tuberculosis

This manuscript presents a compelling case of renal tuberculosis in a 15-year-old male, elucidating the intricate diagnostic hurdles and strategic management approaches encountered. The patient initially presented with nonspecific symptoms, including intermittent low-grade fever, weight loss, fatigue, and diffuse skin rashes, which were initially managed as suspected enteric fever. However, as the patient’s condition deteriorated, a comprehensive diagnostic exploration revealed renal tuberculosis. The report meticulously outlines the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and therapeutic trajectory, emphasizing the enigmatic nature of symptoms and advocating for a multidimensional diagnostic paradigm integrating clinical, radiological, microbiological, and histopathological assessments.Furthermore, this case report provides a comprehensive review of urogenital tuberculosis, discussing its epidemiological underpinnings, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methodologies, and therapeutic tenets. It underscores the paramount significance of early recognition and prompt initiation of treatment in forestalling complications and optimizing patient outcomes.This case report enriches the medical discourse by shedding light on the diagnostic intricacies and therapeutic imperatives pertinent to renal tuberculosis, especially in the younger demographic. We believe that the findings will contribute significantly to the understanding and management of this disease.

The article presents data from recent publications and own data on screening studies with interpretation of chest radiographs using artificial intelligence CAD (Computer-Assisted Diagnosis), which, according to WHO recommendations, provides more accurate clinical thresholds for deciding who needs to take a sputum test. Another aspect of the WHO recommendations is the cost-effectiveness of CAD as a tool for triaging patients with tuberculosis symptoms in low-income countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis. Compared with smear microscopy and GeneXpert, without preliminary sorting, the use of mobile digital X-ray machines equipped with a CAD tool reduces costs, allowing sorting of individuals suspected of having tuberculosis for testing on GeneXpert, while reducing the time to start tuberculosis treatment.Thus, conducting a study using portable X-ray machines using a CAD program is a low-cost and easy-to-implement method, does not require large funds, does not require separate rooms, is highly effective, has good image quality, allows you to quickly clarify individuals suspected of having tuberculosis, differentiating it from other pathological changes in the lungs.Our experience shows that machine analysis of chest computed tomography data, due to the higher resolution capabilities of the method and the absence of fundamental disadvantages of radiography, including the effect of shadow summation, the presence of “blind” zones, etc., is finding increasing application in both diagnostics and screening of respiratory diseases. Our use of this tool allowed us to identify additional new cases of phthisio-onco-pulmonary diseases in field conditions.