mineralocorticoids

Evolution of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Gender Difference in Cardiovascular Pathology

  • Alessandro Zuccalà*

Published on: 28th January, 2025

Retracing the evolution of Mineralocorticoid Receptors (MR) obliges us to take an instructive as well as fascinating leap back in time. This journey teaches us that the relationship between MRs and what we consider their natural ligand, aldosterone, has not always been an exclusive one. MRs operated for a very long time in the oceans and, in any case, in an aquatic environment, stimulated by ligands other than aldosterone, and exercising functions that we still do not know well but which were certainly different from those they currently perform in terrestrial vertebrates, where they maintain normal sodium and body fluids. The history of MRs was initially intertwined with that of female sexual hormones, in particular with progesterone, which was one of the first agonists for MRs, before becoming, with the transition to the terrestrial environment, an important antagonist. This initial intertwining could be the cause of the sexual dimorphism that can be glimpsed when these receptors are overstimulated, as emerges from many experimental studies and some clinical data and/or when antagonistic drugs for these receptors are studied. This must be taken into account in the planning of clinical studies, especially randomized controlled trials, in which the presence of the two sexes must always be well balanced and in the interpretation of the results which must always be performed being well aware of the gender of participants. This does not always happen, however.
Cite this ArticleCrossMarkPublonsHarvard Library HOLLISGrowKudosResearchGateBase SearchOAI PMHAcademic MicrosoftScilitSemantic ScholarUniversite de ParisUW LibrariesSJSU King LibrarySJSU King LibraryNUS LibraryMcGillDET KGL BIBLiOTEKJCU DiscoveryUniversidad De LimaWorldCatVU on WorldCat
AbstractDOI: 10.29328/journal.jccm.1001204Read Full Article HTMLRead Full Article PDF

Search by University/Institution

Enter your University/Institution to find colleagues at HSPI.

Ensuring author's satisfaction with

  • Friendly and hassle-free publication process
  • Less production time of articles
  • Constructive peer-review
  • Enhancing journal reputation
  • Regular feedback system
  • Quick response to authors' queries

Read More

Most Viewed Keywords

All Issues in 2025

Search Articles by Country

Get all latest articles in all Heighten Science Publications Inc journals by country.

Testmonials

It was a real pleasure working with your team. The review was done fast, and it was very clear, the editing was flawless, the article was published quickly compared to other journals, and everyone w...

Alexandra Cozma

It has been a fabulous journey writing articles for your journal because of the encouragement you people provide for writers from developing nations like India. Kindly continue the same. Looking forwa...

Badareesh Lakshminarayana

“Mobile apps and wearable technology are becoming ubiquitous in our environment. Their integration with healthcare delivery is just beginning to take shape. The early results are promising and the...

BS, PharmD., MBA, CPHIMS, FHIMSS, Adjunct Professo...

Helen Figge

I would like to thank JPRA for taking this decision. I understand the effort it represents for you. I'm truly happy to have the paper published in JPRA. And I'll certainly consider JPRA for my next pu...

Emmanuel BUSATO

In my opinion, you provide a very fast and practical service.

Ahmet Eroglu

We really appreciate your efforts towards our article, the professional way you handle our request for exemption from charges. It was a great honor for us to publish in your magazine.

Achraf elbakkaly

The service from the journal staff has been excellent.

Andy Smith

I am delighted and satisfied with. Heighten Science Publications as my manuscript was thoroughly assessed and published on time without delay. Keep up the good work.

Ido-Ekiti/Afe Babalola University, Nigeria

Dr. Shuaib Kayode Aremu

Publishing an article is a long process, but working with your publication department made things go smoothly, even though the process took exactly 5 months from the time of submitting the article til...

Anas Diab

Really good service with prompt response. Looking forward to having long lasting relationship with your journal

Avishek Bagchi

View More

Browse by Subjects

Biology Group Journals

Chemistry Group Journals

Pharma Group Journals

Mathematics & Physics Group Journals

Engineering Group Journals

Clinical Group Journals

Medical Group Journals

Help ?

HSPI: We're glad you're here. Please click "create a new Query" if you are a new visitor to our website and need further information from us.

If you are already a member of our network and need to keep track of any developments regarding a question you have already submitted, click "take me to my Query."