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Dalbavancin and moleculight in the COVID-19 pandemic

Published on: 11th April, 2023

The COVID-19 Pandemic, which began in March 2020, and its associated surges, had an immense impact on our medical staff and their ability to perform their daily duties.The COVID-19 Pandemic necessitated hospital modifications, including the expansion of the Emergency Department, ICU, and Isolation units. The overwhelmed staff and overburdened ER and ICU required adjustments to deal with the Inpatient impasse. For example, temporary patient care rooms needed to be set up for the overflow of patients. The tsunami of the Pandemic almost overwhelmed our hospital.With the challenges presented to our hospital during the Pandemic, we needed a fresh perspective to our multi-disciplinary approach. Thus, we fathomed that the use and cost-effectiveness of both Dalbavancin, a long-acting lipoglycopeptide antibiotic combined with the diagnostic Moleculight Imaging Device would be a sound decision.We hypothesized that with the use of this cost-effective antibiotic in conjunction with the use of the Moleculight Imaging Device, with its fluorescent imaging, we could detect the presence of bacteria and assist our wound treatment and decision-making.A shift in patients from the Emergency Room/Inpatient Department to the Outpatient Department/Wound Care Center was made possible with the use of these two novel products.
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Forensic seismology vis-à-vis an underwater explosion for the Roks Cheonan sinking in the Yellow Sea of the Korean Peninsula

Published on: 18th April, 2023

Most underwater explosions show characteristics of a bubble pulse and reverberation effects. To specifically identify the cause of an underwater explosion, it is most important to find a bubble pulse and reverberation effects using spectral and cepstral analyses. For a very shallow underwater explosion, spectral analysis is preferable to cepstral analysis. Time-domain analyses show bubble pulses as well as positive polarities of the first P-wave arrivals on the vertical component, and frequency-domain spectral analyses also clearly reveal the bubble pulse and reverberation effects. This study includes comparative studies including a Russian underwater nuclear explosion and US Navy shock trials. The ROKS Cheonan sinking was a shallow underwater explosion that occurred near the surface showing a bubble jet characteristic resulting in splitting the ship into two pieces including a bubble pulse and reverberation effects. The findings of a bubble jet and a toroidal bubble deformation including a bubble pulse are highlighted for a shallow underwater explosion in this study. The ROKS Cheonan sinking took place off the Baengnyeong Island in the Yellow Sea of the Korean Peninsula at a depth of about 8 m in the sea depth of 44 m on March 26, 2010. The explosive charge weight was estimated at 136 kg TNT which is equivalent to one of the abandoned land control mines (LCM) that were deployed near the Northern Limited Lines (NLL) in the Yellow Sea in the late 1970s.
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Effectiveness, longevity, and color stability of in-office bleaching (6% H2O2 gel/Violet LED) and diastema closure with direct composite: 3-year follow-up

Published on: 14th April, 2023

To reduce bleaching side effects, the use of low concentrations of Hydrogen Peroxide (HP) agents associated with hybrid light (violet LED/Diode Laser) has gained interest. Case report: The aim of this report is to describe a case of a 16-year-old patient that presented a complaint related to the color of his teeth and a maxillary midline diastema. In-office bleaching with 6% HP associated with hybrid light (violet LED/Diode Laser) was performed. The bleaching gel was applied once on the teeth and light-activated for 1 minute (15 times) followed by 1min intervals (15 times) with a total bleaching time of 30 minutes. After the bleaching procedure, the teeth were polished and the desensitizer was applied for 4 minutes. Two bleaching sessions were performed at a 1-week interval. The diastema was closed with direct resin composite restorations without any tooth preparation. The conventional 3-step bonding agent was used and A1 dentin shade and B1 enamel shade were used followed by polishing discs. At 3-year recall, discoloration and fractures were not found on the the teeth or restorations and patient was completely satisfied. Conclusion: the conservative and safe option of bleaching with a low-concentrated HP gel associated with violet LED light is an interesting option for young patients and presents longevity over time.
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Current and emerging trends in oro-dental healthcare and cranio-maxillo-facial surgery

