diazepam

Update on Phenobarbital for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome in Intensive Care

  • Rukma Parthvi* and Parker Agne

Published on: 22nd July, 2019

OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 8206683605

Alcohol abuse is a global health problem. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) ranges from mild to severe symptoms that can lead to fatal delirium tremens requiring ICU admission and incurring high health care cost as high as $20,000 a month. The latest published reports suggest that phenobarbital is a promising therapeutic option for management of AWS as evidenced by less ICU admissions, length of stay in hospital, use of adjunctive agents, health care costs and attention from the nursing staff than that of patients treated with commonly used benzodiazepines such as lorazepam, diazepam, and chlordiazepoxide. Phenobarbital is beneficial for the treatment of AWS, both in the emergency and inpatient settings and both as monotherapy or in conjunction with benzodiazepines. It is safe for patients without severe hepatic impairment, has a better mechanism of action and longer half-life than benzodiazepines, and leads to less delirium and agitation. Powered randomized controlled trials with large populations are required, yet phenobarbital can be used to safely to treat AWS.
Cite this ArticleCrossMarkPublonsHarvard Library HOLLISGrowKudosResearchGateBase SearchOAI PMHAcademic MicrosoftScilitSemantic ScholarUniversite de ParisUW LibrariesSJSU King LibrarySJSU King LibraryNUS LibraryMcGillDET KGL BIBLiOTEKJCU DiscoveryUniversidad De LimaWorldCatVU on WorldCat
AbstractDOI: 10.29328/journal.jcicm.1001023Read Full Article HTMLRead Full Article PDF

Diazepam Withdrawal Expression is related to Hippocampal NOS-1 Upregulation

  • Emilce Artur de la Villarmois, María Florencia Constantin, Claudia Bregonzio and Mariela Fernanda Pérez*

Published on: 8th January, 2018

OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 7325438145

Background: Benzodiazepines are usually prescribed for anxiety and sleep disorders in a long-term fashion that may cause drug dependence. Discontinuation after prolonged administration may lead to withdrawal expression, being anxiety the most predominant sign. It has been described that a context-dependent associative learning process underlies diazepam dependence. Nitric oxide is a crucial player in learning and memory processes, hippocampal transmission, as well as in benzodiazepines withdrawal. Considering that previous results from our laboratory showed an increase in hippocampal functional plasticity only in diazepam dependent rats, the aim of the present investigation is to determine whether diazepam dependence could alter neuronal nitric oxide synthase enzyme (NOS-1) expression within the hippocampus, by using western blot. Results: chronic diazepam-treated animals that developed dependence showed increase in NOS-1 expression in dorsal, but not in ventral hippocampus, while no-dependent or control animals presented similar NOS-1 protein levels. Conclusion: withdrawal from long-term diazepam exposure could be associated to increased nitric oxide neurotransmission within dorsal hippocampus induced by NOS-1 over-expression. This mechanism could underlie the improved hippocampal synaptic transmission previously observed in diazepam withdrawn animals. Confirmatory experiments need to be addressed to determine the mechanisms by which nitric oxide participates in benzodiazepines withdrawal in order find new molecular targets to develop pharmacological tools to prevent the withdrawal syndrome
Cite this ArticleCrossMarkPublonsHarvard Library HOLLISGrowKudosResearchGateBase SearchOAI PMHAcademic MicrosoftScilitSemantic ScholarUniversite de ParisUW LibrariesSJSU King LibrarySJSU King LibraryNUS LibraryMcGillDET KGL BIBLiOTEKJCU DiscoveryUniversidad De LimaWorldCatVU on WorldCat
AbstractDOI: 10.29328/journal.hps.1001006Read Full Article HTMLRead Full Article PDF

Search by University/Institution

Enter your University/Institution to find colleagues at HSPI.

Ensuring author's satisfaction with

  • Friendly and hassle-free publication process
  • Less production time of articles
  • Constructive peer-review
  • Enhancing journal reputation
  • Regular feedback system
  • Quick response to authors' queries

Read More

Most Viewed Keywords

All Issues in 2025

Search Articles by Country

Get all latest articles in all Heighten Science Publications Inc journals by country.

Testmonials

"An amazing experience with the Journal of Advanced Pediatrics and Child Health. Very fast blind review with pertinent corrections and suggestions. I highly recommand both the journal and the editor."

Chaimae Khairoun

I am glad to submit the article to Heighten Science Publications as it has a very smooth and fast peer-review process, which enables the researchers to communicate their work on time.

Anupam M

I hope to ability to make some new investigation and publish in Your Company in future.

Artur Stopyra

I would like to thank this journal for publishing my Research Article. Something I really appreciate about this journal is, they did not take much time from the day of Submission to the publishing dat...

Ayush Chandra

“Mobile apps and wearable technology are becoming ubiquitous in our environment. Their integration with healthcare delivery is just beginning to take shape. The early results are promising and the...

BS, PharmD., MBA, CPHIMS, FHIMSS, Adjunct Professo...

Helen Figge

I really liked the ease of submitting my manuscript in the HSPI journal. Further, the peer review was timely completed and I was communicated the final decision on my manuscript within 10 days of subm...

Abu Bashar

We thank to the heighten science family, who speed up the publication of our article and provide every support.

Mehmet Besir

Submission of paper was smooth, the review process was fast. I had excellent communication and on time response from the editor.

Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Ayokunle Dada

Once I submitted the manuscript, the response time of the reviewers was very fast. The fine-tuning of the galley proof was likewise prompt. I believe the journal provide a valuable outlet to dissemina...

Alon

“The choice to submit the forensic case study to the Journal of Addiction Therapy and Research was dictated by the match between the content and the potential readership. The publication process pro...

Ph.D, Boston University Department of Communicatio...

Elisabeth H. Wiig

View More

Browse by Subjects

Biology Group Journals

Chemistry Group Journals

Pharma Group Journals

Mathematics & Physics Group Journals

Engineering Group Journals

Clinical Group Journals

Medical Group Journals

Help ?

HSPI: We're glad you're here. Please click "create a new Query" if you are a new visitor to our website and need further information from us.

If you are already a member of our network and need to keep track of any developments regarding a question you have already submitted, click "take me to my Query."