Articles

This case report describes a 7-year-old male with gait impairment, frequent falls, and gross motor regression since age 4, despite normal early developmental milestones. Clinical findings included scissoring gait, bilateral lower limb hypotonia, proximal weakness, dystonic right-hand movements, and upgoing plantar reflexes, with normal neuroimaging. Differential diagnoses included cerebral palsy, hereditary spastic paraplegia, dopa-responsive dystonia, and proximal myopathy. Physiotherapy interventions focused on balance, strengthening, gait re-education, and functional independence. After a structured program (45 minutes per session, 5 days/week for 12 weeks), the child demonstrated measurable improvements in GMFM (71.78%), functional independence (FIM: 88), and gait stability, with reduced falls and improved ADL participation. This case highlights diagnostic challenges in pediatric motor disorders and underscores the essential role of physiotherapy in optimizing function despite diagnostic uncertainty.

The misuse of topical corticosteroids for skin whitening has grown to be a serious public health issue, notably in South Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Easy over-the-counter availability, social pressures, and strong cosmetic marketing have all contributed to its widespread use, commonly without medical supervision. This practice has been linked to a number of dermatological problems, including skin atrophy, pigmentary diseases, tinea incognito, and an alarming increase in antifungal resistance to first-line medications like terbinafine. This article examines the incidence of overuse, the underlying pathophysiology, and the dermatological and psychosocial repercussions. Prescription control, improved medical and pharmacy curriculum, digital literacy programs, and appropriate telemedicine utilization are all necessary for effective interventions. Steroid abuse is more than just a cosmetic issue; it is a developing dermatological and antimicrobial resistance hazard that requires immediate, concerted action.

Background: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols are comprehensive, interdisciplinary frameworks aimed at minimizing surgical stress, standardizing perioperative care, and expediting recovery. Perianesthesia nurses, who operate in preoperative assessment units and post-anesthesia care units (PACU), play a vital role in ensuring the integrity of ERAS implementation. Objectives: To compile and analyze current evidence regarding the impact of perianesthesia nursing care on surgical outcomes pre- and post-anesthesia, and to compare outcomes of ERAS with traditional care practices. Methods: A narrative review of ERAS guidelines along with recent meta-analyses and clinical trials (2016–2025) focusing on nursing-sensitive processes (such as patient education, anxiety management, adherence to PONV prophylaxis, multimodal pain management, early mobilization, and readiness for discharge) as well as outcomes (including length of hospital stay, complications, readmission rates, and time to PACU discharge). Results: Meta-analyses across different specialties indicate that the adoption of ERAS correlates with reduced hospital stays and a decrease in complications without an increase in readmission rates or mortality. Processes led by perianesthesia nurses—including the education of patients and setting their expectations, adherence to carbohydrate loading and fasting guidelines, maintenance of normothermia, PONV prophylaxis based on risk assessment, opioid-sparing pain management, protocols for the removal of urinary catheters/lines, and encouragement of early oral intake and ambulation—contribute to these positive outcomes. Research also reveals that ERAS programs facilitate quicker fulfillment of discharge criteria in the PACU. Conclusion: Perianesthesia nurses implement ERAS protocols at the bedside, effectively converting these guidelines into dependable practices that enhance recovery milestones and diminish complications. Ongoing benefits are contingent upon systematic documentation, effective interprofessional communication, and continuous performance audit and feedback.

One of the most important and critical red blood cell disorders is dysfunction and deformation of the membrane structure, which affects the metabolic and biological red blood cell functions. On the other hand, the basic causes of these problems are the genetic mutations in the production of proteins that correlate to the structure and receptors of cells. The diagnosis methods and techniques are the other essential points that focus most scientists on. In this systematic review, the article pointed to the key title, which is the diagnosis of novel genes with different techniques and methods. The result of articles studies that were published in the last decades underlined the types of techniques such as Whole-Exome Sequencing, Quantitative Real-Time PCR, Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing, and Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel, which investigated the different membraned gene mutations that are novel and correlated to the genes that make the structures and functions of red blood cells such as hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, hereditary pyro poikilocytosis. In addition, the hereditary membrane disorders correlated to others, such as hereditary spherocytosis, have a relationship with vitamin B12, immunodeficiency.

The resistance to anthelmintics in poultry farming and the challenges with the restricted use of drugs in organic farms make the use of biological controllers an innovative bridge to verminosis control. This paper aims to evaluate the efficacy of the larvicidal fungus Duddingtonia flagrans and the ovicidal fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia in Hy-line Brown (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) layer farms. Both fungi were combined in the core of the feed administered to the birds of the treated groups. 28,000 birds were used and divided into three treated groups (TG) in which the feed containing the fungus was administered. The poultry house itself manufactures the birds’ feed; the formula was included in the nucleus at a dose of 100 grams per ton of feed for 7 months. The concentration was 105 chlamydospores of P. chlamydosporia and D. flagrans per gram of the formulation. The control group (CG) received regular food from the farm. The birds were separated into four sheds with 7,000 birds in each. The egg per gram of feces (EPG) testing was performed using fresh fecal samples collected from the sheds over six months. Weather data was collected during the experiment. There was a reduction in the EPG count into three treated groups. The most prevalent helminth was the genus Ascaris. The formulation tested shows little efficacy in this dosage. Key points:•    The use of the fungus P. chlamydosporia and D. flagrans in organic farms;•    Use of biocontrol agents without chemicals in poultry;

