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Touch DNA, the minute quantities of DNA deposited through skin contact, has become a valuable tool in forensic investigations. However, the recovery of touch DNA from non-porous surfaces remains a challenging task, requiring optimized collection and extraction techniques to maximize DNA yield, because non-porous surfaces have smooth, non-absorbing material properties. This review explores various non-porous surfaces such as glass, plastic, and metal, analyzing their impact on DNA recovery efficiency. Different collection methods, including swabbing, tape lifting, scrubbing, and vacuum collection methods, are evaluated to determine their effectiveness in retrieving minute amounts of DNA from these surfaces. Through a comparative analysis of existing studies, this paper identifies which collection methods work best for different non-porous surfaces and why choosing the right technique matters. Factors such as surface type, environmental conditions, and collection technique performed, time duration, and so on can affect DNA recovery, making it crucial to use the most effective approach. This review also emphasizes the need for standardized protocols to ensure consistent and reliable results in forensic investigations. Having clear guidelines can reduce errors, improve DNA analysis, and make touch DNA analysis more reliable in forensic investigations. By focusing on these aspects, this study aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts in refining touch DNA recovery strategies.

Introduction: Bronchoscopy could lead to local spread of pre-existing infection, spread of infection from one patient to another if the bronchoscope is disinfected inadequately, or, isolation of microorganisms from bronchoscopic specimens in a patient who is clinically not infected, i.e., pseudo-infection. This study is one such investigation of an outbreak of bronchoscopic pseudo-infections in a tertiary care hospital.Materials and methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were inoculated onto MacConkey Agar and 5% Sheep Blood Agar and incubated at 37 °C overnight. The growths obtained on culture media were processed for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility on Vitek 2 Compact as per manufacturer’s instructions. To investigate the outbreak, 5 mL - 10 mL of sterile water was flushed through the channels of disinfected bronchoscope and collected in a sterile container. The samples were centrifuged and inoculated onto MacConkey Agar and 5% Sheep Blood Agar. The growths obtained were further processed similarly as the BAL samples were processed. Environmental swabs collected from the bronchoscopy unit were also processed as the procedure mentioned above.Results: Bronchoalveolar lavage of 3 patients in a period of 1 week were contaminated with multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Two out of five bronchoscope fluid samples were also contaminated with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Among the swabs collected from bronchoscope unit, Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from the detergent box of the endowasher. Conclusion: The risk of propagation of infection via a bronchoscope can be evaded by proper reprocessing and improving the sterilization practices. 

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are common opportunistic diseases, primarily caused by Escherichia coli, which utilizes various virulence factors, including the hlyA gene encoding hemolysin. Phenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables, known for their antimicrobial properties, were examined for their effects on E. coli. This study involved 60 E. coli isolates from Aleppo University Hospital, identified via biochemical and molecular tests. The hemolytic ability was assessed phenotypically, and the hlyA gene was detected using PCR. The impact of pyrogallol and catechol on these isolates was also evaluated. Results showed a 54.6% isolation rate of E. coli, with a higher rate in females (71.7%) than males (28.3%). The 20-40 age group was most affected, comprising 38.4% of cases. Hemolytic activity was observed in 45% of isolates, and the hlyA gene was present in 41.6% of cases. Pyrogallol exhibited a bactericidal effect at high concentrations and mild growth at lower levels, while catechol showed no antibacterial effects. These experimental investigations were validated by docking those polyphenols to the hlyA predicted, validated 3D structure where pyrogallol exhibited stronger binding affinity than catechol (-5.2 vs. -4.8 kcal/mol). The study underscores the significance of the hlyA gene in E. coli virulence and highlights the potential antibacterial properties of phenolic compounds at specific concentrations.

The examination and the survey of how a person moves, particularly the way of life of walking and running. It entails studying and quantifying a person's gait in terms of their stride length, cadence, foot position, and movement of various body joints. Wearable technology makes it possible to monitor the gait pattern continually while moving about freely. The direction line, gait line, foot line, foot angle, principle line, step length, step breadth, and displacement value obtained from the gyro and accelerated sensors coupled to the shank and thigh are all used to analyze the gait pattern. There has been a lot of research on this method of recognizing people by the way they walk.The two most crucial facts are that OpenPose, a 2D multi-person posture estimation library, can detect 135 critical body locations without the requirement for fiducial markers, and that smartphone cameras can detect the gait pattern without the use of physical markers. In addition, lower extremity sagittal joint angles, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and timings of gait events were independently determined for motion capture. Gait analysis systems use portable, readily available cameras to measure gait characteristics. The pace of gait, length of steps, time of steps, cadence of steps, and the period of stance are the most crucial factors. Recently, the top standard for the examination of gait was used to evaluate the schemes based on two camera usage to evaluate the framework of different gait patterns.The precision of the examination of SCA is being increased by data scientists through the development of AI-based computer algorithms. To increase individualization, Bertillon measured the body and faces of several convicts in 1883.

Biotechnology has always played an important role in tackling global concerns, particularly in the Global South, where socioeconomic gaps sometimes stymie scientific progress. Recent advances in synthetic biology and computational technologies have the potential to revolutionize biotechnology in these locations. Synthetic biology allows for the creation and manipulation of biological systems, with promise applications in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental control. Computational methods such as machine learning and artificial intelligence help to optimize synthetic biology processes, enabling innovations that are suited to local requirements. The combination of these cutting-edge technologies with traditional biotechnological techniques has the potential to dramatically improve the Global South's ability to solve issues such as disease outbreaks, food security, and sustainable development. This abstract outline the critical intersections of synthetic biology and computational advancements and their potential to empower the Global South, highlighting the need for supportive policies and capacity-building initiatives to maximize their impact.