Efficiency of different methods for calculating the mechanized tunnels face pressure considering an earth pressure balance
Published on: 2nd August, 2022
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 9579644518
Different methods for calculating and estimating a safe face pressure were proposed by researchers, which have some advantages and disadvantages. In each of these methods, some related parameters such as soil geotechnical parameters, dimensions of the tunnel, and geological conditions are used. In these methods, using a series of mathematical or empirical functions, the face pressure is calculated. In this study, the face displacements were obtained using the finite difference numerical FLAC3D, the COB (Netherlands Underground Science Center) empirical, and the Leca and Dormieux (1990) analytical methods. The impact of the COB method on different ground stiffnesses is studied and evaluated. The reference case of this research is the Tehran Metro Line 6 tunnel (excavation radius: 4.6 m).
Environmental impact assessment of demolition of a building in India-A case study
Published on: 3rd August, 2022
Buildings are demolished, when they outlived their service life, become structurally/functionally unfit, or have been built illegally. In India, an RCC framed, 40-storied high-rise building, with a built-up area of about 75,000 sqm, built without relevant approvals along with lots of violations of building bye-laws, has been demolished. There is nothing new in this demolition process, but its effect on the environment is unavailable. A study has been conducted to understand the environmental impact of this demolition. Based on the main primary construction materials, the embodied energy of this demolished building has been computed as 7.07 GJ/sqm.The civil construction cost of the building was found to be about INR 200 Crores (USD 27 million, assuming a conversion rate of 1 USD 75 INR in the year 2022). Expected GHGs emissions corresponding to this embodied energy were estimated as 42.42 × 103 MT. Energy in the demolition of the building has been computed to be about 8.7 GJ/sqm. The situation, in which this building can be retrofitted and made compliant with local building bye-laws, has been analyzed for its environmental impact.
The protective potential of Carbonic Anhydrase VI (CA VI) against tooth decay in children: A systematic review of the literature
Published on: 2nd August, 2022
Carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide in saliva with possible pH regulation, taste perception, and tooth formation effects. Objective: The aim of this work was to undertake a systematic review regarding the relationship between the expression/activity of CA VI in saliva and in dental biofilm and caries experience. Study design: Five databases were searched until February 2020. The composition was based on the PRISMA statement and on the PICOS model. First author, year, subject characteristics, analysis performed, outcome, measures & variables were extracted. The used terms were “carbonic anhydrase VI”, “saliva”, “dental biofilm” and “dental caries”.Results: Five studies in the English language were selected for this systematic review and the main discussed topics were the expression/activity of CA VI in saliva and/or in the dental biofilm of children, and its relationship with dental caries. Conclusion: Salivary carbonic anhydrase plays an important role in the caries dynamics process since there is an association between the expression/activity of CA VI in saliva and the experience of caries. Thus, this protein can predict the risk of dental caries in young patients.
Light beams, photons, axions
Published on: 2nd August, 2022
The question of the interaction of light with small particles, with molecules, atoms in gases, in liquids has been considered by many authors in the scientific literature. As a rule, this is elastic, Raman, or Rayleigh scattering. The frequency of the scattered light in the first case is the same as that of the incident, and in cases 2 and 3, the spectrum of scattered radiation is enriched with the corresponding components. The subject of this work is the interaction between each other in the medium of two coherent light beams.