Published on: 14th April, 2023

Dentistry is an ever-evolving field that has seen significant advances in recent years. This article sheds light on some of the current and emerging trends in oral health care, including digital dentistry, regenerative medicine, and the use of lasers. For example, digital dentistry involves the use of computer-aided design and manufacturing technology, which enables more accurate and efficient production of dental devices. On the other hand, regenerative medicine and nanoDentistry can be considered promising area that combines the use of stem cells, growth factors, biomaterials, and nanotechnology to regenerate damaged tissue and improve treatment outcomes. Lasers are increasingly being used in dentistry for a range of applications, including the treatment of gum disease and teeth whitening. Other developing technologies such as 3D printing and artificial intelligence are also being increasingly incorporated into dentistry, providing improved treatment options for our patients. Last yet definitely would/will not least, controlled drug delivery systems are being developed to deliver drugs to specific target sites in a localized and sustained manner, reducing the risk of adverse effects. Currently, these emerging trends are transforming the landscape of odontology and beyond. Hence, in this mini-Review, we explore such trends in oro-dental and cranio-maxillo-facial indications to highlight the potential benefits, advancements, and opportunities of applications for improved patient care.
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COVID-19 detection and classification: key AI challenges and recommendations for the way forward

Published on: 25th May, 2023

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral pneumonia that is found in China and has spread globally. Early diagnosis is important for effective and timely treatment. Thus, many ongoing studies attempt to solve key COVID-19 problems such as workload classification, detection, and differentiation from other pneumonia and healthy lungs using different imaging modalities. Researchers have identified some limitations in the deployment of deep learning methods to detect COVID-19, but there are still unmet challenges to be addressed. The use of binary classifiers or building classifiers based on only a few classes is some of the limitations that most of the existing research on the COVID-19 classification problem suffers from. Additionally, most prior studies have focused on model or ensemble models that depend on a flat single-feature imaging modality without using any clinical information or benefiting from the hierarchical structure of pneumonia, which leads to clinical challenges, and evaluated their systems using a small public dataset. Additionally, reliance on diagnostic processes based on CT as the main imaging modality, ignoring chest X-rays. Radiologists, computer scientists, and physicians all need to come to an understanding of these interdisciplinary issues. This article first highlights the challenges of deep learning deployment for COVID-19 detection using a literature review and document analysis. Second, it provides six key recommendations that could assist future researchers in this field in improving the diagnostic process for COVID-19. However, there is a need for a collective effort from all of them to consider the provided recommendations to effectively solve these issues.
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Understanding RNG Gas Quality through Execution at Newtown Creek WRRF RNG

Published on: 25th May, 2023

With each passing year a new record for global emissions is set (1) and policymakers and utility companies must embrace all avenues for decarbonization of energy. Universal adoption of electrification for every building and home by 2050 (2) is not practical, a balance must be struck between an equitable transition to cleaner energy supplies and ensuring uninterrupted, safe delivery of energy to utility customers. Renewable Natual Gas (RNG) is a molecule-for-molecule replacement of traditional geological natural gas with tangible life cycle emissions reductions. California continues to lead the way, initially starting with the low carbon fuel standard (LCFS) which aimed to reduce the carbon intensity of transportation fuel, and subsequently, Senate Bill 1440, which established RNG procurement goals including 12% RNG by 2030 (3). Other States are starting to adopt similar changes such as Oregon’s Senate Bill 98 and Colorado’s Senate Bill 21-264. As utilities attempt to transition the energy network, they must never compromise system safety and reliability. Recognizing that raw biogas has dangerous levels of contaminants of concern (COC) and must be conditioned to pipeline quality, its important utility companies better understand the methods with which methane is extracted and the testing protocols used to confirm performance. This paper highlights the equipment, processes, and testing regime National Grid and its partner the New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYC DEP) deployed as part of its Newtown Creek RNG project, which successfully began injecting RNG into the NYC gas distribution network in October 2022.
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The secondary metabolites profiling of the phytopathogenic fungus Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

