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Purpose: Lipolysis is regulated by lipolytic hormones, like insulin, cortisol, growth Hormone (GH), and catecholamines. Unregulated lipolysis results in the accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs), leading to dysfunction of cells and death. Thus, the main aim of this study was to determine the effects of interval and traditional resistance exercise on hormonal control of adipose-tissue lipolysis in healthy young men.Methods: Twelve healthy males (Mean ± SD; age, 25.5 ± 3.1 years; Body mass index, 24.2 ± 2.0 kg/m2) performed tradition resistance exercise (TRE) at 80% of 1RM (3 sets of 6 repetitions) with 2 min passive recovery, and an interval resistance exercise (IRE) trial at 60% of 1RM (3 sets of 6 repetitions) followed by active recovery (1 set of 6 repetitions at 20% of 1RM). Three blood samples were taken before and immediately after exercise, and after one-hour recovery and were analyzed to measure epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and GH. Results: Statistical analyses of the data revealed that concentrations of cortisol and GH increased in response to resistance exercise and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) during the recovery period. Although there were no significant differences between the two protocols for cortisol concentration, GH increases following IRE were profoundly higher than TRE protocol. Epinephrine and norepinephrine increased (p < 0.05) in response to both resistance exercise trials, though, no between-group differences were found for these variables. Conclusion: The results of our study showed increases in GH, cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine in two resistance exercise protocols which may lead to increases in fat oxidation.

In the context of the global pandemic, public health screening has become paramount as the whole world including developed countries is going through a health crisis. A face mask prevents transpiration and protects against airborne transmitted bacteria or viruses. In the previous scenario of coronavirus, it was critical to eradicate this sickness and preserve our lives. Hence, prevention is better than cure becomes true. Accordingly, many precautionary measures were taken to reduce the spread of the virus. One such method of prevention is wearing a mask and regular monitoring of body temperature. This research dealt with the design and construction of an automatic entry barrier machine that integrates both facemask detection and scanning of individuals exhibiting elevated body temperature functionalities without any human interference. This was accomplished by simulating and synergizing a microprocessor (Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+), a Pi camera, an Infrared Non-contact Temperature sensor, a servo motor, and other components. The barrier arm opens and allows entrance at normal temperature by indicating a green light, displaying ‘allow’ on the LCD, and signaling once or preventing entrance at an elevated unacceptable temperature by indicating a red light, displaying ‘not allowed’ on the LCD, and signaling five (5) times.

The spleen plays a pivotal role in our immune system by facilitating the proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes and monocytes. Typically located in the left upper quadrant retroperitoneally, splenic tissue found outside of its usual position is termed ectopic spleen. When the tissue maintains its histological architecture and encapsulation and receives blood supply from splanchnic vessels, it is called an accessory spleen. Although it commonly presents near the splenic hilum or pancreatic tail, rare instances have been reported in the gastric, liver, gastrosplenic/lienorenal ligaments, as well as thoracic and gonadal regions. However, the case of an accessory spleen, mimicking a hepatic lesion in the right diaphragm represents a novel observation.

The β1 receptor is one of the three beta receptors present in the human body, namely β1, β2, and β3. The β1 receptor is predominantly located in the heart, where it plays a crucial role in regulating the heart rate and the force of contraction, thereby increasing the cardiac output and the efficiency of blood pumping throughout the body. This receptor is targeted by a variety of pharmaceutical agents known as beta-blockers, which are commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias.The β1 receptor exhibits stereoselectivity, meaning that different enantiomers (chiral molecules) of beta blockers can have varying levels of effectiveness and side effects. This study focuses on the stereoselectivity of the β1 receptor and the clinical implications of this property. It includes an examination of various β1 blockers, such as propranolol (a non-selective beta  blocker), and selective β1 blockers like atenolol, bisoprolol, nebivolol, metoprolol, esmolol, acebutolol, and betaxolol. Each of these drugs has a unique chemical structure, with specific functional groups that contribute to their selective action on the β1 receptor.Furthermore, the β2 receptor, which is mainly present in the bronchi and bronchioles, is responsible for bronchodilation, and the β3 receptor, found in the bladder, helps reduce urinary urgency. Understanding the distinct locations and functions of these receptors allows for the development of targeted therapies with minimal off-target effects.This review highlights the importance of stereoselectivity in the development and use of β1 blockers, discussing their chemical structures, pharmacological activities, and therapeutic uses. It also explores the potential for future research and development of more selective and effective β1 receptor agonists and antagonists, which could offer improved therapeutic outcomes for patients with cardiovascular diseases.This study underscores the significant role of the β1 receptor in cardiovascular health and provides insights into the ongoing advancements in beta-blocker therapy. By delving into the stereoselectivity and specific actions of these drugs, the research aims to enhance the understanding and optimization of β1 receptor-targeted treatments in clinical practice.

