Forensic Perspectives on Human Chimerism: Identification Challenges and Detection Strategies
Published on: 9th September, 2025
Chimerism is a biological condition in which a single individual harbors two or more genetically distinct cell populations originating from different zygotes. This phenomenon may occur naturally due to errors during fertilization or early embryonic development, or it may arise artificially following medical interventions such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or in vitro fertilization (IVF). Chimerism is broadly categorized as natural or artificial, and its presence presents significant challenges in both clinical and forensic contexts. In transplant recipients, the coexistence of donor- and host-derived cells can generate misleading genetic test results and complicate post-transplant monitoring. In forensic investigations, individuals with mixed DNA profiles may be difficult to identify accurately, as standard genetic fingerprinting technologies can yield inconclusive or erroneous findings. These complications underscore the necessity of reliable detection methods capable of identifying and differentiating chimeric cell populations. This review consolidates current knowledge regarding the classification of chimerism and the available diagnostic techniques, emphasizing that improved understanding of this condition is essential for enhancing diagnostic precision, optimizing forensic identification, and minimizing the risk of misinterpretation that may adversely affect medical decisions and legal determinations.
Study the Influence of Laser Energy on the Surface Morphology of Copper Nanoparticles Prepared by Pulsed Laser Extirpation Method in Liquid
Published on: 7th November, 2023
A study reports a novel synthesis of pure copper and the effect of laser energy on optical properties and the particle size of colloidal copper nanoparticles prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL). Different laser energies (600,700,800 mJ) of pulsed laser (Nd: YaG) were used to prepare colloidal copper nanoparticles size of about (40.4 nm - 91.3 nm) which were measured using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The presence of Copper NPs in distilled water, respectively, with nanostructure in the shape of a spherical construction and size of about 50 nm were measured using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The absorption spectrum and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) were measured to study the optical properties of the prepared copper nucleus, and the results showed that the SPR and high optical density were found in the 320 wavelengths at the laser energy of (600 mJ), present at wavelength 333 to the laser energy (700 mJ) and shifted to a lower wavelength (blue shift) with a higher optical density, a wavelength of 341 at the laser energy of (800 mJ).
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