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Background: Infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs) are at increased risk of developing congenital anomalies including cardiac defects. Pathological left ventricular hypertrophy, asymmetrical septal hypertrophy and outflow tract obstruction is a rare but known cardiac comorbidity in infants of diabetic mothers. The severity of this condition in IDMs can vary from an incidental finding on echocardiography to an infant with severe symptoms of congestive heart failure and specific management of the condition varies. Aim: The aim of this article is to report this clinical entity in a Nigerian infant born to a mother with poor glycaemic control in pregnancy and highlight management. Case report: We report a term neonate who was diagnosed as a case of pathological left ventricular hypertrophy, asymmetrical septal hypertrophy and outflow tract obstruction delivered to a mother with gestational diabetics with poor glycaemic control in pregnancy. Child was treated successfully with β-adrenergic blocker and showed resolution of hypertrophy in follow-up echocardiography. Conclusion: Infants of diabetic mothers are very high risk infants. Pathological left ventricular hypertrophy in IDM have good prognosis. Early recognition and prompt intervention is advocated.

The creation of the information society is associated with the creation of new intellectual, cultural, spiritual and material values, as well as with new principles and methods of social and interpersonal communication. Achieving this goal is impossible without changes in teaching methodology, teaching technologies and teacher’s work.The article is an overview and focuses on the following issues. In the information society, the era of biocomputers and quantum computers is coming, which will use not only artificial intelligence, but also artificial consciousness for simulation. Artificial awareness builds the foundations for the development of robots that will be widely used in various fields of industry and science. - Artificial awareness combined with artificial intelligence can be an innovative method in education and communication; - Quantum computers and biocomputers will find wide application in human education and social life;

Atherosclerosis is an important promoter of cardiovascular disease potentiating myocardial infarction or stroke. Current demand in biomedical imaging necessitates noninvasive characterization of arterial changes responsible for transition of stable plaque into rupture-prone vulnerable plaque. in vivo contrast enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) allows quantitative and functional monitoring of pathomorphological changes through signal differences induced by the contrast agent uptake in the diseased vessel wall, therefore it is the ideal modality toward this goal. However, studies have so far focused on the cellular targets of persisting inflammation, leaving extracellular matrix (ECM) far behind. In this review, we portray ECM remodeling during atherosclerotic plaque progression by summarizing the state of the-art in MRI and current imaging targets. Finally, we aim to discuss glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and their functional interactions, which might offer potential toward development of novel imaging probes for in vivo contrast-enhanced MRI of atherosclerosis.

Depression is a psychiatric disease resulting mainly by dysfunction of serotoninergic and monoaminergic neurotransmission in central nervous system (CNS). Due to the multifaceted nature of depression and our limited understanding on its etiology, depression is difficult to be treated with currently available pharmaceuticals. Then, new therapeutic strategies for depression have been proposed. Since 1975, several clinical studies have reported that L-type Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs), used in anti-hypertensive therapy, produce increase of plasma catecholamine levels and tachycardia, typical symptoms of sympathetic hyperactivity. Despite these adverse effects of CCBs have been initially attributed to adjust reflex of arterial pressure, during almost four decades these enigmatic phenomena remained unclear. In 2013, we discovered that this paradoxical sympathetic hyperactivity produced by CCBs results from the increase of catecholamines release from sympathetic nerves, and adrenal chromaffin cells, due to its modulatory action on the interaction between intracellular signaling pathways mediated by Ca2+ and cAMP (Ca2+/cAMP signalling interaction). Then, the pharmacological modulation of this interaction by combined use of L-type CCBs, and cAMP-enhancer compounds, could be a more efficient (and safer) therapeutic strategy to produce increase of serotoninergic and monoaminergic neurotransmission in the CNS due to enhance of serotonin and monoamines release, thus attenuating clinical symptoms of depression in humans. 

Case report: This case report aimed to evaluate temporomandibular joint activity in a patient with the temporomandibular disorder before and after disclusion time reduction (DTR) therapy.Results: Positive changes in joint health were observed in the patient after the DTR treatment. Conclusion: The joint vibration analysis objectively showed significant results with the disclusion-time reduction therapy. The measured parameters were closer to the reference values. Thus, DTR is an effective method to treat TMJ disorders, based on Piper’s classification.

Myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation is one of the most common causes of hospitalization of the elderly patient [1]. Coronarography followed by revascularization, is performed in the vast majority of cases of myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation, in the regions with a well-developed health system. The decision to perform the procedure, the type of approach (early/late) and the selection of the type of myocardial revascularization depend on numerous factors such as: associated comorbidities, clinical presentation, the risk group in which the patient is framed, fragility, cognitive status, life expectancy etc. [2,3]. Older patients often present with various comorbidities, having a higher risk of complications and an unfavorable evolution. Thus, it was observed that invasively treatment is less commonly used in elderly patients with comorbidities, even if, the current guideline recommends that the invasive strategy should be considered in all patients with NSTEMI, regardless of age. At the same time, this subgroup of patients is not so well represented in the studies performed so far, the type of treatment chosen, being most often at the discretion of the attending physician [1,2]. Objective The present study aims to analyze the evolution of a subgroup of patients ≥ 70 years of age, with different comorbidities, with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation, according to the type of treatment applied: conservative versus invasive strategy (diagnostic coronarography ± revascularization, if appropriate).