Role of perioperative plasma D-dimer in intracerebral hemorrhage after brain tumor surgery: A prospective study
Published on: 2nd August, 2022
Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most feared complications after brain tumor surgery. Despite several factors being considered to influence bleeding, an increasing number of clinical studies emphasize that hemostatic disorders, developed during surgical aggression and tumor status, could explain unexpected ICH. The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the influence of perioperative D-dimer levels on ICH after brain tumor surgery. Methods: This prospective, observational, 18-month study, at a single third-level hospital, included all consecutive adults operated on brain tumors and postoperative stay in an intensive care unit. Three blood samples evaluated D-dimer levels (A-baseline, B-postoperative and C-24 hours after surgery). The normal range considered was 0-500ng/ml. ICH, as a primary outcome, was defined as bleeding that generates radiological signs of intracranial hypertension either by volume or by mass effect on the routine CT scan 24 hours after surgery. Other tumor features and hemostasis variables were analyzed. Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact test were used in the inferential analysis for qualitative variables and Wilcoxon and T-Test for quantitative ones. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant for a confidence interval of 95%. Results: A total of 109 patients operated on brain tumor surgery were finally included, 69 male (63,30%) and 40 female (36,70%), with a mean age of 54,60 ± 14,75 years. ICH was confirmed in 39 patients (35,78%). Their average of DDimer was A-1.526,70 ng/dl, B-1.061,88 ng/dl, and C-1.330,91 ng/dl (A p0.039, B p0,223 C p0.042, W-Wilcoxon test). The male group was also associated with ICH (p0,030 X2 test). Of those 39 patients with ICH, 30 in sample A (76,9%), 20 in sample B (51,28%) and 35 in sample C (89,74%) had a D-dimer > 500 ng/dl (p0,092, p1, p0,761 X2 test) and the relative risk of developing a postoperative hematoma in this patients was increased 0,36-fold presurgery, 0,25-fold postsurgery and 0,40-fold 24hours after surgery. D-dimer variation, had no statistical significance (p0,118, p0,195, p0,756 T-test). Platelets and prothrombin activity were associated with D-dimer levels only in sample A (p 0,02 and p 0,20, W Wilson). Conclusion: High levels of perioperative D-dimer could be considered a risk marker of ICH after brain tumor surgery. However, more studies would be worthwhile to confirm this association and develop primary prevention strategies for stroke.
Clinical utility of intracardiac echocardiography in transvenous lead extraction
Published on: 4th August, 2022
The epidemics of heart failure and an aging population resulted in an exponential rise in the use of cardiac implantable devices (CIEDs) in developed countries. This is paralleled by the increased rate of complications such as system infection or malfunction. The higher number of complications, and longer patient life expectancies, are followed by an increase in the need for lead extractions.
Bio-inspired fabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles: Insight into biomedical applications
Published on: 11th August, 2022
Nanotechnology is starting the characterization, fabrication, and possible applications of numerous materials at the Nano-scale. Over the last few eras, nanomaterials provide a platform for researchers from diverse arenas due to the high surface-to-volume ratio and other novels, and new significant belongings. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are receiving diverse biomedical applications because of their distinctive antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antifungal, antileishmanial, anti-larvicidal, wound healing, anticholinergic, and anti-diabetic properties. Different physical and chemical approaches have been used to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles, but these methods cause ecotoxicity and are time-consuming and costly. Therefore, there is a need for more eco-friendly, cost-effective, and safe methods. Such biogenic Zinc oxide nanoparticles offer more advantages over other physiochemically synthesized methods. In this review, we have summarized the recent literature for the understanding of the green synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles, their characterization, and their various biomedical applications.
Influence of corneal spherical aberration, anterior chamber depth, and ocular axial length on the visual outcome with an extended depth of focus wavefront-designed intraocular lens
Published on: 8th August, 2022
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate which ocular parameters have an impact on visual results obtained after an extended depth of focus (EDF) wavefront-designed intraocular lens (IOL). Setting: The study was conducted in three Italian centers (private practice in Lucca and two ambulatory surgical centers in Pisa and in Rome) from 01/09/2014 to 30/09/2015.Design: The study population included 178 eyes of 91 patients who had cataract surgery and implantation of an EDF wavefront - designed IOL (Mini Well Ready - SIFI Med Tech S.r.l.).Methods: Preoperative and postoperative refractive corneal spherical aberration (SA), ocular axial length, or anterior chamber depth were measured.Results: The majority of patients were spectacle-independent for near, intermediate, and distance vision and no one reported disturbing halos or glare. No overall significant differences were observed when stratifying anterior chamber depth (ACD) and ocular axial length (AL) by uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA); p = 0.465 and 1.000 respectively, corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA); p = uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA); p = 1.000 and 0.728 respectively; p = 1.000 under both parameters and halos; 1.000 under both parameters. Still, there was a statistically significant difference when stratifying SA with 5 mm only by UDVA (p = 0.040).Conclusion: These results are consistent with similar outcomes in the scientific literature as measured with tests of visual acuity, either with or without optical correction. We also demonstrated that these IOLs can be used in myopic and hyperopic eyes, although it may be useful to evaluate the preoperative corneal SA to achieve better results.