Bean cultivation is vital to the global food and economy, especially in Brazil. Facing challenges from diseases that affect production, it is crucial to seek new strategies to maintain productivity and sustainability. Melaleuca alternifolia, known as the tea tree due to its medicinal properties, has little explored potential in controlling diseases in bean plants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of tea tree essential oil in controlling diseases in bean cultivation. In vitro tests were carried out to evaluate bacterial growth, at concentrations of (0.0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%). And antibiogram with the bacteria Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, in different concentrations (0.0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3%). For the fungus Pseudocercospora griseola, sporulation tests were carried out, using direct and indirect methods, at concentrations of (0.0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%). Furthermore, for the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, mycelial growth tests were carried out with the same concentrations. The experiments took place in vivo, with a completely randomized statistical design, involving five replications per treatment and concentrations varying from (0.0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1% and 2%). Disease incidence was assessed using a diagrammatic scale, disease severity, Area under the Disease Progress Curve (AACPD) and Area under the Incidence Progress Curve (AACPI). Melaleuca Essential Oil (EO) inhibited the development of fungi and bacteria in in vitro tests starting at 0.5%. In vivo, Melaleuca Essential Oil (EO) showed a significant reduction in the incidence and severity of the disease from 0.5% in both fungi and bacteria. Melaleuca EO can be an effective alternative for disease control in bean cultivation. 

Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of B-ultrasound-guided intrahepatic infusion of autologous bone marrow nucleated cells on decompensated cirrhosis. Methods: To observe the clinical treatment of 75 cases of decompensated cirrhosis. Among them, 30 cases received routine liver protection and diuretic treatment. 45 cases were treated by percutaneous transhepatic infusion of autologous bone marrow nucleated cells under the guidance of B ultrasound. There were no significant differences in liver function and blood routine indexes between the two groups before treatment (p > 0.05). Results: The indexes of liver function and blood routine at different time periods of 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months in the conventional treatment group did not change significantly. 6 cases died of liver failure within 1 year, the fatality rate was 20%. The indexes of liver function and blood routine of percutaneous liver transhepatic infusion of autologous bone marrow nucleated cells at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months under the guidance of B-ultrasound were significantly better than those of the conventional treatment group (p < 0.05). One case died of gastrointestinal bleeding in the group of percutaneous transhepatic infusion of autologous bone marrow nucleated cells guided by B ultrasound, with a fatality rate of 2.5%. Compared with the conventional treatment group, there were significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Conventional drug therapy has no obvious effect on decompensated cirrhosis. Intrahepatic infusion of bone marrow nucleated cells can significantly promote liver function reconstruction in decompensated cirrhosis.

The overall human fertility rate has been continuously declining across the globe for a number of reasons. This review summarizes data, which proposes that the use of disposable diapers for newborns and infants may incur reproductive harm in adulthood. More than 70 years ago, a disposable synthetic waterproof baby diaper was developed, mainly to reduce the burden of working mothers. Modern diapers feature the same original design, which contains one unit of disposable material wrapped around the perineum to collect urine and feces. This design results in an increase in internal area temperatures by 2-4 °C, which can be detrimental to the function and development of reproductive cells. Moreover, the standard diaper template promotes the free passage of feces, including fecal bacteria, to the genitals, which can lead to urogenital infection and reproductive impairments. The available clinical data suggest that diaper use during infancy may have a negative impact on fertility after puberty. There is a critical need for additional studies to better assess the impact of diapers on reproductive health.

Intraoral and extraoral radiographic investigations play a fundamental role in all dental disciplines. For endodontic treatment it is necessary, in addition to measuring with apex locators, also various radiographs in the preoperative, operative, and final control phase.Even in surgical practice, and especially in implantology, the radiographic investigation remains essential to limit errors or complications.The mathematical approach for the determination of the length of work in endodontics is a simple and costless procedure. This work intends to expose the reasons why it should, in certain cases, be taken into consideration.

