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Background and objective: Peroxidase is an oxidoreductase that uses different compounds as substrates and thus can be utilized for different applications. The goal of this work is to isolate peroxidase from lemon peels using Three-Phase Portioning (TPP). Methods: TPP was set by adding varying amounts of salts and alcohol and the enzyme activity recovery was measured for each variable. Different parameters were optimized successively in order to achieve the highest enzyme activity recovery including salt type, salt concentration, pH, alcohol/crude extract ratio and type of alcohol and then, combining all optimized conditions together.Results: Salt that gave maximal recovery was sodium potassium tartrate, optimal salt concentration was 15%, optimal pH was 8, optimal alcohol/crude extract ratio was 1 and t-butanol was preferred to 1-butanol. Efficiently, upon combining all optimized factors, an activity recovery of 175% was obtained.Conclusion: This protocol provides an easy, feasible method to efficiently isolate peroxidase from lemon peels using TPP.

Recent clinical, experimental and epidemiological studies report that ALS is thought possibly due to a multi-stage process, arising from a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, which alone or superimposed, perhaps on genetic polymorphism yet to be identified, may contribute to the incidence rate of sporadic ALS. In particular, a large amount of evidence suggests that mercury is toxic to motor neurons and may be a risk factor for ALS, playing a part in its pathogenesis. In fact, there have been case reports of ALS or ALS-like symptoms associated with mercury exposure, thus raising the possibility that mercury could be one of the non-genetic factors of the multistep process that is thought to underlie ALS. In order to give recent elucidations on the putative relationship between mercury exposure and ALS, we reviewed all the papers reported in the literature and published on Pubmed from 2006 to 2022. Despite a number of pathogenetic mechanisms that have been linked to mercury, evidence linking exposure to mercury to ALS is not consistent and discordant and, based on the evaluation of the articles, which emerged from our analysis that to date no convincing correlation between mercury and ALS has been established and no conclusive evidence has been enlightened suggesting increased mercury exposure is associated with ALS.

Quick and cost-effective recovery is foundational to high-quality training and good competition results in today’s sports. The aim of the research was to elucidate the effects of hand and massage chair massage on the biomechanical parameters of muscles of lower limbs and back, indicators of Pain Pressure Thresholds (PPT) and subjectively perceived fatigue. A total of 32 female recreational athletes (18 – 50 years old) were assigned to a hand massage, massage chair, or lying down the group. They were measured for muscle biomechanical properties (MyotonPro), PPT (Wagner Instruments) and subjectively perceived fatigue (VAS scale) before and after fatigue tests and treatment. The recovery procedure and subjective satisfaction with treatment were rated on a Likert scale. Changes in the median value of m. rectus femoris and m. gastrocnemius stiffness with treatment showed that hand massage could be more effective in reducing stiffness, as compared to chair massage. Hand massage may have benefits for recovery from physical exertion, but due to the individuality of subjects, detailed methodological studies are needed to evaluate the effects of massage chair vs. hand massage.

Resource recovery provides an opportunity to transform limited and abundant materials in form of waste into biobased products. In the production system, this technique could offer an economic means to utilize wastes to generate valuable products which are fundamental to a sustainable economy.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality in the industrialized world. Among these diseases, aortic dissection affects the aorta wall and is a surgical emergency with a low survival rate. This pathology occurs when an injury leads to a localized tear of the innermost layer of the aorta. It allows blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, forcing the layers apart and creating a false lumen. Endovascular treatment seeks to obliterate the entrances to the false lumen with a covered stent. There are very few studies on the postoperative demonstration of blood flow phenomena in the aortic dissection endovascular treatment. It is crucial to study the hemodynamics of blood in the aorta after an intervention because the new geometrical configuration of the aorta with a stent leads to modifications in blood flow. For the surgeons, the procedure can only be performed empirically, using MRI-4D images to view the postoperative flow of the patient’s blood in the aorta with the stent.This paper aims to present a numerical tool developed from the open-source software FOAM- Extend®, allowing for multiphysics numerical simulations. Using MRI data, a bio-faithful model of the patient-specific case was built. Numerical simulations were performed to predict preoperative and postoperative (endovascular treatment) hemodynamics. The modifications of the flow in the aorta were analyzed focusing on the postoperative perfusions. The results were compared with the corresponding MRI data and have a good qualitative agreement. Biomarkers are calculated to localize possible zones of post-operative pathological developments and recommendations may be suggested to the surgeons.

