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Lower extremity edema is one of the most common complaints among pregnant patients. Lymphatic origin to these edemas is rarely considered and few cases of lymphedema after pregnancy have been reported and documented in medical literature. We describe here a series of 15 cases where the diagnosis of lymphedema was established by lymphoscintigraphy.  Dermal reflux was observed in ten of the 15 patients (66%), popliteal lymph nodes in 11 (73%), and the edematous limb(s) were said to be abnormal in all but one case which showed only functional asymmetry at rest and limited vascular reflux in a calf.

Epithelioid angiomyolipomas (AML) are uncommon mesenchymal neoplasms, belonging to the group of perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PECOMA). Hepatic PECOMA is even rarer. It’s difficult to diagnose in preoperative by imaging, especially when the fatty component is scant or absent. The gold standard for the diagnosis is histologic examination coupled with an immunohistochemical study. Positive HMB45 immunostaining of the myoid cells is a major diagnostic feature. Herein, we report a particular case of hepatic angiomyolipoma in a middle-aged woman with no significant medical past history. The preoperative diagnosis was difficult given the absence of specific clinical manifestations, even the radiologists considered high suspicion of hepatocellular carcinoma. The final diagnosis has been made by post-operative histology coupled with an immunohistochemistry study.

Background: CT-guided lung biopsy is routinely performed minimally invasive procedure. Imaging findings in the lung can have a broad differential diagnosis; therefore, it is indicated for definitive determination of pulmonary nodules or masses. Post-biopsy complications are common with most of them manageable in daycare. As pneumothorax is the most common complication, frequency and severity of pneumothorax with assessment of risk factors and follow-up for resolution is necessary.Methods: A prospective evaluation of 123 biopsies with automated coaxial biopsy of 18 gauge was done. Post-biopsy pneumothorax was evaluated for its incidence and resolution. The studied risk factors were; patient age, sex, lesion location, lesion size, shortest pleural lesion depth, traversed lung parenchymal distance, presence of emphysema, fissure penetration, needle thoracic wall angle, and lesion characteristics.Results: Reported immediate post-procedural pneumothorax was 22% with 19% of mild, 4% of moderate and 2.4% of severe cases. 51.9% of cases showed resolution within 24 hours. The intervention was required in only 4.8% of biopsy cases. A significant p - value of pneumothorax with the nodule depth increased traversed lung parenchymal distance, acute needle angle, fissure puncture, and presence of emphysema was seen. Emphysema was an independent variable in pneumothorax in multivariate analysis.Conclusion: Pneumothorax is an unamenable consequence of CT-guided lung biopsy and a cautious approach should be kept in view of the variables that are associated with it to reduce its incidence and severity in patients.

Background: Preterm Birth (PTB) is the largest direct cause of neonatal mortality and the second leading cause of under-five mortality following pneumonia. Although there are studies conducted before, the magnitude of PTB remains a major issue in most developing countries including Yemen. Therefore, this study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of premature birth among newborns delivered in Jiblah University Hospital in Ibb governorate, Yemen.Objectives: No studies have previously been conducted about preterm labour in Jiblah University Hospital in Ibb governorate, Yemen.Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jiblah University Hospital in Ibb Governorate, from 1 December 2023 to 29 February 2024.Results: A total of 1350 pregnancies, 252 (18.67%) were preterm deliveries and 1089 (80.66%) were full-term deliveries at Jiblah University Hospital, Ibb. Our study shows the distribution of participants based on socio-demographic factors. The data that out of the total 252 female participants, with ages mean ± std = 27.43 ± 6.34 roughly 18.67% experienced preterm deliveries. Our study demonstrates that several factors are significantly linked to preterm birth, including the number of siblings, blood pressure, gravida, and abortion number, where the Chi-square p - value was < 0.05. On the other hand, the results from the logistic regression analysis indicated the predictive potential of certain socio-demographic factors in relation to preterm birth. Conclusion: In this study, the number of siblings, blood pressure, gravida, and abortion number are the risk factors for premature delivery. Recognizing the most common risk factors for PTB will help to increase awareness about high-risk pregnancy, improve the preventive measures of preterm risk factors, and modify preterm care protocol in nurseries. 

