of people globally and around 100,000 Americans.

As time goes on, more and more people are using drugs in dangerous ways. This rising percentage of people abusing drugs is leading to an increase in violent behaviors connected to them. The present article will summarize and present cases of mass violence caused by drugs, displaying the harm they may cause if not regulated properly. A literature search of JSTOR, AJPH, IJERPH, Journal of Addictive Reviews, Journal of Addiction Research and Therapy, Google Scholar, CDC, CNN, New York Times, Detroit News, and ABC News was conducted from February 16, 2023, to November 03, 2024. In 2016, 56.2 million people died worldwide. There are an estimated 10,000 people who are killed each year in the United States as a direct result of drugs. Worldwide, 70 million people were diagnosed with a drug use disorder. In the global general population, 0.3%-0.6% of people are diagnosed with this disorder. 10%-69% of people in prison are diagnosed as well. From 1995 to 2000, 41% of violent crimes committed against college students and 38% of violent crimes committed against non-students were committed by an offender thought to be on drugs. Drugs have a clear connection to mass violence, and further regulation is needed for the benefit of public health and safety.