case report

Invasive Magnusiomyces Capitatus Infection in a Patient Followed for Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia: A Case Report

Published on: 29th April, 2025

Magnusiomyces capitatus is a rare cause of invasive fungal infection in immuno-compromised patients. We report the case of magnusiomyces infection of the central nervous system, the lungs and sinus with a palatal lesion, in a patient treated for acute myeloid leukemia. While Magnusiomyces infections pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, a comprehensive understanding of their epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and microbiological aspects is essential to guide effective management. The patient improved under antifungal treatments despite a reduced sensitivity of the different antifungals to the antifungogram. The important delays between chemotherapy cycles and its reduced intensity due to the Magnusiomyces infection has made managing the anticancer treatment more challenging.
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the External Auditory Canal in Previously Treated Case of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Parotid Gland

Published on: 1st May, 2025

Malignant neoplasms of the external auditory canal, middle and inner ear are rare. This anatomically complex region generates complicated three-dimensional specimens that can be a challenge for macroscopic and microscopic assessment [1]. The most common cause of malignancy involving the EAC and temporal bone is extension of cutaneous malignancy of pinna. Rare occurrences have been described in association with CSOM and sporadic cases arising in previously irradiated fields for the treatment of other head and neck cancers. The tissue diagnosis is relatively straightforward; however staging is a complex task that is best approached with consideration of clinical, radiological, and pathological findings [2].
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Investigation of Bronchoscopy Associated Pseudo-infections

Published on: 6th May, 2025

Introduction: Bronchoscopy could lead to local spread of pre-existing infection, spread of infection from one patient to another if the bronchoscope is disinfected inadequately, or, isolation of microorganisms from bronchoscopic specimens in a patient who is clinically not infected, i.e., pseudo-infection. This study is one such investigation of an outbreak of bronchoscopic pseudo-infections in a tertiary care hospital.Materials and methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were inoculated onto MacConkey Agar and 5% Sheep Blood Agar and incubated at 37 °C overnight. The growths obtained on culture media were processed for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility on Vitek 2 Compact as per manufacturer’s instructions. To investigate the outbreak, 5 mL - 10 mL of sterile water was flushed through the channels of disinfected bronchoscope and collected in a sterile container. The samples were centrifuged and inoculated onto MacConkey Agar and 5% Sheep Blood Agar. The growths obtained were further processed similarly as the BAL samples were processed. Environmental swabs collected from the bronchoscopy unit were also processed as the procedure mentioned above.Results: Bronchoalveolar lavage of 3 patients in a period of 1 week were contaminated with multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Two out of five bronchoscope fluid samples were also contaminated with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Among the swabs collected from bronchoscope unit, Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from the detergent box of the endowasher. Conclusion: The risk of propagation of infection via a bronchoscope can be evaded by proper reprocessing and improving the sterilization practices. 
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Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin-A Injections in Masticatory Muscles for the Management of Bruxism: A Clinical Perspective

Published on: 21st May, 2025

Bruxism, characterized by involuntary, repetitive jaw-muscle activity including clenching and grinding of teeth, can lead to significant dental and muscular complications. Conventional treatments—such as occlusal splints and behavioral therapy-may not fully address muscular hyperactivity. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A), a neurotoxin that inhibits acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, has emerged as a promising therapeutic option. This article reviews clinical studies regarding the efficacy of BoNT-A injections into masticatory muscles for bruxism management, with a focus on clinical outcomes, safety, and practical considerations.
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A Short Synthesis Concerning Biological Effects and Equivalent Doses in Radiotherapy

Published on: 15th April, 2017

The limits of classical equivalent computation based on time, dose, and fractionation (TDF) and linear quadratic models have been known for a long time. Medical physicists and physicians are required to provide fast and reliable interpretations regarding the delivered doses or any future prescriptions relating to treatment changes. In this letter, we propose an outline related to the different models usable for equivalent and biological doses that are likely to be the most appropriate. The used methodology is based on: the linear-quadratic-linear model of Astrahan, the repopulation effects of Dale, and the prediction of multi-fractionated treatments of Thames.
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Pulmonary Pleomorphic Carcinoma: A Rare Entity Revisited!

Published on: 4th June, 2025

Introduction: Pleomorphic Carcinoma (PC) is a subset of poorly differentiated non–small cell lung cancer that is diagnostically challenging because it is a rare malignancy of the lung. It shows varying dual-cell components; spindle or giant cells and epithelial cells.Method: We report a case of 68-year-old non-smoking female who presented with cough, fever, pain in the left side of chest & weight loss of recent onset and an abnormal shadow on her chest X-ray. Computed tomography of chest revealed a well defined heterogeneously enhancing cavitatory soft tissue lesion in the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe with mediastinal lymphadenopathy.Results: Fine needle aspiration cytology& percutaneous lung biopsy confirmed poorly differentiated malignant tumor. Patient underwent a left lower lobectomy. A diagnosis of PC was confirmed after Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Mutation analysis revealed an EGFR exon 21 mutation within the tumor cells. The patient is on Gefitinib based chemotherapy and has remained disease-free for three years post-surgery.Conclusion: PC of the lung is a rare pathological entity. Definite diagnosis may only be made on a resected tumor along with the use of IHC. Surgical resection is the main modality of the treatment. Such rare cases should be documented to establish an optimal management plan and to provide a further insight to targeted therapy.
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