Aim: This prospective study reports the acceptance testing of the Symbia Intevo Bold SPECT/CT scanner (Siemens Healthineers), recently installed at SQCCCRC, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman, before its clinical implementation.Materials and methods: The acceptance tests were performed using a Low Energy High Resolution (LEHR) collimator and Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) as the radioactive source, following the manufacturer’s protocols. The tests included physical inspection, peaking and tuning, intrinsic and extrinsic uniformity calibration, intrinsic energy resolution, and planar spatial resolution without scatter. Key performance parameters such as full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), system sensitivity, and count rate performance were evaluated.Results: All critical acceptance tests, including intrinsic energy resolution, energy calibration (symmetric curve), and extrinsic uniformity with the LEHR collimator, were completed and met the required specifications. System sensitivity and count rate performance were within the expected ranges, confirming the system’s readiness for clinical use.Conclusion: The Symbia Intevo Bold SPECT/CT system passed all performance tests successfully. The acceptance testing validated the system’s optimal performance following international standards, ensuring its suitability for clinical operations.

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) remain a major global health concern, necessitating accurate and comprehensive diagnostic techniques. Traditional medical imaging modalities, such as CT angiography, PET, MRI, and ultrasound, provide crucial but limited information when used independently. Image fusion techniques integrate complementary modalities, enhance visualization, and improve diagnostic accuracy. This paper presents a theoretical study of advanced image fusion methods applied to cardiovascular imaging. We explore wavelet-based, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and deep learning-driven fusion models, emphasizing their theoretical underpinnings, mathematical formulation, and potential clinical applications. The proposed framework enables improved coronary artery visualization, cardiac function assessment, and real-time hemodynamic analysis, offering a non-invasive and highly effective approach to cardiovascular diagnostics.MSC Codes: 68U10,94A08,92C55,65T60,62H25,68T07.

Background: The amygdala is a core structure in the mammalian brain that processes emotion and memory. Its complex neuronal composition and intricate microcircuit mechanisms play key roles in behaviors such as fear, anxiety, and reward. The diversity of neuronal types and the dynamics of these microcircuits provide the neural foundation for the encoding and extinction of fear memories.Aim: This is a retrospective review article summarizing recent research on the amygdala and fear behavior in mice, which is of significant importance in helping people to comprehensively understand and recognize that the amygdala is the core regulator of fear behavior.Methodology: An extensive and systematic search of electronic databases (Medline, PubMed, Web of Science) using keywords related to the amygdala and the technologies involved in the study such as “mouse amygdala,” “basolateral amygdala (BLA),” “central amygdala (CeA),” “fear extinction,” “fear learning,” and “microcircuits.” Articles meeting the selection criteria were included as candidate references.Results: By integrating recent findings from optogenetics, chemogenetics, and single-cell sequencing, this review reveals the interactions between glutamatergic projection neurons and GABAergic interneurons in the amygdala, the functional division between subnuclei, and the neural basis of cross-brain area coordination. Additionally, it discusses the technical challenges in amygdala research and future directions, providing theoretical support for understanding the pathophysiology of emotional disorders.Conclusion: The amygdala is intimately linked to emotional health, playing a critical role in understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, depression, addiction, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite advances in methodologies such as in vivo calcium imaging, neural circuit tracing, and electrophysiological techniques, which are progressively uncovering the underlying mechanisms of amygdalar regulation of emotional behaviors, the intrinsic microcircuitry of the amygdala remains highly complex. Significant gaps persist, necessitating further exploration and refinement to elucidate unresolved aspects of its functional architecture and behavioral modulation.