Physiotherapy treatments employ complex approaches tailored to the patient’s diagnosis. Exercise is the primary strategy to enhance rehabilitation processes for most individuals. However, electrophysical agents, such as Photobiomodulation (PBM), that utilize specific wavelengths of light to penetrate tissues and stimulate cellular activity, can modulate various biological processes and may improve physiotherapy outcomes. This non-invasive treatment can reduce pain and inflammation, promote tissue repair, and accelerate tissue healing. Currently, PBM has numerous applications, including pain and inflammation treatment, wound healing (such as diabetic foot ulcers, pressure ulcers, post-surgery wounds, and skin grafts in burn injuries), and the management of musculoskeletal disorders (such as arthritis, tendinopathies, muscle injuries, and spinal disorders). It is also utilized to improve muscle performance and recovery in rehabilitation and sports. Additionally, transcranial PBM has shown promise in enhancing neurorehabilitative processes by facilitating the recovery of cognitive and motor functions in various types of lesions. The safety and efficacy of this treatment allow it to be incorporated alongside regular exercises and manual therapies as an adjunctive treatment, potentially enhancing outcomes in different areas of rehabilitation.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal shock waves combined with traditional Chinese medicine bone-setting manipulation for external humeral epicondylitis. Methods: Ninety-two patients with external humeral epicondylitis were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. Patients in the control group were treated with extracorporeal shock waves while those in the observation group with traditional Chinese medicine bone-setting manipulation based on the control group. Patients in both groups were evaluated by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) before and after treatment. The inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-10, TNF-ɑ, and clinical outcomes were contrasted before and after treatment. Results: There were statistically significant differences in VAS score, MEPS score, and DASH score between the two groups before and after treatment (p < 0.05). The observation group exhibited a more pronounced improvement in each score compared to the control group. Post-treatment, the inflammatory factors of both groups were significantly lower than pre-treatment levels (p < 0.05), with the observation group showing a more noticeable decrease. The overall effectiveness of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The combination of extracorporeal shock wave therapy and traditional Chinese medicine bone-setting manipulation can effectively alleviate pain symptoms and improve dysfunction caused by external humeral epicondylitis, while also reducing inflammatory factor expression. This combined treatment may prove more effective than extracorporeal shock wave therapy alone.Clinical Trial: Registration: ChiCTR2200066075.

Background: Some studies have shown an association between spinal curvature and strabismus, but the genetic association has not been clarified. Therefore, the present study is proposed to be a Mendelian randomization study aiming to investigate the genetic causal association between spinal curvature and strabismus.Purpose: Genetic causal associations between strabismus, convergent concomitant strabismus (Ccs), Divergent concomitant strabismus (Dcs), Other specified and unspecified strabismus (Osus), Other strabismus (Os) and spinal curvature were investigated by a bidirectionalMendelian randomization study to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of spinal curvature.Methods: Significant and independent Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genome-wide association studies were selected as Instrumental Variables (IVs) for Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, Weighted Median (WME), Simple Mode (SM), and weighted mode (WM) were used to analyze causal association; Heterogeneity and multiplicity tests were also performed and analyzed using the leave-one-out method to assess the stability of the results.Results: MR and reverse MR were utilized to assess the impact of scoliosis on strabismus, revealing that the 95% confidence intervals of all instrumental variables’ OR values spanned 1 and the p values were all above 0.05. These results indicate a lack of evidence supporting a causal relationship between scoliosis and strabismus. Conclusion: There is currently no conclusive evidence of a genetic causal relationship between scoliosis and strabismus, including their subtypes. Further laboratory studies are needed to confirm these findings, and future research with larger sample sizes is necessary to provide more robust support.

Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA) is a well-recognized complication of Major ABO-incompatible allogeneic stem cell transplantation. It is featured by anemia, Reticulocytopenia, and the absence of erythroblasts in a normal-appearing bone marrow biopsy. The mechanism for PRCA is presumed to be the persistence of recipient isoagglutinins, produced by residual host B lymphocytes or plasma cells, which probably interfere with the engraftment of donor erythroid cells. Several risk factors for PRCA have been reported, such as the presence of Anti-A Isoagglutininsbefore transplantation, reduced intensity conditioning, absence of Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD), sibling donor and Cyclosporin A(CsA) as GVHD prophylaxis. PRCA is not a barrier to going ahead with Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). There are many therapeutic options however few recover spontaneously, among the available options include high-dose steroids, Erythropoietin(EPO), Plasma exchange, Donor lymphocyte Infusion (DLI), treatment with Rituximab, Bortezomib, Daratumumab and tapering or discontinuation of immunosuppression. All these options have variable success in the literature ranging from 30% - 70%, Non-responders become red cell transfusion dependent and their quality of life is impaired. We are reporting a novel therapeutic option, Ibrutinib as an armamentarium in treating the PRCA post-HSCT, which works by blocking the Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) pathway thereby inhibiting the host B cell isoagglutinins production and good clinical response.

