Articles

A specialized installation has been developed for microscopic study of the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) formation during microwave irradiation of biological samples with automated control / mechanized tube and real-time data acquisition. The above installation can be used in biomedical practice for: standardization or certification of the microwave sources; testing of the potential antioxidants that protect tissues from ROS-induced effects; testing fluorescent sensors for ROS; analysis of ROS localization and distribution in various tissues in order to establish specific pharmaco-physiotherapeutic and toxicological localizations of ROS in different topographic-anatomical zones. The paper pays special attention to the singlet oxygen produced by the samples upon microwave treatment, as a physiologically active and highly reactive agent.

I wish to draw attention to the rising influence of short video content on social media and its potential negative impacts on adult health, particularly its contribution to conditions such as hypertension.

The role of free radicals and antioxidants is often underestimated despite their involvement in key metabolic processes, although they participate in many important metabolic processes in the life of humans, animals and plants. Their quantity and quality differ from each other, which is not respected. Each cell is attacked approximately 10,000 times by free radicals. Oxidative stress is the cause of many problems, especially in viral diseases. Monitoring of redox potentials in body fluids is usually not carried out. Viral replication is influenced by oxidative energy, derived from either host metabolism or free radical activity, which is supplied by oxidation by free radicals or the host. Nucleic acid mutations due to the effect of free radicals can be the cause of carcinomas, and possible defense against mutations could help eradicate dangerous viruses. The importance of malondialdehyde and antibodies against it is discussed. Eliminating free radicals, reducing lipoperoxidation, and protecting against environmental oxidative stress are important factors for human health.Study objective: To highlight the importance of free radicals, antioxidants and redox potentials for patient diagnosis and therapy.Methods: This study synthesizes findings from multiple published sources, including our own research.Results: Findings highlight the role of free radicals in oxidative stress, DNA damage, and viral replication, with redox potential (ORP) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) identified as key diagnostic markers.Conclusion: Monitoring oxidative balance and targeting free radical activity are essential for preventing cellular damage and improving clinical outcomes in oxidative stress-related diseases.

Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH) is an inherited recessive autosomal disorder characterized by the accumulation of excess iron. When iron-binding proteins become saturated, concentrations of free or Non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) rise, a condition thought to be responsible for the adverse effects associated with HH. To investigate whether disturbing iron homeostasis plays a role in free radical injury in HH, protein carbonyls were found to be 1-7 times higher in patients with HH than in controls, with the greatest increases observed in untreated HH patients with high ferritin and > 90% transferrin saturation with iron. An unpaired t-test revealed a p value of 0.0278 (p < 0.05), which is considered statistically significant.In vitro oxidation of transferrin standards with hydrogen peroxide and excess iron, followed by immobilized trypsin digestion (Poroszyme), high-resolution LC-MS/MS analysis (Q-TOF Ultima, Waters), and MS/MS data processing (PEAKS, Bioinformatics Solution), identified several tryptic peptides containing oxidized Methionine (Met), Tryptophan (Trp), and Histidine (His) residues. Using the same methodology, oxidized residues were subsequently detected in transferrin isolated from plasma samples of patients severely affected by HH. Comparison of MS/MS spectra of in vitro oxidized samples with the most fragment ion peaks in common with oxidized peptide MS/MS spectra from patient samples revealed a strong correlation between the two. These data show that elevated NTBI may be involved in the oxidative modification of transferrin and that such modifications may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of HH.

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the properties, applications, and fabrication techniques of nanofibers, which are characterized by their ultrafine diameters and unique features such as high surface area and aspect ratio. These attributes render nanofibers particularly advantageous for a wide range of applications, especially in the biomedical sector, encompassing areas like tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound dressing. The article highlights various studies that illustrate the potential of nanofibers in addressing healthcare challenges, particularly their utilization in scaffolds for regenerative medicine and as carriers for controlled drug delivery. Furthermore, it discusses different preparation methods for nanofibers, including electrospinning and alternative techniques, while stressing the importance of polymer selection in achieving optimal drug-release properties. The article also delves into the application of nanofibers in tissue engineering, specifically for bone, cartilage, and vascular applications, and examines their emerging roles in organ-on-a-chip technology and contraceptive development. In conclusion, the article emphasizes the versatility and significance of nanofibers in advancing medical technologies and their potential to address contemporary health challenges. Collaborative efforts between material scientists and biologists are essential to foster interdisciplinary research aimed at improving electrospinning methodologies.