Published on: 10th June, 2023

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic plant pathogen causing more than 60 different disease symptoms in approximately 400 plants globally. Hence, due to this distinctive characteristic, S. sclerotiorum has been the subject of various research to comprehend its pathogenicity mechanism, including virulent genes, proteins, and metabolites. Likewise, the genomic annotation of S. sclerotiorum uncovered its remarkable potential for producing secondary metabolites, of which genome mining has additionally prompted the disclosure of these uncharacterized metabolic pathways, which might aid the pathogenicity process. To comprehend the secondary metabolites secreted by S. sclerotiorum that might be involved in its pathogenicity, a secondary metabolite-level investigation of this plant pathogen was performed. Profiling and characterizing these secondary metabolites produced during in vitro germination would increase the current knowledge of this pathogen. In this study, S. sclerotiorum secondary metabolites profile examination was conducted, utilizing the Ultra-High Resolution Qq-Time-Of-Flight mass spectrometer (UHR-QqTOF). Proficient data analysis and verification with the genomic pathways of S. sclerotiorum gave an unequivocal metabolome profile of this pathogen. Two hundred and thirty secondary metabolites were identified in all three biological replicates, and their bodily functions were identified.
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Dorsal intraspinal B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in two patients

Published on: 8th June, 2023

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is rarely diagnosed as spinal cord compression syndrome. Caused by an epidural mass, this complication is often encountered in the late stage of the disease. We report two cases presenting symptoms of low thoracic spinal cord compression due to an epidural tumor on the MRI. Possible complications that may occur and how to prevent adverse events during surgery are essential. This case is of special interest for being a low-incidence pathology in a rare location. The case is of high interest because of the importance of resecting the lesion to prevent sequels and the complexity of its management and highlights the importance of considering the diagnosis of this event.
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Using Model Classification to detect Bias in Hospital Triaging

Published on: 12th June, 2023

Background: In light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the health crisis left in its wake, our goal is to develop extensive machine-learning techniques to provide a clear picture of the treatment, and possible mistreatment, of specific patient demographics during hospital triaging.Objective: We aim to reveal whether a patient’s treatment and hospital disposition is related to the following attributes - Emergency Severity Index (ESI), gender, employment status, insurance status, race, or ethnicity which our 100 MB dataset included.Materials and methods: Our work is separated into two parts - the classification task and data analysis. As part of the classification task, we used the k-Nearest-Neighbor classifier, the F1-score, and a random forest. We then analyze the data using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values to determine the importance of each attribute.Results: Our findings show that significance varies for each attribute. Notably, we found that patients with private insurance programs receive better treatment compared to patients with federal-run healthcare programs (e.g. Medicaid, Medicare). Furthermore, a patient’s ethnicity has a greater impact on treatment for patients under 40 years of age for any given ESI level. Surprisingly, our findings show language is not a barrier during treatment.Discussion and conclusion: We, therefore, conclude that although hospitals may not be doing so intentionally, there is a systemic bias in hospital triaging for specific patient demographics. For future works, we hope to aggregate additional patient data from hospitals to find whether specific demographics of patients receive better healthcare in different parts of the United States.
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Creatine Supplementation and Akt/mTOR Pathway: Unraveling the Connection for Optimal Muscle Performance

Published on: 14th June, 2023

This review paper investigates the relationship between creatine supplementation and the Akt/mTOR pathway, focusing on their impact on muscle performance. The Akt/mTOR pathway is a crucial signaling pathway that regulates muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy in response to growth factors, nutrients, and mechanical stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that creatine supplementation can influence anabolic signaling pathways, including the phosphorylation of p70S6K, a downstream target of mTOR, leading to enhanced activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway. Additionally, creatine supplementation has been shown to increase intramuscular creatine and phosphocreatine levels, improving ATP availability during exercise and enhancing high-intensity muscle contractions. Understanding the complex regulatory mechanisms of the Akt/mTOR pathway is vital for optimizing muscle performance, as dysregulated signaling can hinder muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophic responses. This review highlights the potential of creatine supplementation to modulate the Akt/mTOR pathway, offering insights into its mechanisms and implications for muscle performance enhancement. By unraveling this connection, researchers and practitioners can develop targeted strategies to maximize muscle performance and promote adaptive responses in various exercise and athletic contexts.
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The Role of Advanced Imaging in Paediatric Cardiology: Basic Principles and Indications

