Cytotoxic Effects of Aminotriles with Bioactive Potential: An Integrative Review
Published on: 9th May, 2023
Aminonitriles are pharmacological-interest bioactive due to their promising antimicrobial and antitumor activity. Since cytotoxicity tests are inherent to the new drug development process, this work aimed to verify reports in the scientific literature on the cytotoxic effects of aminonitriles. The method adopted was an integrative review of works published in the last 10 years in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases. Three articles that matched the selection and eligibility criteria were included in this review. A total of 33 aminonitriles were used in the cytotoxicity experiments, and of the nine molecules based on pyridine, two exerted moderate cytotoxic activity, of the twelve synthesized from benzimidazole, none showed cytotoxic activity, and of the twelve derived from renieramycins, all showed considerable cytotoxic activities. The studies used in this research evaluated the cytotoxic effects of aminonitriles with evident anticancer and antimicrobial activity. The importance of evaluating the cytotoxicity of aminonitriles is emphasized, as well as the need for investigative research that explores other evaluation methods in pre-clinical tests that may corroborate the existing findings, with a view to the development of therapies against emerging health problems.
Clinical characteristics of patients with respiratory disease and probable COVID-19 at the General Hospital Zacatecas Mexico
Published on: 4th May, 2023
Introduction: The spread of SARS-CoV-2 cases grew exponentially. In Mexico, it focused mainly on containing the disease and adopting activities and actions to mitigate it. Hospital reconversion was a fundamental strategy in the management of care for patients with COVID-19.Objective: To know the clinical characteristics of patients admitted with respiratory disease and probable COVID-19 in the Zacatecas General Hospital “Luz González Cosío” México.Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical study, at the General Hospital, from March 2019 to September 2021; using data from the Respiratory Disease Surveillance System. Data from patients admitted with a diagnosis of some pathology of respiratory disease and probable COVID-19 were analyzed.Results: We included 2,678 diagnosed with respiratory disease and a mean age; of 47.6 ± 21.6 gender distribution was almost equal; women 1,344 (51.0%). positive result to COVID-19 by PCR; 1,654 negatives; 900 and 124 without result. 193 (7.0%) required mechanical ventilation. The presence of comorbidities was evaluated; type 2 diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, obesity, alone and together. Also the association of the age factor, as well as the lethality index; was 531 (19.6%).Discussion: What has been published in other studies about comorbidities and their influence on the severity of COVID-19 is confirmed, disagreeing on the case fatality rate; 20.7% against what was reported; 17.6% in other countries for COVID-19 hospitalized. An age variable was used as a risk factor with a cut-off point > 45 years; (FRE), obtaining; RR 3.42 (95% CI 2.79 to 4.19) and an odds ratio of 4.015 in binary logistic regression analysis. Reported male mortality (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.41–1.51) according to our OR results; 1,45.Conclusion: The present study shows how certain chronic diseases influenced respiratory disease to present a serious state, regardless of the positive or negative result of COVID-19.
Results of a prospective strategy for focused Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy (MIP)
Published on: 3rd May, 2023
Neck exploration for primary HPT is the standard operation in which 4 parathyroid glands are identified and one abnormal parathyroid gland is removed. This is recommended for all patients with primary HPT. We hypothesized that most patients with primary HPT have a single abnormal parathyroid gland (adenoma) and parathyroid imaging studies will identify it and support a focused minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP). This can be combined with ioPTH monitoring making bilateral exploration unnecessary. This paper reports a 93.4% success rate in 249 consecutive prospective patients with primary HPT over a 15-year period with a short operating time and few complications. The findings suggest that this alternate surgical MIP approach should be the procedure of choice for HPT patients.
Patient’s perception of the benefits of long-term opioids: Reinforcement associated with short-term effects
Published on: 3rd May, 2023
The appropriateness of opioid therapy for patients with Chronic Non-Malignant Pain (CNCP) has been questioned by a variety of researchers and policy makers [1-3]. One comprehensive review concluded that the benefits of such therapy for pain relief and functional improvement are modest at best and that opioid therapy is associated with significant harms including various symptoms (e.g., headache, nausea, sedation), development of opioid use disorder, fractures and death from overdose [3].