The factors associated with mental health and the impact of COVID-19
Published on: 11th August, 2022
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 9591348162
The mental health impact caused by COVID-19 on adolescents was reviewed, and due to limited data, adult results were included, to support our assertion that additional mental health resources are needed for both adult and young people. Positive gains would include improved socio-emotional skills, a decrease in maladaptive behaviors contributing to the disruption in interpersonal relationships and lifetime achievements, suicide attempts and psychopathology, persistent mental health concerns found in the juvenile justice and foster care systems and substance use addiction later in adulthood (The American Psychological Association, 2019; Garber & Weersing, 2010; Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, n.d.; Tomasello, 2018;). Geiger & Davis, 2019, found that 13% or 3.2 million United States (U.S.) teenagers aged 12 - 17 years old experienced at least one major depressive episode with the depression rate increasing 59% from 2007 to 2017. Therefore, we assert that developing programs to overcome barriers to mental health aid can reduce instances experienced in adolescence and adulthood.
The real-time information provision problem in assessing rehabilitation needs among athletes with overtraining syndrome
Published on: 12th August, 2022
One of the biggest challenges in sports medicine is the return-to-play decisions, making or breaking athletic careers. Since there are no protocols to guide team physicians and consultants for athletes with fatigue syndrome, illness, injury, or overtraining syndrome, real-time monitoring plays a crucial role in such cases. By monitoring a combination of performance (e.g., maximal lactate concentration, maximal heart rate at lactate threshold), physiological (e.g., resting heart rate and maximal heart rate), biochemical (e.g., glucose) and hormonal (e.g., cortisol) variables, there should be objective indices determining eligibility or disqualification for the ill or injured athletes, allowing rehabilitation practitioners to improve and adjust their plan accordingly on a real-time information provision basis.
Cost-analysis comparison of clinical risk assessment with and without ROMA for the management of women with pelvic masses
Published on: 17th August, 2022
Objective: Pelvic masses can be classified as low risk (likely benign) and high risk (likely malignant) based on an initial clinical risk assessment, which involves a detailed history, physical exam, basic laboratory tests, and imaging. In recent years, the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA), which combines CA125, HE4 and menopausal status, has emerged as a powerful tool in the classification of pelvic masses and triage of patients to either a generalist gynecologist or a gynecologic oncologist for management. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the use of ROMA, alone or in combination with Initial Clinical Risk Assessment (ICRA), provides cost savings compared to triage based on ICRA alone.Methods: A health-economic decision model was developed to assess clinical and cost differences associated with three different clinical pathways of risk assessment for a pelvic mass: ICRA alone, ROMA alone, or ICRA + ROMA in combination. Using previously reported accuracy rates and patient characteristics from a prospective, multicenter, blinded clinical trial, total healthcare costs were modeled for each clinical pathway using the Medicare 2020 reimbursement rates.Results: A total of 461 patients with pelvic masses were included with 10.4% ultimately diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer. Total healthcare costs for patients with benign disease, EOC, or low malignant potential tumors (LMP) (n = 441) triaged using ROMA alone were 3.3% lower than when triaged using ICRA alone. While lab costs increased 55% using ROMA, the use of ROMA alone resulted in a 4% decrease in laparoscopy costs and a 3.1% decrease in laparotomy costs compared with ICRA alone. Similarly, total costs associated with a combination of ICRA + ROMA were 3.9% lower than total costs associated with ICRA alone. The model also predicted a 63% reduction in repeat surgeries resulting from false negative ICRA when using ROMA to triage patients.Conclusion: Triage of women with pelvic masses using the more sensitive ROMA score lowers overall healthcare costs compared to ICRA alone. With fewer false negative results than ICRA alone, the ROMA score improves initial detection of malignancy and reduces second surgical treatments in women with pelvic masses.