Central venous catheter fracture and migration are rare complications in patients receiving long-term infusions or chemotherapy. We present a rare case of a chest port catheter fracture that migrated into the coronary sinus. This case is likely the fourth report of a port catheter fracture with migration to the coronary sinus. Because of the difficult-to-retrieve location, multiple attempts were unsuccessful with traditional techniques using a loop snare. Finally, the fractured portion was disengaged from the coronary sinus using a navigational electrophysiology catheter guided by intracardiac echocardiography; the dislodged end was snared and eventually removed by the femoral route. This case of a chest port catheter fracture is unique because of the unusual migration to the coronary sinus and the use of a navigational electrophysiology catheter as a novel retrieval technique.

Prescriptions for psychoactive substances such as Pregabalin, Methamphetamine, Caffeine, Clonazepam and Mirtazapine (PM-CCM) are common in the treatment of a variety of disorders. Indeed, the PM-CCM has been used in different therapeutic areas, including insomnia, anxiety, seizure disorders, etc. Unfortunately, these psychoactive substances are present in the illegal street market, leading to a lot of drug abuse among some addicted users, road insecurity and suicide. Hence, it has become essential to validate and develop a rapid and effective method to analyze the PM-CCM, a modified illicit drug, for drug abuse in the forensic sciences. A simple, rapid, specific and sensitive Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS) method has been developed for the identification of Pregabalin, Methamphetamine, Caffeine, Clonazepam and Mirtazapine (PM-CCM) in forensic exhibits. At room temperature, the sample was ultrasonicated for 5 minutes before being extracted with methanol. A highly precise auto-injector is used to inject a very small quantity of samples for analysis. Helium is used as a carrier gas with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The separation of PM-CCM was performed on SH-RXi-5 MS, ID.25 mm, film thickness. 25 µm, length of 30 m column. The constituents of PM-CCM were identified by the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z ratio) of fragments of the parent compound by comparing them with the NIST-17 MS Library. Separation and identification of PM-CCM were achieved within a 15-minute run. The proposed method has been successfully used for the routine analysis of PM-CCM in complex illicit drug preparations and in forensic exhibits as well. The application of above discussed qualitative analysis method and screening of PM-CCM, modified illicit drug samples demonstrates the potential and applicability of the technique to the fast chemical profiling of illicit samples.  

This is a work based on the extension of the work of Professor James Clerk Maxwell and Albert Einstein into a new framework of science built on provable mathematical theorem which serves as a basis for unifications of the fundamental forces which all together have become impossible to unify under the current framework of General relativity and Quantum Field theory.It is to be used as a piece for inspiring new innovations, discovering and exploring the terrains of the difficult pathways in physics where our modern physical theories have failed.This work is meant to be adapted and used by various physics professionals who are working on extending the frontiers of physics or providing solutions to problems that cannot be handled by current physics framework. In summary it is an inspirational tool that hopefully will help our professional in physics out there.It interpretations and applications is subject to the personal inspirations the reader who is a professional can derived from the work for his or her personal usage.

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the forefront disorder of the bone marrow among others that disrupt the normal production of blood cells and platelets. The bone marrow microenvironment or the bone marrow niche (BM niche) that orchestrates the proliferation and survival of Leukaemic stem cells (LSC) is the reason for relapse after complete remission and also chemotherapy drug resistance. As for most cancers oxidative phosphorylation, a fundamental mitochondrial process of energy production, is under focus for the treatment of AML and a novel strategy of targeting heat shock proteins appears as a promising route for further research.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a potent antimicrobial agent that has recently gained attention as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics. HOCl is produced by the human immune system in response to infection and is known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. It is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and has been shown to be more effective than many conventional antibiotics. One of the key advantages of HOCl is its ability to kill bacteria without promoting the development of antibiotic resistance. Unlike conventional antibiotics, which target specific bacterial structures or processes, HOCl acts by disrupting multiple cellular components, making it much more difficult for bacteria to develop resistance. Another advantage of HOCl is its safety profile. Unlike many conventional antibiotics, HOCl is not toxic to human cells and does not cause side effects such as gastrointestinal upset or allergic reactions. Overall, HOCl shows great promise as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics, particularly in the face of rising antibiotic resistance. With further research, it may become an important tool in the fight against infectious diseases. Herein, we discuss the mechanisms of HOCl antimicrobial action, its potential clinical applications, and future directions for research. This review aims to provide an overview of the use of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) as an antibiotic agent.

