Development of a Web-based Tomato Plant Disease Detection and Diagnosis System using Transfer Learning Techniques
Published on: 13th September, 2024
A significant obstacle to agricultural productivity that jeopardizes the availability of food is crop diseases and farmer livelihoods by reducing crop yields. Traditional visual assessment methods for disease diagnosis are effective but complex, often requiring expert observers. Recent advancements in deep learning indicate the potential for increasing accuracy and automating disease identification. Developing accessible diagnostic tools, such as web applications leveraging CNNs, can provide farmers with efficient and accurate disease identification, especially in regions with limited access to advanced diagnostic technologies. The main goal is to develop a productive system that can recognize tomato plant diseases. The model was trained on a collection of images of healthy and damaged tomato leaves from PlantVillage using transfer learning techniques. The images from the dataset were cleansed by resizing them from 256 × 256 to 224 × 224 to match the dimensions used in pre-trained models using min-max normalization. An evaluation of VGG16, VGG19, and DenseNet121 models based on performance accuracy and loss value for 7 categories of tomatoes guided the selection of the most effective model for practical application. VGG16 achieved 84.54% accuracy, VGG19 achieved 84.62%, and DenseNet121 achieved 98.28%, making DenseNet121 the chosen model due to its highest performance accuracy. The web application development based on the DenseNet121 architecture was integrated using the Django web framework, which is built on Python. This enables real-time disease diagnosis for uploaded images of tomato leaves. The proposed system allows early detection and diagnosis of tomato plant diseases, helping to mitigate crop losses. This supports sustainable farming practices and increases agricultural productivity.
Understanding and Managing Caesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy: A Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors, Strategies, and Outcomes
Published on: 31st October, 2024
Objective: Caesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancies (CSEP) pose distinct diagnostic and management challenges. This study investigates the risk factors, treatment options, and outcomes for CSEP cases treated at Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh.Methods: Over a two-year period, medical records of 28 patients with CSEP were reviewed, collecting data on patient demographics, obstetric history, and treatment outcomes. This analysis aimed to identify influential risk factors and assess the effectiveness of various management strategies.Results: Treatment success was achieved in 85.7% of cases, with Methotrexate (MTX) proving effective in over half of the cases. The findings suggest significant risk factors and best practices for managing this rare condition.Conclusion: Early detection, risk factor awareness, and tailored treatment strategies are key to optimizing outcomes in patients with CSEP.
Analysing Average Glandular Dose: A Comprehensive Study Comparing Digital Breast Tomosynthesis with Full-Field Digital Mammography in Oman
Published on: 31st March, 2025
Background: Full-field Digital Mammography (FFDM) is essential for the early detection of breast cancer. Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) has improved cancer diagnosis and reduced false positives in mammography . This study evaluated DRLs for FFDM and DBT at various ranges of Compressed Breast Thickness (CBT).Material and methods: We evaluated the parameters like Average Glandular Dose (AGD), kVp, mAs, Entrance Surface Dose (ESD), and CBT in a retrospective analysis of FFDM and DBT. We computed the mean, median, range, and 75th percentile for Craniocaudal (CC) and Mediolateral Oblique (MLO) views at various breast thicknesses.Results: The DRLs were 0.70 mGy to 2.55 mGy for FFDM and 0.94 mGy to 3.67 mGy for DBT for breast thickness in the range from 20 mm to 89 mm.Conclusion: This analysis revealed that DRLs were significantly lower than international benchmarks . Mammography radiation dose optimisation enhances diagnostic accuracy and patient safety.
Cystoid Macular Oedema Secondary to Bimatoprost in a Patient with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Published on: 7th April, 2025
Cystoid Macular Oedema (CMO) is a condition characterized by fluid accumulation in the macular region of the retina, leading to the formation of cyst-like spaces. This edema often results in visual impairment and is associated with various ocular and systemic conditions, including surgery, inflammation, or medication use. The authors present a case where Cystoid Macular Oedema (CMO) occurred after commencing topical bimatoprost in a pseudophakic patient with primary open angle glaucoma. The macular oedema was treated effectively with a combination of non-steroidal and steroidal topical drops. This case report shows a possible correlation between bimatoprost and CMO, in a patient with no recent confounding risk factors known to contribute to CMO . The recommendation from this report is that all patients treated with topical bimatoprost drops should have a baseline macula OCT examination and a repeated OCT examination 8 weeks after initiation of treatment, to facilitate early detection of CMO.
Forensic Science in Pediatric Dentistry: Collect Preserve & Analyse: A Review
Published on: 23rd April, 2025
Dentistry has much to offer in the detection and solution of crime or civil proceedings. Forensic dentistry requires an interdisciplinary knowledge of dental science, and it is the role of the Forensic Odontologist to establish a person's identity. Teeth, with their physiologic variations, pathosis record information that remains throughout life and beyond. Forensic Odontology has an important role in the recognition of abuse among children. Teeth may also be used as a weapon against children, and physical evidence such as DNA, bite marks, fingerprints may objectively link suspects to a crime and develop important investigative leads. Gender identification and sex determination by analyzing the pulp tissue in primary teeth can be regarded as an effective tool in providing valuable forensic information. The rights of children and their aspirations are of paramount importance, and the Pediatric dentist can contribute immensely to the field of Forensic Odontology in providing justice to these unfortunate children.
Detection of Transferrin Oxidative Modification In vitro and In vivo by Mass Spectrometry. Hereditary Hemochromatosis is a Model
Published on: 27th May, 2025
Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH) is an inherited recessive autosomal disorder characterized by the accumulation of excess iron. When iron-binding proteins become saturated, concentrations of free or Non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) rise, a condition thought to be responsible for the adverse effects associated with HH. To investigate whether disturbing iron homeostasis plays a role in free radical injury in HH, protein carbonyls were found to be 1-7 times higher in patients with HH than in controls, with the greatest increases observed in untreated HH patients with high ferritin and > 90% transferrin saturation with iron. An unpaired t-test revealed a p value of 0.0278 (p < 0.05), which is considered statistically significant.In vitro oxidation of transferrin standards with hydrogen peroxide and excess iron, followed by immobilized trypsin digestion (Poroszyme), high-resolution LC-MS/MS analysis (Q-TOF Ultima, Waters), and MS/MS data processing (PEAKS, Bioinformatics Solution), identified several tryptic peptides containing oxidized Methionine (Met), Tryptophan (Trp), and Histidine (His) residues. Using the same methodology, oxidized residues were subsequently detected in transferrin isolated from plasma samples of patients severely affected by HH. Comparison of MS/MS spectra of in vitro oxidized samples with the most fragment ion peaks in common with oxidized peptide MS/MS spectra from patient samples revealed a strong correlation between the two. These data show that elevated NTBI may be involved in the oxidative modification of transferrin and that such modifications may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of HH.
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