Code of ethics and code of practice: Two relevant documents for an effective and secure operation of tissue establishments
Published on: 19th August, 2022
Tissue banking is an interdisciplinary medical practice more reliant than others in specialized fields and applying knowledge from other branches of science, particularly nuclear sciences. A further difference from other medical disciplines is the urgent necessity to include laws, norms, standards and statutory regulations, which differ in their juridical binding force. Adopting a code of ethics and a code of practice is one of the main tasks to be conducted by a tissue establishment after its founding. The aim is to include in these codes the main ethical principles associated with the different laws, norms, standards, and statutory regulations in force in each country in the field of tissue banking.
Nephrotic syndrome in children during the COVID-19 pandemic
Published on: 23rd August, 2022
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 9597893068
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in public health measures and fewer viral infections, which trigger the nephrotic syndrome. Our objectives were to characterize the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with nephrotic syndrome. This single-center retrospective chart review compared children with nephrotic syndrome one year before the pandemic with the first wave of the pandemic. Epidemiologic events, clinical characteristics, and health care utilization were compared using paired t-tests, Fisher’s exact tests and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests. Among 96 children the mean age was 10.7 ± 5.28 years. The distribution was minimal change disease (16.7%), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (12.5%), membranous nephropathy (1%) and not biopsied (69.8%). Medication responsiveness was steroid-sensitive (25%), frequently relapsed (54%) and steroid-resistant (20.8%). There were 14 new diagnoses of nephrotic syndrome pre-pandemic and 18 during the pandemic. Fewer relapses during the pandemic were likely due to fewer viral illnesses from public health measures during the pandemic.
Genetic variability in the susceptibility of immature peach fruit to Monilinia laxa is associated with surface conductance but not stomatal density
Published on: 25th August, 2022
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 9599097875
Monilinia laxa is a fungus that causes brown rot in stone fruit. Immature green fruits in the first stage of fruit development (stage I) are generally susceptible. To investigate the relationship between the physical characteristics of immature fruit and susceptibility to M. laxa, we characterized the progeny, derived from a clone of wild peach (Prunus davidiana) crossed with two commercial nectarines (Prunus persica) varieties, through laboratory infection, transpiration monitoring and stomata counting. Two types of fruit infections were observed - ‘classic’ brown rot and ‘clear spot’ symptoms - which have not previously been described in the literature. The number and density of stomata did not explain the observed variability of infection in the progeny. However, surface conductance was positively correlated with infection level. This study provides experimental evidence partially linking physical fruit characteristics to brown rot infection at the immature fruit stage. The role of delayed cuticle deposition in susceptibility to brown rot of immature fruit is discussed.
The risk of coronary heart disease varies with blood pressure grades and glycemic metabolism statues in a hypertensive
Published on: 30th August, 2022
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide [1]. In China, the prevalence of CHD has kept continually increasing, with the number of patients being approximately 11.39 million, at present [2] and CHD poses a substantial threat to human health. Hypertension and diabetes both are the major risk factors for CHD [2,3] and the risk of CHD in patients with coexisting hypertension and diabetes is higher than that in patients with either of the two diseases [4].