Published on: 24th June, 2023

Tissue Doppler Imaging and Speckle Tracking Echocardiography are newer echo-cardiographic modalities, that assess myocardial and valvular function in congenital and acquired heart diseases in childhood. In addition, cross-sectional imaging including Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) and Cardiac Computed Tomography has been widely used over the last decade in paediatric cardiology, in order to evaluate intra-cardiac and extra-cardiac anatomy. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance particularly allows detailed analysis of myocardial function, and shunt quantification and has applications even in fetal life. This mini-review summarizes the basic principles of the above-advanced modalities and highlights their main indications and clinical applications in childhood.
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Neurointerventional Radiology: History, Present and Future

Published on: 20th June, 2023

Neurointerventional Radiology (NIR), encompassing neuroendovascular surgery, endovascular neurosurgery, and interventional neurology, is an innovative and rapidly evolving multidisciplinary specialty focused on minimally invasive therapies for a wide range of neurological disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of NIR, discussing the three routes into the field, highlighting their distinct training paradigms, and emphasizing the importance of unified approaches through organizations like the Society of Neurointerventional Surgery (SNIS).The paper explores the benefits of co-managed care and its potential to improve patient outcomes, as well as the role of interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-disciplinary integration in advancing the field. We discuss the various contributions of neurosurgery, radiology, and neurology to cerebrovascular surgery, aiming to inform and educate those interested in pursuing a career in neurointervention. Additionally, the review examines the adoption of innovative technologies such as robotic-assisted techniques and artificial intelligence in NIR, and their implications for patient care and the future of the specialty. By presenting a comprehensive analysis of the field of neurointervention, we hope to inspire those considering a career in this exciting and rapidly advancing specialty, and underscore the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in shaping its future.
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The Role of Buspirone in the Treatment of Patients with Paranoid Schizophrenia with Non-Suicidal Auto Aggression Who Have Had a Coronavirus Infection

Published on: 21st June, 2023

The relevance of this work is due to the insufficient number of modern studies on the treatment of patients with paranoid schizophrenia with non-suicidal autoaggressive actions or in short: “NSAA”, who have had a coronavirus infection. The aim of the study was to study the role of buspirone in the complex therapy of patients with paranoid schizophrenia with NSAA who had a coronavirus infection. Materials and research methods: 99 patients with paranoid schizophrenia meeting ICD-10 criteria were examined by a continuous, non-randomized clinical method. Fisher’s test was used for statistical evaluation. Results: It was established that the consequence of the coronavirus infection was an increase in the proportion of residual organic changes in the form of manifestations of the dysphoric syndrome, specific changes in the cognitive sphere, and the autonomic nervous system. The manifestations of dysphoria included an increase in the frequency of openly manifested aggression, anxiety, impulsivity, and the implementation of NSAA by the type of affective discharge. The structure of acquired cognitive impairments consisted of changes in thinking by the type of thoroughness, and rigidity of perseveration. Changes in the autonomic nervous system are presented in the form of diencephalic crises. Also, psychotic states not characteristic of the previously examined patients were noted, such as twilight stupefaction, delusional symptoms of Cappgras, Fregoli, and tactile hallucinosis. It has been established that the use of buspirone as part of complex therapy with neuroleptics, compared with monotherapy with neuroleptics, increases the effectiveness of therapy in relation to these clinical manifestations in the studied individuals. Conclusion: The use of buspirone in combination with neuroleptic drugs increases the effectiveness of therapy in relation to the leading psychopathological manifestations in patients with paranoid schizophrenia with NSAA who have undergone coronavirus infection.
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An Urticaria Closet Simulating Leprosy in A 36-Year-Old Woman