Background: Measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is as important as metabolic control in the management and prevention of diabetes-related complications. Aim: To describe the self-reported HRQOL outcomes in Ghanaian children and adolescents with T1DM compared with healthy controls and perceived HRQOL by caregivers.Setting: Out-patient clinics of the Departments of Child Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, Family Medicine, and Ophthalmology, the National Diabetes Management and Research Centre (all at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital), and the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH).Methods: Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants were documented. Participants completed the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Data analysis was done with SPSS Version 25.0. An unpaired t-test was used in comparing the HRQOL scores between children and adolescents with T1DM and controls, and parental proxy reports. Results: Fifty children and adolescents with T1DM, 50 parents/caregivers, and 80 healthy non-diabetic controls took part in this study. There was no significant difference in mean score between the patients and the caregivers for overall HRQOL (p = 0.270). Patients reported significantly worse overall HRQOL than their controls (p = 0.001). Males with diabetes reported better HRQOL than females (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Children and adolescents with T1DM and their parents/caregivers reported lower HRQOL scores compared to healthy controls. Males reported better HRQOL than females. Potential implications: HRQOL should be routinely assessed together with proxy reports from parents to identify those who might benefit from further attention including referral to a psychologist.

Between coronary artery anomalies, myocardial bridging means an epicardial coronary artery, mostly left anterior descending artery (LAD), running through an intramyocardial “tunnel” (usually in the middle segment), leading during systolic contraction, flow reduction, through the vessel. When this anomaly is associated with a coronary fistula, which “steals” more from the bloodstream, the symptoms are more pronounced, and the management complex is surgical in particular. Despite the presence from birth remains asymptomatic and it becomes clinically manifest later in the third to fourth decade of life, with a diverse palette of symptoms; angina, arrhythmias, and acute myocardial infarction up to sudden death. Diagnosis and particular management, medical, interventional, and surgical should avoid major cardiac complications and sudden death. We present two adult patients, with coronary artery bridging, one case associated with coronary artery fistula, LAD to pulmonary artery trunk, very symptomatic with surgical management, and the second only myocardial bridging controlled with medication and supervision.

This article contains modern data on the etiology, clinical presentation and treatment as well as the differential diagnosis of a rare dermatosis, Sneddon-Wilkinson disease.Clinical observation of subcorneal pustular dermatosis in a 68-year-old woman is reported. Histopathological examination played a key role in making the correct diagnosis. Treatment consisted of a physiotherapeutic approach (311 nm UVB phototherapy) in combination with systemic glucocorticosteroids (dexamethasone). This therapeutic approach (instead of dapsone therapy) can be used due to its relatively good safety profile.

Vacuum therapy has become a new option in the treatment of wounds in surgery. More recently this therapy has also been used as a treatment for anastomotic leakages in association or not to emergency surgery. The management of these devices should be familiar to all the staff in a surgical ward.

A survey was conducted in the agricultural farms in Dhulikhel Municipality, mid-hill, Kavre, Nepal aiming at assessing the status of agrobiodiversity with the purpose of understanding its role in food security taking altogether 133 farming households scattered in several settlements with lowland, upland, and home garden being the general agricultural land use systems. Biodiversity index: Shannon-Wiener Index was used to assess diversity of plant. The main purpose was to assess the farm agrobiodiversity and to find out whether biodiversity level has a direct link to household food self-sufficiency. For descriptive analysis frequency, percentage, mean and standard errors were used. In the case of inferential statistics independent sample t - test and binary logistic was used to find the odd ratio of practicing home garden. The result showed that the average landholding size was 0.66 ha/household with 0.37 ha, 0.3 ha, and 0.06 ha being upland, low land, and home garden, respectively. A total of 136 plant species were documented out of which 74 were the effective number of species in the study area. Among the used plants, fodder shared 27% of the total plant diversity followed by fruit (21%), vegetable (19%), medicinal plants (8%), pulses (8%), spices (7%), oilseeds (5%) and cereals (5%). Similarly, the mean livestock unit (LSU) was 2.65. The overall Shannon-Wiener Index was 4.30 indicating high diversity of species and 87.7% of the species were evenly distributed. The Index was higher for vegetable (3.11) followed by fruits (2.9) and fodder (2.85). Higher diversity was found in fodder trees in lowlands whereas vegetable species were more diverse in upland and home garden. Similarly, the Index was 4.29 in the upland whereas it was 4.078 in the home garden followed by 3.13 in the lowland. The evenness was 0.899, 0.87, and 0.74 in upland, home garden and lowland, respectively. Higher species diversity revealed that the site was rich in agrobiodiversity. A significant positive correlation (0.22) was observed between Shannon-Wiener Index and farming years. Similarly, positive correlation (0.33) was found between an increase in the level of agrobiodiversity and food self-sufficiency. The result demonstrated that increasing crop diversity increases the household’s ability towards food sufficiency implying the need for the formulation and implementation of efficient policy to conserve the agrobiodiversity at municipality as well as national levels.