Nutrition plays an essential role in the maintenance of a healthy immune system. The body requires a variety of essential nutrients to support the development and function of the immune system. A balanced diet that includes a variety of vegetables, whole grains, fruit, and lean proteins can provide the necessary nutrients for optimal immune health. Additionally, research has shown that certain dietary components may have specific immunomodulatory effects. This review will discuss the evidence linking nutrition to immunity and highlight recent findings on the potential benefits of certain dietary components for immune health. 

Cancer is a serious disease that affects deeply and painfully not only the child who has cancer but also their parents. Through this study, we describe the different aspects of the impact of pediatric cancer on parents: the psychological, social, and family impact to offer optimal care to these parents. Results: mothers represent 82.5% of the participants in our survey. More than sixty percent were of urban origin. The average time from diagnosis to parents’ assessment was 7.3 months. This announcement was made by doctors in 87.5% of cases. Conscious denial of cancer when it was announced was reported in 75% of parents. The social impact of pediatric cancer on parents was significant. The child’s illness was experienced as a very significant psychological distress; all of the parents said they had given up on important projects after their children’s illness. The psycho-emotional impact was represented by feelings of guilt in 37.5% and incapacity for illness in 30%. Forty-two percent felt tensions on the marital level with significant repercussions on the couple with a type of destabilization in 60% of cases. The parent’s relationship with the rest of the family, especially siblings, was marked by neglect and anxiety in 35% and 26% respectively.Conclusion: The discovery of pediatric cancer induces various feelings that will inevitably have an impact on the parents of the affected child. Understanding the different aspects of this impact on the parents’ psycho-social, emotional and family experiences will make it possible to offer optimal care.

Oral Cancer (OC) or squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity accounts for approximately 3% of all cancers worldwide, with increased incidence in developing countries. The use of tobacco is directly associated with approximately 80% of oral cancers, especially in older men over 40 years of age. As nearly one-third of the Indian population over 15 years consume smokeless tobacco in one or the other forms, a recent increase has been observed in OC incidence among women and young adults. Lately, the sexual behaviors of young & homosexuals have resulted in the emergence of oropharyngeal cancers due to infection with HPV 16. About 60% of oral cancer cases in India have a five-year survival rate, and this can be improved to 70% to 90% by mere early detection in stages I and II and with various treatment modalities. Despite the well-known benefits of oral cancer screening for the whole population in developing countries remains controversial. It is imperative to address the cultural barriers and societal norms, which limit the acceptability and participation in screening programs in India and many developing countries. This unique challenge of increasing OC morbidity in India and developing countries requires horizontal integration of the health systems with new services focused on cancer control, which gives the best chance for long-term survival, improved outcomes, and affordable care!This article is based on the author’s experience of overseeing 1 case of early detection and 2 cases of delayed diagnosis, outcomes and relevant literature review, and current guidelines for the management of OC.

Objectives: The study’s goals are to evaluate the management of Stroke Mimics (SMs), conditions with stroke-like symptoms but non-vascular origins. It seeks to avoid the unnecessary intravenous thrombolysis, the target therapy delays and determine the best SMs diagnosis approach.Materials and methods: A review was conducted of all patients admitted to the Emergency Department under a “stroke code” from January 1, 2018, to January 31, 2019. Anamnestic and clinical data, along with information on neuroimaging protocols and findings, were collected. Advanced MRI sequences, such as Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MR perfusion and MR spectroscopy, were revised to confirm the diagnoses.Results: 513 stroke codes were found; a neurovascular disease was diagnosed in 414 cases: 282 ischemic strokes and 73 intracranial hemorrages and 59 TIAs. The 99 SMs included, 13 infections, 12 syncopes, 11 epileptic seizures, 11 hemodinamic conditions, 10 tumors, 9 metabolic disorders, 9 diziness, 7 migraines, 4 drug/alcohol intoxication, 3 functional disorders, 3 acute hydrocefalus, 2 multiple sclerosis, 2 arteriovenous malformations, 1 spinal cord compression and 2 unexplained conditions. Specific neuroimaging findings were evaluated for all cases. Positive and negative predictive values of clinical diagnosis of SM were respectively 0.23 and 0.35. 125 SM patients underwent MRI examination, 40 of which within 3 hours from the activation of stroke code. Advanced MRI sequences as ASL, MR perfusion, MR spectroscopy were used to reach the correct diagnosis.Conclusions: Advanced multimodal MRI can be a valuable tool in the assessment of, particularly in cases where conventional imaging techniques such as DWI-FLAIR mismatch are inconclusive. The novelty of this retrospective study is to demonstrate that the consistent use of arterial spin labeling perfusion in cases with stroke code leads to a rapid and accurate diagnosis of SMs. The implementation of an MRI-based pathway can expedite the diagnosis and treatment of underlying non-vascular causes such as SMs.