Published on: 24th June, 2023

Urticaria corresponds to a papular edematous pruriginous fleeting rash on the skin whose cause is most often allergic (food, medicines, insect bites, etc.).Its management is often difficult because of its significant impact on quality of life. Its prevalence is estimated at 0.6% - 1.3% of the general population. Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) or Hansen’s bacillus (BH). Considered as the great simulator leprosy can pose a diagnostic problem with many other dermatological pathologies. This is a 36-year-old patient with a history of chronic urticaria treated with Loratadine 10 mg who consulted the Bamako Dermatology Hospital for a large erythematous cupboard, oedematous fixed on the buttocks evolving for more than 3 days. The interrogation found the notion of pruritus, hives, and physical examination, showed large erythematous plaques, edematous very limited, dark red color, and slightly copper resembling the closet infiltrated by leprosy. The pruriginous nature of the lesions and the absence of other cardinal signs of leprosy allowed us to make the diagnosis of chronic urticaria.
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Evaluation of Biostimulants Based on Recovered Protein Hydrolysates from Animal By-products as Plant Growth Enhancers

Published on: 3rd July, 2023

Free amino acids-based biostimulants are gaining momentum in Europe for sustainable agriculture. They stimulate plant growth, improve crop productivity, and reduce reliance on harmful fertilizers. Enzymatic hydrolysis is used to develop biostimulants from animal by-products, such as greaves and protein-rich wastewater from processed animal proteins. The effectiveness of enzymatic hydrolysis depends on selecting the appropriate conditioning stage for the by-products, yielding protein in the range of 86% to 97%. These protein hydrolysates, with optimal amino acid compositions, are evaluated as biostimulants. Promising results show growth improvements of 17% to 31% in Chinese cabbage and lettuce seeds. The optimal dilution concentration ranges from 0.05% to 0.3%, depending on the protein hydrolysate used. The findings highlight the potential of these biostimulants to enhance plant growth and productivity while reducing environmental impact by replacing chemical fertilizers. They offer sustainable alternatives for promoting environmentally friendly practices in agriculture.
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Internet Addiction and its Relationship with Attachment Styles Among Tunisian Medical Students

Published on: 13th July, 2023

Internet addiction is a growing addictive behavior and a major public health problem worldwide. Several psychological factors can contribute to the problematic use of the Internet. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Internet Addiction (IA) in a sample of university students and to examine the relationship between IA, self-esteem, and attachment styles.The present study was a cross-sectional study, involving 135 students from the Faculty of Medicine of Monastir. The participants completed a questionnaire, which contained the socio-demographic data, the reasons for Internet use, the Young Cyberaddiction scale to seek IA, the Relationships-style-questionnaire-RSQ to assess attachment style, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).The mean age of the students was 21.5 ± 1.9 years old. They were 112 (83%) females. The prevalence of Internet addiction was 23.7%. The average connection time was 3.5 ± 1.8 hours/day. The most frequent online activities were chat (online discussion, forums ...) in 94.8% of cases followed by download activities (78.5%), scientific research (75.6%), online games (23.7%), and online shopping (13.3%). IA was associated with school failure, alcohol use, online gaming, and low self-esteem. The majority of the participants (84.4%) in this study reported an insecure attachment style. Logistic regression analysis showed a strong association between IA and fearful attachment style.IA was frequent among students. Fearful attachment style was found to be a risk factor for IA. This study highlights the impact of relationships between child and their caregivers on the development of addiction.
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Sudden Cardiac Death in a Neonate Due to Bilateral Absence of Coronary Artery Ostium