In administrative and economic science, factor analysis models are essential for their explanatory capacity of institutional responses to risk events. The objective of this document was to contrast a model that explains the emergence of corporate governance dimensions in the face of the pandemic. An exploratory study was carried out based on a systematic review of the literature from 2020 to 2023, considering the search by keywords in Google scholar and Microsoft academic, as well as the judges from a public university in the center of Mexico. The results show that corporate identity explains the university’s response to the pandemic. In relation to the state of the art, the scope and limits of the model are discussed in other proposals.

mRNA drugs are synthesized using cell-free systems without complex and stringent manufacturing processes, which makes their preparation simple, efficient, and economical. Over the past few years, mRNAs encoding antibodies have been one of the research frontiers of antibody drug development. In cancer immunotherapy, mRNAs encoding immune checkpoint antibodies may be advantageous regarding antibody persistence and durability of the anti-tumor immune response of patients. In our previous study, a candidate antibody—AET2010—targeting the novel immune checkpoint TIGIT was reported. Its anti-tumor activity was also investigated using adoptive transfer of NK-92MI cells in a xenograft mouse model, but the limitations of the model did not facilitate precise evaluation. In the present study, we further investigated the therapeutic potential of AET2010 for cancer in TIGIT-humanized BALB/c mice. Next, we explored the design, synthesis, and optimization of mRNAs encoding AET2010 and ultimately obtained a candidate mRNA (mRNA-BU) with favorable in vitro and in vivo expression levels of active AET2010. Particularly, lipid-nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA-BU delivered to mice produced AET2010 with significantly higher peak concentration and expression duration than an equivalent dose of original AET2010. This study provides a sound basis for developing novel drugs targeting TIGIT.

There is an urgent need for predictive preclinical models to enhance the success rate of clinical trial outcomes. One of the main reasons for drug attrition is the lack of translational models, methods using human cells are particularly in the spotlight of regulatory bodies as they offer an alternative to in vivo studies and have the potential to improve the translational of preclinical trials. Organs-on-Chips (OoCs) are sensible candidates to reduce the cost and the ethical burden of animal models while accelerating and de-risking drug development. The innovation of such systems is based on both the increased relevance of the cells used and the ability to build precise, yet physiologically relevant, complex architectures. The use of microfluidic technologies with human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) opens new routes to create relevant in vitro approaches as they will soon be able to reproduce clinical characteristics of donors or specific populations. The adoption of OoC models by pharmaceutical industries, and in fine by regulatory agencies, still requires: (i) establishing standardized, reproducible, robust, and replicable cell culture protocols with specific validation and characterization criteria, (ii) evidence that the technology predicts human responses, thus allowing to contribute efficiently and reliably to clinical trials success of novel therapeutics, and (iii) evidence that the models refine and reduce animal testing without compromising with the quality and the pertinence of the data generated.

In engineering, all moving rotating objects exhibit gyroscopic effects resulting from the action of an external torque on a rotating object. Gyroscopic effects are the action of a set of inertial moments and movements of an object around three axes of a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. Moments of inertia are created by centrifugal and Coriolis forces, as well as the moment of change in angular momentum, which is expressed by their kinetic energy. The values of the moments of inertia directly depend on the speed of rotation of the object and its rotation around the axes. A short-term effect of an external load on a running gyroscope with displaced support can be manifested by its oscillations. The physics of gyroscope oscillations is not well explained in publications. This article describes the oscillations of a gyroscope by the action of the external torque which is its potential energy converting into kinetic energy of the inertial torques of the gyroscope. The conversion is carried out by the principle of mechanical energy conservation which is the same as for oscillations of a spring with a load.

Gliomas are known to be one of the most grievous malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors and have a high mortality rate with a low survival rate severe disability and increase risk of recurrence. Aim of his study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in differentiating low-grade and high-grade gliomas, taking histopathology as the gold standard. It is a Cross-sectional validation study conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, (AFIRI) Rawalpindi, Pakistan from 28th February 2022 to 27th August 2022.Materials and methods: A total of 215 patients with focal brain lesions of age 25-65 years of either gender were included. Patients with a cardiac pacemaker, breastfeeding females, de-myelinating lesions and malignant infiltrates, and renal failure were excluded. Then diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed on each patient by using a 1.5 Tesla MR system. The area of greatest diffusion restriction (lowest ADC) within the solid tumor component was identified while avoiding areas of peritumoral edema. Results of ADC were interpreted by a consultant radiologist (at least 5 years of post-fellowship experience) for high or low-grade glioma. After this, each patient has undergone a biopsy in the concerned ward, and histopathology results were compared with ADC findings. Results: Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in differentiating low- and high-grade gliomas, taking histopathology as the gold standard was 93.65%, 87.64%, 91.47%, 90.70% and 91.16% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is the non-invasive modality of choice with high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating low- and high-grade gliomas.