West Africa’s population is projected to reach 500 million by 2050, exacerbating the need for reliable drought detection and management strategies to ensure food and water security. This study investigated drought detection in West Africa using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). The objective is to evaluate the performance of SPI and SPEI in detecting droughts and compare their strengths and limitations. The results revealed that both indices detected droughts effectively, but SPEI was more sensitive to evapotranspiration and temperature change. The findings offer valuable insights into climate change impacts, drought monitoring, and sustainable water resource management in the regions under investigation in West Africa.

The nuclear fusion reaction can be catalyzed in a suitable fusion fuel by muons (heavy electrons). “For the fractal relations, ranging from DNA knots to solar neutrino flux signals”, ever derived of scale-invariant properties distinguished between classical invariant theory & quantum invariant theory subfactors. Accompanying isomorphic & Connes FusionTensor Product retrieved to μ-catalyzed fusion where surroundings of room temperature fusion driven by the balance in mtDNA fusion & fission. On behalf of the nanometer dimension of the radius of heavy electrons & wavelength of UV-light, it assumed that muons can be produced by oxidation-like decay when UV-light impinging water.

Herbarium records provide a valuable historical database for assessing plant phenology shifts in the context of global climate change. The herbarium specimens, collected from diverse locations and periods, offer comprehensive data illustrating how many plants are altering their blooming times in response to global climate change. The appropriate use and analysis of long-term herbarium records offer an additional dimension for the study of plant phenology through the application of advanced experimental methodologies such as bioinformatics and satellite imagery, statistics, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) which, coupled with field observations, will improve ecosystems evaluation. These efforts can significantly contribute to conservation strategies and climate change mitigation and further support the synchronization of scientific inputs for evaluating the impacts of climate change and its ecological implications.

Gut microbial flora is the largest micro-ecosystem in the human body, it is symbiotically associated with the host; and maintains normal physiological processes in a dynamic equilibrium state. A plethora of evidence supports that gut microbial flora influences the neurotransmitters of the central nervous system. This gut flora influences cognitive function, anxiety, depression; and mood disorders as they are capable of synthesizing neurotransmitters in the nervous system. Therefore intake of probiotics influences gut microbiome; and depression. The versatility and number of gut microbial flora varies individually, so the content of common gut microbes may affect the neurotransmitters, manipulating the gut microbiota with probiotics offers a novel approach to treat brain disorders such as depression via GUT-BRAIN AXIS. The present review outlines the aspect of such alterations and how modulation of gut microbiota influences depression.

This research centered on the transition from sustainability to the post-COVID-19 era, significantly altered and transformed cities, city plans, and housing models holistically approach. Although the academic world concentrating on sustainable urban and housing design since the 1990s, the pandemic has emerged as a critical paradigm shift in context since 2019. During the COVID-19 period the Paris city 15 minutes concept, first introduced by Paris Mayor A. Hidalgo initially sparked controversy as temporary now considered permanent in Paris recently, Oxford. In the post-pandemic era, sustainability has become significant on the global agenda, shaping cities, city models, and residences through profound and radical changes. Some efforts are supported by Climate-change conferences in the world and subsequently some determinations like the Paris Agreement and UN declarations that guide more livable environments and houses. Due to COVID-19 the newly emerged conditions and compulsory changes that have taken place in the cities the social isolation, distance living, and remote working led to radical changes in the living style, environment, city plans, housing models, and typologies holistically. Although many publications have been published in the last few years about the pandemic and the Paris City 15 minutes concept, they only address the city and urban scale solutions. There is no research with a holistic approach that relates the subject from the urban scale to the architectural scale, housing, and blocks. Within the 15-minute concept, searched, developed, innovative, and sustainable urban and housing-oriented suggestions for cities in the future are presented at the end of the research. In conclusion, it is revealed that the issue of sustainability has gained importance with an increasing momentum in the world agenda, witnessed the radical changes in cities and residences, in the post-COVID-19 period in the last 2-3 years.

