Hyperthermia and Breast cancer: A short review
Published on: 17th October, 2017
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 7286427114
The main goal of hyperthermia is to elevate the tumor temperature to kill tumor cells and improve local control. The usage of hyperthermia is combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Hyperthermia is delivered in different types of cancers like breast cancer, melanoma and sarcoma. Breast cancer treatment enroll surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy. Hyperthermia is given once or twice a week concomitantly with radiotherapy or chemotherapy. This short review will enlight the types, physics, and the results of hyperthermia especially in the management of breast cancer therapy.
Primary anal malignant melanoma: A case report
Published on: 15th April, 2020
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 8592936931
Anal melanoma is a rare and highly aggressive mucosal melanocytic malignancy. It is the third most common after melanomas of the skin and retina. The peak incidence in seen in the sixth and seventh decades. The clinical symptoms are pain, anal mass, bleeding per rectum, tenesmus or change in the bowel habits. It affects anal canal, rectum or both with a tendency to spread along submucosal planes. It is mostly beyond complete resection at the time of diagnosis and majority of patients die of metastasis. MR imaging significantly increases the diagnosis of anal melanoma in its early stages.
Vaginal and endometrial metastasis of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma
Published on: 16th September, 2020
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 8691249999
Intraepidermal Injections of Autologous Epidermal Cell Suspension: A new promising approach to Dermatological Disorders. Preliminary Study
Published on: 7th December, 2017
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 7317627578
Regenerative medicine is a modern approach of dermatological treatment, using Epidermal Cells of the interfollicular epidermis (ESCs) for their effect in skin regeneration in chronic ulcers and burns, melanoma, vitiligo, junctional epidermolysis bullosa. Intraepidermal injections of autologous epidermal cell suspension can be a new and very promising treatment for many other cutaneous disorders as non-scarring alopecia (Alopecia Areata, Androgenic Alopecia) or scarring alopecia (Lichern Plano Pilaris alopecia, Discoid Lupus Erithematosus alopecia), anti-aging therapies. The intraepidermal injection of an autologous epidermal cell suspension is a simple, fast and safe surgical procedure: a small, thin portion of the epidermis of the patient undergoes a treatment where a suspension with all the cells collected from the epidermis and cultured for 7 days is injected into the skin. Our preliminary study shows that a suspension contains a significant number of viable cells that survive at day 7 in culture.
Our research is ongoing and is focusing on the typing of the different cells in the suspension and evaluation of the presence and the nature of stem cells.
We may need to reconsider when to apply sunscreen in our daily life
Published on: 22nd October, 2019
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 8299748488
Broad-spectrum sunscreens are now widely used worldwide as an adjunct to help prevent sunburn, skin cancers and premature skin aging. In the United States, all persons older than 6 months are recommended to apply sunscreen to all sun-exposed skin from toes to head except eyes and mouth even on cloudy days. Such a recommendation is apparently based on concepts that exposure to sunlight damages the skin, the damage is cumulative and hence any sun exposure should be minimized or prevented. This communication raises several questions suggesting that the above recommendation may need to be reconsidered. For example, numerous previous studies have indicated many potential health benefits from non-burning sun exposure including protection against sunburn, melanoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer, increasing vitamin D synthesis, helping sleep, reducing blood pressure, heart attack and stroke. Recent studies suggested that regular lifetime non-burning sun exposure may not result in premature skin aging and the skin aging is mainly caused by the intrinsic factor. Skin aging or whole-body aging has been recently postulated to be mainly attributed to a gradual reduction in cardiac output/index with age and a new anti-aging or age-reversing nutritional theory has been proposed. An apparent lack of long-term cumulative sunray damage was also supported by reported age independence in incidences of sunburn and skin cancers. It is of interest that the current US policy is different from that of World Health Organization and Australia recommending the need of sun protection only when UV Index is 3 or greater. In view of the above, some general guidelines regarding when to best apply sunscreen are proposed.
Nanometer-scale distribution of PD-1 in the melanoma tumor microenvironment
Published on: 10th May, 2023
The nanometer-scale spatial organization of immune receptors plays a role in cell activation and suppression. While the connection between this spatial organization and cell signaling events is emerging from cell culture experiments, how these results translate to more physiologically relevant settings like the tumor microenvironment remains poorly understood due to the challenges of high-resolution imaging in vivo. Here we perform super-resolution immunofluorescence microscopy of human melanoma tissue sections to examine the spatial organization of the immune checkpoint inhibitor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). We show that PD-1 exhibits a variety of organizations ranging from nanometer-scale clusters to more uniform membrane labeling. Our results demonstrate the capability of super-resolution imaging to examine the spatial organization of immune checkpoint markers in the tumor microenvironment, suggesting a future direction for both clinical and immunology research.
Acute Inflammatory Reaction After Radiotherapy to Bilateral Orbital Metastasis from Melanoma
Published on: 15th September, 2023
Orbital melanoma is a subtype of periocular melanoma that can present from primary, secondary (arising from local invasion), or metastatic disease [1]. Melanoma metastasis to the orbit is rare with the majority of metastases occurring in subcutaneous tissue, nonregional lymph nodes, lungs, liver, brain, and bone [2]. Despite melanoma being relatively radioresistant, radiation therapy can be considered in an adjuvant or palliative setting [3]. In the palliative setting specifically, radiation therapy is highly effective in alleviating symptoms due to mass effect [3]. However, significant ocular and orbital complications may occur as a direct result of radiation therapy.