IZOMIN – Ecological solution for sustainable constructions
Published on: 26th August, 2022
The depletion of non-renewable resources is followed by severe ecological and social impacts, and the heavy usage of raw, virgin resources leaves significant, long-lasting footprints. The transition to a more circular economy, where the value of products, materials and resources is maintained and circulated (by recycling activities) in the economy for as long as possible, is an essential contribution to the EU’s efforts to develop a sustainable, low carbon, resource efficient and competitive economy. In this context, ecological solutions consisting of materials that help carbon sequestration and necessitate small amounts of energy for production are becoming increasingly popular from a building construction point of view, namely: The raw material is cheap and in large quantities; has low thermal conductivity; are from a renewable source. The paper presents an analysis of IZOMIN an innovative thermal insulating product made from renewable or recycled resources and their main technical properties, the purpose being to inform the market in order to increase the present level of technical knowledge and technologies used to facilitate the implementation of buildings with high energy efficiency.
Cervical disc arthroplasty, challenges and indications: case report
Published on: 29th August, 2022
Degenerative changes in the intervertebral discs can cause a significant impact on the biomechanics of the spine this can result in compression of the nerve roots or the spinal cord [1].
Use of collagenase to isolate adipose tissue-derived stem cells – substantial manipulation or not?
Published on: 30th August, 2022
Background: Collagenase is commonly used to isolate the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) or adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) from human adipose tissue. Enzymatic breakdowns may be a substantial manipulation according to the classifications of medical regulatory authorities. This study investigates the possible effects of human adipose tissue dissociation with collagenase on in vitro function and behavior of ADSCs.Methods and results: Adipose tissue from nine donors was divided into two equal fractions. SVF was then isolated either mechanically or with collagenase, respectively. The resulting cells were analyzed for their surface markers directly after isolation and at passage five. Proliferation, tri-lineage differentiation, and secretome markers were measured after passage four.Using collagenase compared to mechanical isolation did not alter the expression of typical surface markers of ADSCs. ADSCs isolated with collagenase showed a significantly shorter population doubling time (p < 0.001), a significantly higher mean specific GPDH-activity, a stronger intensity in perilipin staining (p = 0.005), and a significantly higher extracellular calcium deposition (p = 0.006) than mechanically isolated ADSCs. The expression of adipogenic and osteogenic marker genes was not different in mechanically versus enzymatically isolated ADSCs. There were no significant differences in proteoglcyan production (p > 0.05) and the concentration of type 2 collagen. Except for an increased CCL2 concentration in mechanically isolated ASDCs (p = 0.01), there were no significant differences in the concentration of secreted proteins between both isolation methods. Conclusions: The use of collagenase does not substantially impair central in vitro characteristics and functions of human adipose tissue-derived stem cells.
Huge median prostatic lobe: a interesting case of BPH
Published on: 30th August, 2022
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) refers to the nonmalignant growth or hyperplasia of prostate tissue and is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in men [1].
An empirical study on factors responsible for Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) and its severity levels amongst the Bhutanese populace
Published on: 30th August, 2022
Background and objectives: This paper is aimed at excavating the factors responsible for RHD events and vis-à-vis establishing severity levels of RHD patients referred to Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH) in Thimphu’s capital city of Bhutan. Methods: By taking notorious advantage of the data gathered over the past five years (2016-2020) from RHD patients across 20 districts of Bhutan, about 232 RHD patients are involved in this study recorded in JDWNRH by the Cardiology Department. Besides descriptive methods, multivariate linear regression models augmented by the multinomial logistic regression models had been applied to establish the causual links. Results: The findings revealed that RHD prevailed amongst the young populace of Bhutan, especially females. Variables like age, frequency of visits, number of diagnostics, levels of education and region had been found as predictors of RHD prevalence. Other socio-demographic factors like occupation and status of employment did not affect the RHD prevalence. The multinomial logistic regression results indicated that higher levels of education as an important factor for not making the patient fall into the category of ‘severe.’ Age has been constantly found to be a highly significant variable contributing to RHD events and a quadratic relationship is revealed between age and the severity of RHD. Conclusion and implications for translation: This study pigeonholed the significant factors responsible for RHD events and entailed severity levels by gender and age. The findings of this study also provide additional important insights into developing public health policies and programs.
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