Deaths can result from deliberate self-harm (DSH), accidents, natural causes, homicides, or remain unidentified, causing prolonged distress for the deceased’s family and challenges for authorities. Suicide, a significant public health concern, exemplifies self-destructive behavior often unnoticed or partially noticed. Psychological Autopsy (PA) is highly needed in India due to the significant suicide rate and the complex factors contributing to it. Various nations, including the USA, UK, Canada and Australia, have already recognized psychological autopsy as crucial evidence in court. Although PAs are performed in India, their legal acceptability remains debated. It helps in giving a lesser clouded vision of the victim profile and at times even facilitates the specific definition of the cause of death. Studies reveal that about 90% of those who commit suicide suffer from one or more mental disorders, with depression most common; hence, this finding has been beneficial in identification and treatment of such cases at earliest so as to prevent suicide. Recommendations for the future development of this method include embracing modern communication methods and ‘invisible informants’, cultural intersections, safeguarding of reliability and validity, and the use of feasibility trials. The emphasis remains on collating the raw narratives at the core of these interviews, which make the psychological autopsy such a unique and perceptive tool.

Chimerism is a biological condition in which a single individual harbors two or more genetically distinct cell populations originating from different zygotes. This phenomenon may occur naturally due to errors during fertilization or early embryonic development, or it may arise artificially following medical interventions such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or in vitro fertilization (IVF). Chimerism is broadly categorized as natural or artificial, and its presence presents significant challenges in both clinical and forensic contexts. In transplant recipients, the coexistence of donor- and host-derived cells can generate misleading genetic test results and complicate post-transplant monitoring. In forensic investigations, individuals with mixed DNA profiles may be difficult to identify accurately, as standard genetic fingerprinting technologies can yield inconclusive or erroneous findings. These complications underscore the necessity of reliable detection methods capable of identifying and differentiating chimeric cell populations. This review consolidates current knowledge regarding the classification of chimerism and the available diagnostic techniques, emphasizing that improved understanding of this condition is essential for enhancing diagnostic precision, optimizing forensic identification, and minimizing the risk of misinterpretation that may adversely affect medical decisions and legal determinations.

This study proposes a new type of flange-widened bone-type semi-rigid frame node, and takes a 4-story frame as an example, uses the finite element software Abaqus  to analyze its seismic performance  under different seismic waves, and compares it with the traditional rigid connection frame. The results show that the stiffness of the new node frame is slightly lower than that of the tradition rigid node frame, which reduces the horizontal displacement of each layer under the action of earthquake, optimizes the deformation capacity, and enhances the force performance and ductility, the maximun value of the base shear force is lower than that of the traditional rigid frame, which can effectively disperse and dissipate the seismic energy andimprove the overall stabitity of the structure; the elastic-plastic interlayer displacement angle is less than 1/50 under rare earthquakes, which meets the requirements of the specification and can achieve the goal of “no collapse in a large earthquake”. In addition, the node can effectively improve the safety and reliability  of the structure in actual engineering.

The 2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of arterial hypertension introduces important updates compared with the 2017 version. Given the global impact of hypertension as a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and the coexistence of multiple international and national recommendations, the Mexican Expert Group on Arterial Hypertension (GREHTA) conducted a structured review and comparative analysis. We contrasted the 2025 AHA/ACC recommendations with those of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH 2023), the European Society of Cardiology (ESC 2024), the Latin American Society of Hypertension (LASH 2024), and the National Medical Care Protocol of Mexico (PRONAM 2025). Our goal is to provide clinicians with a clear, evidence-based synthesis to guide practical decision-making. Key topics include definitions and thresholds, diagnostic methods, cardiovascular risk stratification, therapeutic strategies, special populations, and resistant hypertension. GREHTA emphasizes a pragmatic, regionally adapted approach, highlighting early combination therapy, risk factor integration, and systematic follow-up.

The research was conducted in southern Serbia, at an altitude of 600 meters, in a beech stand, on a dwarf albino specimen furher usually called Absiente pigmente fagus or just Absiente pigmente. Soil sampling and analysis were carried out at depths of 0-10 cm, 11-20 cm, and 21-30 cm. Laboratory tests included determination of the textural composition of the soil, total humus content, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and potassium, the sum of absorbed base cations, determination of hydrolytic acidity, and both active and substitutional acidity. The soil was found to have a sandy textural composition, with a strong to very strong acidic reaction and a low degree of saturation with base cations. It was further determined to be highly humic, well-supplied with total nitrogen and plant-available potassium, but poorly supplied with phosphorus. Chemical composition analyses of the leaves were simultaneously conducted on both pigmented and non-pigmented leaves. The composition of 15 macro and microelements was examined. The results showed that their concentration in albino leaves was 30% - 50% higher, except in the case of Se. The presence of heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, and nickel was significantly higher in the non-pigmented beech tissue compared to the green tissue (38.56% for Cd, 22.97% for Cr, and 44.89% for Ni). The research was conducted for the purpose of heavy metal extraction from the soil and green restoration, and it shall continue to this end.