Background: Studies explored the therapeutic role of agents inhibiting RAS in epilepsy. Fewer studies addressed the electrophysiological changes associated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in terms of sustained seizures (status epilepticus). Sodium valproate (SVPA), a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant, has been associated with adverse cardiac events upon long-term use, in contrast to the beneficial role of ACEIs in cardiovascular disorders.  This work explored the potential effects of ramipril, an ACEI, compared to SVPA, on the behavior, and electrophysiology of the brain and heart in a rat model of status epilepticus. The dose dependent pattern of the presumed ramipril activities was investigated. Methods: Adult male rats were assigned into seven groups, controls, IP pyridostigmine (36 mg/kg)-induced status epilepticus (PISE), oral SVPA (5 mg/kg), and three groups receiving oral ramipril at respective doses of 5 (R5), 10 (R10), and 20 mg/kg (R20). Rat behavior was assessed using Racine’s motor convulsion scoring for 10 minutes.  Blood pressure was recorded, and electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) were performed on the sedated rats 24 hours after recovery. Results: Despite the partial behavioral improvement of motor convulsions with R5 and R10 exhibited epileptogenic activity, as indicated by the increased relative power of fast and slow gamma waves and total EEG power. R10 triggered arrhythmia and cardiac ischemia as indicated by absence of P wave, along with ST elevation and tall T wave, slowed heart rate and prolonged QRS, QTc, and RR intervals. Conclusion: PISE was resistant to sodium valproate and ramipril. Ramipril at low and moderate doses induced epileptogenic activity and, especially at moderate dose, precipitated cardiac ischemia and arrhythmia. SummaryThe debatable role of ramipril in epilepsy was studied in a rat model of pyridostigmine-induced status epilepticus, compared to sodium valproate. Increasing ramipril doses did not resolve status epilepticus in rats. Instead, low and moderate doses exhibited epileptogenic activity, opposite to high dose ramipril and sodium valproate. Blood pressure was dose-dependently reduced with ramipril. Electrocardiography showed evidence of cardiac arrythmia and ischemia, especially with the moderate ramipril dose. The behavioral and EEG indices correlated with systolic blood pressure and ECG changes.

The integration of deep learning and genetic analysis has transformed the assessment of elite sports performance, particularly in competitive swimming. This study examines the fusion of deep learning techniques with DNA markers, physiological biometrics, and performance analytics to enhance the prediction and optimization of swimmer performance. A structured dataset comprising genetic sequences, physiological parameters, and biomechanical attributes was utilized to train a neural network model capable of categorizing swimmers based on genetic predisposition and athletic potential. The model achieved high classification accuracy, demonstrating a strong link between genetic markers, physiological traits, and competitive swimming outcomes. The findings emphasize the potential of AI-driven analytics in talent identification, customized training adaptations, and injury prevention. Furthermore, the study highlights the effectiveness of deep learning in analyzing complex genomic and physiological data to generate meaningful insights for performance enhancement. While the results validate the feasibility of using genetic and AI-based models for performance prediction, further studies are needed to broaden dataset diversity, integrate epigenetic influences, and test the model across varied athlete populations. This research contributes to the expanding field of AI-driven sports science and provides a solid foundation for incorporating genomics with deep learning to enhance elite athletic performance.

Introduction: Cervical spinal cord injuries (CSIs) account for 2% - 3% of trauma cases and 8.2% of trauma- related fatalities, making them a significant cause of disability and mortality. Effective management and timely interventions are essential to improve neurological and functional outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of patients with CSIs and identify key predictors of neurological and functional improvement.Materials and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over 12 months at SMS Medical College, Jaipur, involving 100 patients with CSIs from C1 to C7 vertebrae. Patients presenting within one week of injury were included. Clinical evaluation was conducted using the ASIA scoring system, and functional outcomes were assessed with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scale. MRI findings were analyzed to classify injuries and identify critical predictors, including the presence and extent of edema and listhesis grading.Results: Significant predictors of neurological improvement included injury type, management approach, MRI findings, extent of edema (≤ 2 vs. >2 segments), and listhesis grading. Operative management and incomplete injuries showed better outcomes. The median Barthel Index improved from 4.0 preoperatively to 7.0 at four months (p < 0.001). The mean FIM score also significantly increased from 43.25 ± 26.5 to 56.8 ± 40.75 (p < 0.05). ASIA Grades C and D demonstrated significant neurological recovery, with no grade deterioration observed.Conclusion: Age, injury type, management strategy, MRI findings, extent of edema, and listhesis grading are key predictors of outcomes in CSIs. These findings emphasize the importance of early diagnosis, timely surgical intervention, and comprehensive management in improving neurological and functional recovery. Multicentric studies with larger cohorts are recommended for broader generalizability.

VACTERL (V: Vertebral anomalies, A: Anal malformation, C: Cardiac defect, TE: Tracheoesophageal malformation, R: Renal anomalies, L: Limb anomalies) is a cluster of congenital malformations. It is a rare association with sporadic and non-random occurrence where multiple organs are affected due to developmental defect during blastogenesis (2-4 weeks of gestation), where abnormal structures are derived from the embryonic mesoderm. Multiple environmental and genetic factors have been implicated. We report the successful management of a patient  with VACTERL association born to a mother through an emergency cesarean section due to fetal distress.