Background: Sinonasal myxomas are exceptionally rare benign tumors in pediatric patients. This report presents the case of a 4-year-old boy diagnosed with a sinonasal myxoma extending into the right orbit.Case presentation: The patient’s clinical presentation included moderate-angle esotropia and ocular torticollis. Advanced imaging revealed an expansile lesion in the right posterior ethmoid cavity with orbital involvement. The differential diagnosis considered included malignancies such as rhabdomyosarcoma and lymphoma, as well as benign neoplasms and inflammatory changes. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of sinonasal myxoma. The patient underwent a wide local resection performed by a multidisciplinary team, leading to a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of sinonasal myxoma.Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic challenges and the importance of thorough clinical and radiologic evaluation in pediatric patients with unusual ocular symptoms. The report underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach in managing rare neoplasms such as sinonasal myxomas.

Introduction: Childhood obesity is one of the current themes of medical research, being considered not so much a multidimensional condition but primarily a real problem of worldwide interest.The aim of our randomized study was to evaluate and compare the effects of physical exercise associated with an educational program on clinical-functional status in overweight and obese children.Material and method: Participants were children hospitalized, through the emergency service, in the Pediatric Department, Craiova Municipal Clinical Hospital, between June and November 2023. 93 overweight and obese children, aged between 2 and 16 years, were evaluated (clinical, paraclinical and functional) by a multidisciplinary team and randomized into the control group (group C – 63 children) and the study group (group S – 30 children). After the resolution of the acute digestive or respiratory disease, the children in group S underwent a program to restore their functional status, based on educational measures (following the 5-2-1-0 rule) and physical exercises, for 12 weeks. Anthropometric data were measured (height, weight, body mass index); physical performance wasevaluated by gait analysis (we used the BTS G – WALK / BTS G – SENSOR 2 system, BTS Bioengineering Corp, Italy) with the determination of four parameters – the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test, the symmetry index, the walking test six minutes (6 MWT) and walking cadence or average cadence (steps/min) in both groups of children.The results were obtained by analyzing the differences in values obtained in the two moments T1 (initial) and T2 (after three months). The proportion of girls and boys was approximately equal within obesity class in each study group. Although we did not obtain statistically significant differences between the monitored parameters, between the two groups, for the two evaluation moments, the children in Group S had a clearly favorable evolution for physical performance parameters, whose average value was improved in T2. Anthropometric data did not change.Conclusion: The present study confirms the effectiveness of the multimodal (educational-kinetic) program for the physical performance of overweight/obese children. The sustained running of the program at home, with the involvement of the family and the school environment, is essential for the well-being of these children, with a favorable impact on the quality of life later.

Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is estimated to affect 58 million people worldwide and around 700,000 individuals in Brazil. Various non-invasive markers of hepatic fibrosis have been proposed, such as transient hepatic elastography (THE) using FibroScan®. However, the reliability of the performance, by operators in the training phase is undetermined, which hinders its applicability in clinical practice. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of training an inexperienced operator to perform the examinations using FibroScan® in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Specifically, the frequency of unreliable results throughout the training was assessed. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection including compensated chronic hepatitis C patients who underwent the examinations using FibroScan® between March 2014 and December 2016, performed by two researchers. Included patients were divided into two groups based on the operator's experience in the examination: the Experienced Examiner (EE) group and the Examiner in Training (ET) group, with the latter divided into two phases: phase 1, consisting of the first 100 examinations, and phase 2, comprising subsequent examinations. For the reliability analysis, parameters such as success rate (SR), interquartile range (IQR) to median (Md) ratio (IQR/Md), and reliability criteria of Castéra, et al. and Boursier, et al. were used. Results: Between March 2014 and December 2016, 771 adult HCV-infected individuals were evaluated and divided into EE group (n = 161), ET phase 1 (n = 100), and ET phase 2 (n = 158), showing similar demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics. SR and IQR/Md ratios were similar among EE, ET phase 1, and ET phase 2 groups. The proportion of reliable results was comparable in all three groups, using Castéra, et al. reliability criteria (92.5%, 92.0%, and 97.5%, respectively) and Boursier, et al. criteria (96.9%, 95.0%, and 98.1%, respectively). Conclusion: A short training period (up to 100 examinations) seems to be sufficient for them to have good clinical applicability in the hands of an operator with initial experience in the method