In this work we are concerned with identifying visible evidence that can only be observed with the naked eye and is required for experiments by forensic scientists. The search details include many visible physical properties that could be used to explain many unknowns in the crime scene, which means critical truths for different cases. The details include appearance phenomena such as color, odor, shape, size, material type, and inferred properties based on physical appearance. The properties discussed in this work can be further analyzed using specific portable apparatuses that could give very important information about the structure and nature of the properties of evidence in a crime scene. We also deal in this work with general expertise, which forensic scientists should understand and could treat to make the process of identification and characterization in crime scenes be done more systematically in a short time.

Biotechnology has always played an important role in tackling global concerns, particularly in the Global South, where socioeconomic gaps sometimes stymie scientific progress. Recent advances in synthetic biology and computational technologies have the potential to revolutionize biotechnology in these locations. Synthetic biology allows for the creation and manipulation of biological systems, with promise applications in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental control. Computational methods such as machine learning and artificial intelligence help to optimize synthetic biology processes, enabling innovations that are suited to local requirements. The combination of these cutting-edge technologies with traditional biotechnological techniques has the potential to dramatically improve the Global South's ability to solve issues such as disease outbreaks, food security, and sustainable development. This abstract outline the critical intersections of synthetic biology and computational advancements and their potential to empower the Global South, highlighting the need for supportive policies and capacity-building initiatives to maximize their impact.

The limits of classical equivalent computation based on time, dose, and fractionation (TDF) and linear quadratic models have been known for a long time. Medical physicists and physicians are required to provide fast and reliable interpretations regarding the delivered doses or any future prescriptions relating to treatment changes. In this letter, we propose an outline related to the different models usable for equivalent and biological doses that are likely to be the most appropriate. The used methodology is based on: the linear-quadratic-linear model of Astrahan, the repopulation effects of Dale, and the prediction of multi-fractionated treatments of Thames.

Aim: To compare the vision related quality of life before and after prescription of refractive glasses in school-aged children. Design: A prospective, comparative, and hospital-based interventional study was conducted at the Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, PGIMS, Rohtak between May 2021-May 2022. It involved assessment of vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in 200 school-going children of the 5-16 age group, then comparing outcomes in children with URE versus those corrected with eyeglasses. Those with significantly low visual acuity (≤ 6/9) on Snellen’s were enrolled in the study after obtaining written informed consent from parents. The Modified SREEQ was used to assess VRQoL. Various parameters of comparison included age, gender, demography, education, and improvement in VRQoL within individual study groups over time. Comparison was done before and after using prescription refractive eyeglasses with a follow-up period of 3 months. Results: The correction amongst hypermetropes, 40 out of total 200 students (20%), correction among myopes (153 of 200 students), correction amongst students with astigmatism (7 out of 200 students) resulted in changing categories from mild/moderate/severe visual impairment to normal category of visual acuity i.e., 6/6 on immediate correction with refractive glasses prescribed to them post refraction. Students with astigmatism showed an improvement in symptoms like distorted images post-refractive correction at 3 months. Thus, proving a positive role of refractive eyeglasses in reducing the burden of refractive errors in our study population and improving the visual outcome. Conclusion: VRQoL was better in students after they got their refractive errors corrected with prescription eyeglasses at 3 months as compared to their QoL evaluated at their first visit to our centre with URE. This study focused on having a holistic approach towards improvement in QoL by taking into consideration the academic, psychological, cost-effectiveness aspects of VRQoL among students in the age group 5-16 years old.

This study explores the dynamics of social exclusion in healthcare settings within the rural Ganderbal district of Kashmir, focusing on the availability of health facilities and the health-seeking behaviors of socially disadvantaged populations. Through a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from interviews and qualitative insights from observation, the research reveals significant disparities in healthcare access between rural and urban areas. Key findings indicate that rural residents face exclusion due to a scarcity of hospitals, unavailability of 24-hour medical staff, inadequate infrastructure, staffing shortages, and systemic biases, compounded by environmental and occupational challenges. Communicable diseases predominate, with majority of respondents affected, and traditional healers and medical shops serve as primary care sources over formal institutions like government hospitals. Socio-economic factors, including low literacy, reliance on agriculture, and poverty, exacerbate these issues. The study highlights higher infant mortality and malnutrition rates in rural areas compared to urban centers, underscoring the need for attitudinal shifts among healthcare providers and systemic improvements in infrastructure and policy to enhance health equity. By addressing an underexplored gap in rural health research in India, this work aims to inform strategies for inclusive healthcare delivery, potentially yielding broader societal benefits through improved well-being and demographic dividends.