Published on: 24th July, 2023

Introduction: Congenital heart disease is a leading cause of neonatal mortality linked to birth defects. Despite the widespread availability of prenatal screenings, detection rates remain low. Accurate early detection of these lesions is pivotal to reducing neonatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: In this case, we present a neonate who experienced sudden cardiac death due to a rare, undiagnosed congenital cardiac anomaly - the bilateral absence of coronary artery ostium. Discussion: This case highlights the importance of prenatal detection of congenital cardiac anomalies. While fetal echocardiography is frequently utilized, it only identifies CHD in 36-50% of cases. This is attributed to inadequate imaging procedures, varied operator skills, and regional discrepancies. Early detection of severe CHD is essential for specialized treatment, thereby mitigating neonatal health risks and improving survival rates.Conclusion: Prenatal detection of CHD, especially coronary anomalies, continues to pose significant challenges. There is a pressing need to establish and enforce standardized protocols for fetal echocardiography aimed at these anomalies. To enhance care and improve outcomes, a joint effort between academic institutions and community centers is encouraged.Learning Objectives: •    Congenital coronary artery anomalies are a significant cause of sudden cardiac death in children.•    The absence of a coronary artery ostium is known to be associated with other congenital heart diseases, particularly pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum. However, isolated coronary disease has also been reported in this case.•    Prenatal echocardiography is a valuable tool for diagnosing congenital heart disease. However, certain limitations may be encountered when diagnosing coronary artery anomalies.
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Variation in Genuine Handwriting While Writing on an Unusual Surface

Published on: 24th July, 2023

Forensic handwriting analysis is a specialized field within forensic science that aims to identify and compare handwriting samples for investigative purposes. This scientific note provides an overview of the fundamental principles, methodologies, and techniques involved in the examination of handwriting evidence. The note explores the importance of handwriting analysis in criminal investigations, discusses the underlying scientific principles, and highlights the challenges faced by forensic experts in this field. Additionally, it explores the advancements in technology that have aided the analysis of handwriting and conclude with the potential future directions of research in forensic handwriting analysis. This study focuses on the natural variation that occurs due to the unusual surfaces of tables and bricks, the variation occurs mostly in the class characteristics of the person like slant, speed, line quality, alignment, etc. Samples are collected on two different surfaces; a table and a wall (smooth and rough surfaces). And on the basis of these two surfaces, the variations in the characteristics of the individual are observed. The significance of the research is to find out the range of natural variation that occurs in the individual handwriting whenever there is a change in the writing surface.
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Myxedema Coma and Acute Respiratory Failure in a Young Child: A Case Report

Published on: 26th July, 2023

Background: Myxedema is an extreme manifestation seen in patients with untreated hypothyroidism. It is a lethal endocrine emergency, which arises when a precipitating cause overwhelms the compensatory mechanisms of the hypothyroid state.Objectives: This case report aims to present a case of myxedema coma secondary to cretinism. It also aims to discuss how hypothyroidism leads to hypoventilation and eventually respiratory failure, as well as to discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and management of a child with myxedema coma.Case presentation: This is a case of a 7-year-old female, diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism at 5 months of age, but eventually was lost to follow-up. She came back after 7 years presenting with difficulty of breathing. She was seen hypothermic, obtunded, and in severe respiratory distress. She was severely stunted and underweight with coarse facial features. Initial laboratory work-up showed elevated Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) as well as decreased tri-iodothyronine (FT3) and thyroxine (FT4). She was immediately started on levothyroxine, with noted resolution of the edema and improvement in sensorium. There was also noted improvement in the patient’s ventilation and was sent home on Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) while asleep.Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of having a high index of suspicion of its clinical manifestations, which could lead to earlier intervention thereby preventing further complications. A multidimensional approach is essential in managing this case, as various organ systems are involved in this condition.
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Sunflower Diseases and Downy Mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) in Adana

Published on: 28th July, 2023

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the most important vegetable oil sources in the world and in our country. The preference for sunflower oil in the consumption of vegetable oil increases the importance of sunflowers in our country. Rust, downy mildew, Verticillium wilt, Sclerotinia stalk and head rot, charcoal rot, blight, and leaf spot are some of the important diseases most commonly seen in sunflowers. In some years, depending on the climatic conditions, Downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) is widely observed and it causes an epidemic in sunflower-planted areas in the Adana province. Genetically resistant hybrids have started to be grown in Turkey in recent years due to the resistance of downy mildew disease to fungicides. The aim of the study was to determine the status of sunflower diseases and Downy Mildew disease in Adana.
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