The concurrent emergence of dengue fever and the COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges to India’s healthcare system, particularly in Western Rajasthan, a region characterized by its arid climate and unique socio-demographic conditions. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and molecular characteristics of dengue during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on trends, diagnostic challenges, and serotype distribution. Conducted at Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur, in 2021, the study included 550 dengue-positive patients confirmed via rapid diagnostic tests and further analyzed using Dengue NS1 antigen and IgM antibody ELISA. Molecular characterization was performed using RT-PCR for serotyping.The results revealed a male predominance (72.36%) and a higher incidence in the 21–30-year age group (39.09%). Urban areas accounted for 67.73% of cases, with significant NS1 and IgM positivity (p = 0.042 and p = 0.004, respectively). Most cases (86.91%) were managed outpatient, though IgM positivity was significantly higher among hospitalized patients (19.19%, p < 0.001), indicating severe or prolonged infections. Platelet counts were above 100,000/mm³ in 86.91% of cases, with only 0.37% showing critically low counts (< 20,000/mm³). Seasonal analysis showed a peak in October (n = 325), correlating with post-monsoon vector breeding. Serotyping identified DENV2 as the dominant strain (97.42%), associated with severe dengue manifestations, including Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF).The study highlights the dual burden of dengue and COVID-19, emphasizing the need for enhanced vector control, improved diagnostic strategies and public health interventions during overlapping outbreaks. The predominance of DENV2 underscores the importance of serotype-specific surveillance and preparedness to mitigate future dengue epidemics in the region.

Background: Obesity is a significant health risk linked to hypertension and heart-related disorders in adolescents, impacting their future well-being . Since, the present work is to determine the body constitute including percentage of body fat correlates with cholesterol level which associate with Body Mass Index. Methods: This cross-sectional work was held in 120 college girls aged 19-23 years of Bhavan’s Tripura College of Science and Technology, Anandanagar at West Tripura. Anthropometric measurements such as standing height, body weight, sub scapular and triceps skinfolds, waist &hip circumference were collected. These records were used to calculate Body Fat Percentage (%BF) and Fat Mass (FM). Waist and Hip ratio (WHR) and Body Mass Index (BMI). FM, %BF and biochemical studies such as serum cholesterol level were also used to measures the body fat composition. Results: According to the present study, 53.33% of girls have a normal BMI, 8.83% are underweight, 31.67% are overweight, and 6.67% are obese. WHR results indicate that 54.17% of participants are classified as obese and 45.83% as non-obese. Out of 114 (95%) girls with normal cholesterol levels of 16 (13.33%) students are pre-hypertensive and 10 (8.33%) students are hypertensive. Out of 38 overweight and 8 obese students 13.34% are in pre or hypertensive. Based on WHR, 65 (54.17%) female students are obese; out of 65 obese students, 12 (10%) and 7 (5.83%) female students are pre-hypertensive and hypertensive, respectively and this value is statistically significant (p value < 0.05). Out of 55 (45.83%) no-obese students 8 (6.67%) girls are pre-hypertensive and 5 (6.67%) girls are hypertensive. According to BMI female students who are overweight or obese (5%) also have excessive blood cholesterol.Conclusion: This study expressed clear evidence of correlation in BMI, serum cholesterol level and Hypertension. These results are important for epidemiological studies to identify the cardiovascular risk in obese adults and help to solve a health problem of present Youngers in their future life. This study serves as an early health warning for female college students.

Background: Nutritional awareness among caregivers plays a crucial role in ensuring optimal pediatric health and development. This study assesses the level of nutritional awareness among caregivers and examines its association with demographic factors.Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of caregivers regarding dietary advice and complementary feeding for children under five years at Wad-Albasheir Family Health Center, Um-Bada locality.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among caregivers in selected healthcare facilities. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to evaluate associations between variables.Results: The majority of caregivers demonstrated moderate awareness (60%), while 22.5% had low awareness and 17.5% had high awareness. A significant association was observed between education level and awareness (p < 0.05). Employment status also influenced awareness levels, with employed caregivers showing higher knowledge scores.Conclusion: Nutritional awareness is a key determinant of pediatric health. Strengthening educational programs targeting caregivers can improve child nutrition outcomes.