Association between the victim’s menstrual cycle phase and genital injuries following sexual assault
Published on: 2nd May, 2023
Background: It is unknown what effect the menstrual cycle can have on the susceptibility to trauma following sexual assault. Objectives: To compare the incidence of genital injuries following sexual assault in women with relationship to the three phases of the menstrual cycleMethods: The design was a retrospective, cohort analysis set in a community-based nurse examiner program over a five-year study period. Sexual assault victims were between the ages of 13 - 40 years and agreed to a forensic examination. The menstrual cycle was divided into three phases: follicular, luteal and menses phase. The primary outcomes were the frequency and type of genital injuries documented in relation to the different phases of the menstrual cycle.Results: Case files of 1376 cases of sexual assault were reviewed; 682 (49.6%) met the inclusion criteria. A total of 220 victims (32.3%) were in the follicular phase, 361 (52.9%) were in the luteal phase and 101 (14.8%) were in the menses phase. The three groups were comparable in terms of demographics, assault characteristics, and overall frequency of non-genital injuries. Assault victims in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle had significantly more documented genital injuries (72.3%; 95% CI 66.4 - 78.2) compared to the luteal phase (64.0%; 95% CI 59.0 - 68.9) and the menses phase (58.4%; 95% CI 48.8 - 68.0). Conclusion: Forensic examiners documented more genital injuries in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Sex hormones may have confounding effects through influences on vaginal epithelial and mucosal integrity.
Advances in deep learning-based cancer outcome prediction using multi-omics data
Published on: 1st May, 2023
Cancer prognosis reflects a complex biological process measured by multiple types of omics data. Deep learning frameworks have been proposed to integrate multi-omics data and predict patient outcomes in different cancer types, potentially revolutionizing cancer prognosis with superior performance. This minireview summarizes the advances in the strategies for multi-omics data integration and the performance of different deep learning models in prognosis prediction of diverse cancer types using multi-omics data published in the past 18 months. The challenges and limitations of deep learning models for predicting cancer outcomes based on multi-omics data are discussed.
Considering antioxidant supplements as a means to prevent diseases
Published on: 27th April, 2023
Oxidative stress has been implicated in Alzheimer’s and many other diseases and more recently, it has been linked to various COVID-19-related symptoms. Many diseases do not develop immediately as a result of the accumulated causes or injury, but rather, as a result of prolonged exposure to elevated oxidative stress, which disrupts the body’s natural homeostatic functions.
Determination of the capture efficiency of a direct-flow cyclone
Published on: 26th April, 2023
In addition to conventional cyclones, direct-flow cyclones are often used in industry to separate dust and gas systems, despite the fact that in some cases they are inferior to other types of cyclones in their characteristics.
Estimating minimum post-mortem interval in a Nigerian murder case using Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Caliphoridae): The first use of forensic entomology
Published on: 26th April, 2023
Introduction: This paper presents the first application of forensic entomology in a murder investigation in Nigeria involving the remains of a 54-years victim, on January 9th, 2019 in a shaded wooded area in advanced decomposition, with no clear indication of the time of death. Objectives: To estimate the minimum post-mortem interval of a 54-year-old corpse recovered in the advanced decomposition stage using the blowfly Chrysomya megacephala and the Advance-Degree-day (ADD) method.Results: An autopsy report revealed multiple wounds to the forehead including a bullet hole. Dead embalmed dead maggots recovered from the body were identified as C. megacephala, and an accumulated degree-day model was used to estimate the minimum post-mortem interval. The findings revealed that the recovered larvae were still within the third-instar stage and had accumulated thermal energy between 58 hours (= 1.6 days, equivalent to 38.7 ADD) and 102 hours (= 2.8 days, equivalent to 68.0 ADD), suggesting that the body may have been exposed to insect activity between January 1st and 9th January 2019 after expanding the range to cater for some uncertainties. Conclusion: In this Nigerian murder case, forensic entomology used the calliphorid species C. megacephala to estimate the minPMI to be between 2 and 9 days before the body was discovered, which translates to 1st - 9th January 2019 after consideration of some uncertainties and limitations. This confirmed the crucial role that insects play in providing valuable evidence to complement forensic pathological findings in homicides when conventional methods failed. Notwithstanding difficulties with employing insect evidence in forensic investigations in Nigeria, the application of this modern forensic technique has the potential to aid in the resolution of many unsolved murder cases and expedite the delivery of justice. The ability of law enforcement agencies in Nigeria to use the potential of insects in criminal investigations can be improved through collaborations and training with professionals from diverse professions.
Evaluation of catheter related bacteremia in patients with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis
Published on: 25th April, 2023
Infections are common complications among patients on chronic hemodialysis. Hemodialysis patients with a catheter have a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of hospitalization for infection and death compared with patients with an arteriovenous fistula or graft [1].
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