A Case of Catastrophic Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Unresponsive to Eculizumab and the use of Ravulizumab Off-label
Published on: 5th October, 2023
“A 40-year-old woman with melanoma, under treatment with Dabrafenib and Trametinib, was evaluated in our hospital for rapidly progressive deterioration of renal function”. 8 months before the current admission, the patient had been diagnosed with melanoma, and underwent radical surgery and subsequent therapy with Dabrafenib and Trametinib.After 5 months of therapy, the patient was brought to this hospital for precordial pain, with a diagnosis of myopericarditis, therapy was started for heart failure with a good response. However, the patient developed a progressive impairment of renal function, associated with hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. The peripheral smear showed the presence of schistocytes.The suspicion of atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) was confirmed by the assay of C5B-9 induced by serum on endothelial cells, which showed a deposition of 331%, treatment with Eculizumab was initiated.After 3 administrations the patient did not improve, with further worsening of the hemolytic condition, and progression of renal damage.Due to the failure of Eculizumab, we considered the use of Ravulizumab. However, in Italy only can be administered to patients in Eculizumab stable treatment for at least three months. Nevertheless, faced with the catastrophic condition, it was decided to shift the therapy and use off-label Ravulizumab. After 10 days of the first administration, the laboratory tests showed a continuous rise in the values of haptoglobin, platelets, and hemoglobin, and a decrease in LDH. The renal function failed to return to normal values but after 20 days of therapy with Ravulizumab, there was complete resolution of the hemolytic condition.
Case Series of Metastatic Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma to the Gallbladder and the First Reported Case of Metachronous Adenocarcinoma of the Colon
Published on: 18th January, 2024
Two female patients in their fifties with a previous history of cutaneous malignant melanoma were found during follow-up to have a 'hot' lesion in the gallbladder on a Positron Emission Tomography scan. Imaging showed a gallbladder polyp. Histology revealed infiltration of the polyp mucosa by metastatic malignant melanoma. One case had a BRAF mutation. A male in his 70s was found on a staging computed tomography scan to have a suspicious intraluminal lesion in the gallbladder and thickening of the sigmoid colon. Subsequent histology confirmed metastatic malignant melanoma in the chest wall and to the gallbladder and adenocarcinoma in the colon. Molecular testing showed BRAF mutation. The metachronous adenocarcinoma in the colon was mismatch repair protein proficient and had no KRAS mutation. Histology from all cases showed that metastatic malignant melanoma to the gallbladder is superficial.Discussion: Reports from autopsy examinations revealed that metastasis from malignant melanoma to the gallbladder can be up to 15% - 20%. Most patients have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic which explains the paucity of cases reported in living patients within the published literature. Most of the previous reports showed the metastatic malignant melanoma to the gallbladder presented macroscopically as a polyploidal lesion. Conclusion: Our histological observation and previous reports showed that metastatic malignant melanoma in the gallbladder tends to be superficial. All our cases show no lymphatic or vascular invasion in the histological examination as previously published reports, however, the hematological spread is the most commonly suggested mechanism of spread.
Fatal Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Myocarditis Mimicking Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy in a 54-year-old Woman with Metastatic Melanoma
Published on: 4th June, 2024
Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have significantly improved cancer treatment outcomes, but cardiovascular complications such as ICI-associated myocarditis are a major concern. Diagnosing myocarditis requires integrating biomarkers, electrocardiogram (EKG), cardiac imaging, and endomyocardial biopsy. We present a case illustrating these diagnostic challenges, involving a female patient treated with pembrolizumab who developed fatal acute myocarditis mimicking infiltrative cardiomyopathy.Case report: A 54-year-old woman with mucosal melanoma, treated with pembrolizumab, was hospitalized in May 2023 due to dyspnea and elevated troponin levels. Initial cardiac workups were normal, but subsequent tests revealed borderline cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings. In late May 2023, the patient was admitted with worsening dyspnea, elevated NT-pro-BNP, and severe hyperlactatemia. Imaging and endomyocardial biopsy confirmed acute myocarditis with atypical presentation, mimicking infiltrative cardiomyopathy. Despite aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, the patient’s condition deteriorated, resulting in cardiogenic shock and death seven days post-admission.Conclusion: This case underscores the diagnostic and management challenges of ICI-associated myocarditis, particularly with atypical presentations. It highlights the need for vigilant, comprehensive monitoring and further research to improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing these severe side effects in patients undergoing ICI therapy.
Metastatic Brain Melanoma: A Rare Case with Review of Literature
Published on: 12th April, 2025
Melanoma is a highly malignant neoplasm arising from melanocytes, which are melanin-producing neural crest cells primarily located in the basal layer of the epidermis, making cutaneous melanoma the most common subtype. However, melanocytes are also found in other anatomical locations, and primary non-cutaneous melanomas, though rare, have been documented. Due to the aggressive nature of this malignancy, it carries a poor prognosis, particularly because it tends to metastasize to various, often atypical, sites. Recognizing these variable presentations is essential for timely diagnosis. Here, we report a rare case of metastatic brain melanoma in a young female and review the relevant literature, highlighting the importance of imaging in identification.
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