This paper shows the developments and directions in feature processing. We begin by revisiting conventional feature processing methods, then focus on deep feature extraction techniques and the application of feature processing. The article also analyzes the current research challenges and outlines future development directions, providing valuable insights in related fields.

Multiple stab wounds are a critical forensic indicator, frequently linked to violent assaults, homicides, or self-inflicted injuries. These penetrating injuries result from sharp-edged weapons such as knives, daggers, or other pointed instruments. The depth, size, and severity of the wounds depend on factors including the type of weapon used, the force applied, and the anatomical location of impact. Forensic examination of stab wounds is essential in determining the manner of death—homicidal, suicidal, or accidental. Detailed analysis of wound characteristics, such as depth, trajectory, and associated injuries, aids in crime scene reconstruction. Additionally, identifying defensive wounds can indicate victim resistance, further supporting forensic interpretations. A meticulous forensic autopsy, including weapon analysis and internal organ assessment, is crucial in establishing the cause of death. These findings play a vital role in medico-legal investigations, providing key forensic evidence that supports legal proceedings and ensures justice.

Background: Human trafficking is a significant global issue that affects millions of individuals, where victim identification remains a major challenge. Traditional methods such as DNA or fingerprint analysis are not always viable, necessitating alternative forensic approaches.Methods: This article reviews the role of dental identification  in human trafficking cases through an extensive analysis of existing literature. The study incorporates forensic odontology techniques, including dental charting, radiographic analysis, bite mark analysis, age estimation, and emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI).Results: Findings indicate that dental identification methods are essential for victim identification, especially when conventional methods prove ineffective. AI integration enhances the accuracy and efficiency of dental forensic investigations, addressing challenges such as record access and cross-border complexities.Conclusion: Dental identification, augmented by AI advancements, is an indispensable tool in forensic investigations related to human trafficking. The study underscores the necessity of international collaboration and technological innovation to enhance forensic practices.

Stress in acute stroke may increase mortality and complications, but there is a paucity of information on the efficacy of beta blockers  over other anti-hypertensive. To report efficacy of metoprolol over amlodipine in reducing mortality, disability and infections in acute stroke. CT/MRI confirmed stroke patients within 3 days of onset were included whose age was 18 to 75 years. Patients with secondary intracerebral hemorrhage, organ failure, pregnancy, malignancy, and immunosuppressant or on beta-blocker/amlodipine were excluded. Stroke risk factors, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and CT/MRI findings were noted. Patients with a blood pressure of > 160/90 mm of Hg were randomized using 1:1 randomization to metoprolol (25 mg on day 1, 50 mg if BP is not controlled) or amlodipine (2.5 mg on day 1, then 5 mg then 10 mg on, subsequent days if BP is not controlled). Other standard treatment was continued. The primary outcome was mortality at 1 month; secondary outcomes included  were in-hospital gastrointestinal hemorrhage, pneumonia, sepsis and 3 months functional outcome based on modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Side effects were noted. 18 (14.4%) patients died; 6 (9.7%) in metoprolol and 12 (19%) in amlodipine (p = 0.20) group. At 3-months, 66 patients had good outcome; 45 (80.4%) in metoprolol and 21 (43.3%) in amlodipine group (p < 0.001). The other secondary outcomes were comparable between the two groups. Metoprolol was withdrawn in 6 patients due to bradycardia, and amlodipine in 5 due to hypotension and in 1 due to allergic reaction. Metoprolol is associated with improved functional outcomes in acute stroke  compared to amlodipine.

Background: Acral Fibromyxoma (AFM) is a rare benign soft tissue tumour which is described as a fibromatous and myxoid tumour of skin and soft tissue. Case details: A 40-year-old  male presented to the Dermatology outpatient department with swelling over the wrist of one year duration. The swelling was associated with mild pain, and it gradually increased in size to reach its present size. Cutaneous examination revealed a 2x2 cm mobile, cystic to firm, non-tender swelling over the dorsum of the right wrist. Based on its location and clinical features, it was provisionally diagnosed as a ganglion cyst  and excision biopsy was done. Histology showed stellate-shaped cells in a myxoid background with round to oval nuclei having a small, inconspicuous nucleolus. Acral fibromyxoma presents a distinct histopathology including a myxoid stroma and spindle-shaped cells, which are essential for accurate diagnosis and management.