Articles

Background: High blood pressure and dyslipidemia are risk factors that begin silently and share many pathophysiological mechanisms of tissue damage.Aim: Draw attention to this binomial (Hypertension and dyslipidemia) that is highly prevalent in Mexico and is mainly responsible for the leading atherothrombotic process as a cause of death in Mexico and the world.Methods: Reflective analysis of the evidence accumulated in the last 20 years. We launch key messages and support why every hypertensive patient should be treated with a statin.Results: We call for awareness to measure lipid levels and blood pressure twice a year from the age of 20 and to detect these devastating nosological entities as soon as possible. We remove the myth that PCSK9 inhibitors as well as the small interfering RNA of its synthesis are only for familial dyslipidemia. Measurement of serum Lp(a) should be routine, especially if you have a history of your own and family cardiovascular events.Conclusion: We should be aware of the little impact that health strategies have had to stop the main cause of death in Mexico. Every hypertensive patient should receive a statin, even if their serum LDLc levels are apparently normal. The great challenge of optimal control of the population with hypertension and/or dyslipidemia continues. The small interfering RNA synthesis PCSK9 should also be considered when conventional therapies are not sufficient and this situation is not infrequent.

Aim and objective: The current study aims to explore the effectiveness of food dyes as potential agents for the formation of latent fingerprints on non-porous substrates. Introduction: The development of fingerprints is a long-established forensic technique crucial for identifying perpetrators. Traditional methods often use various powders to reveal latent fingerprints on different surfaces, but these methods can be costly and pose health risks when exposed to humans. Consequently, there is an increasing demand for alternative techniques that are cost-effective while still providing high-resolution fingerprint visibility. Materials and methods: In this study, Colormist Super whip food powder red, blue, orange, turquoise, and pink was used for the Development of Latent fingerprints on different non-porous surfaces (CD, Mobile screen, Glass bottle, Mirror, Steel bottle). Results: The ColorMist Super Whip edible powders proved successful in developing high-quality finger marks with visible level 1 and level 2 fingerprint details across all substrates, showcasing its effectiveness in latent fingerprint enhancement. Conclusion: Food dyes provide a simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly method for developing latent fingerprints on nonporous surfaces. Red and black dyes consistently deliver clear ridge detail, while turquoise performs well on glass. Surface type plays a crucial role in dye effectiveness; making food dyes a practical, non-invasive alternative for on-site forensic use.

This review aims to emphasize the scientific focus on platelet therapies by presenting the results already obtained in mares susceptible to Persistent Breeding-Induced Endometritis (PBIE), as well as highlighting opportunities for further improvement. The recent publication demonstrating the absence of bacterial growth in susceptible mares treated with PRP underscores the potential of regenerative therapies to control infections without promoting the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Alternative therapies have gained prominence in the current public health context, with the World Health Organization listing antimicrobial resistance among the ten most significant global threats. Endometritis is the leading cause of subfertility in mares, and empirical antibiotic therapies are commonly used in the field due to market pressures related to the high financial value of embryos, along with logistical challenges in obtaining laboratory-dependent diagnostic results. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) is an alternative therapy derived from whole blood plasma with a high concentration of platelets. Its anti-inflammatory, regenerative, and antimicrobial properties are particularly tested when traditional therapies fail to achieve the desired effect. In recent years, research on the use of PRP in equine reproduction has primarily focused on endometritis, with a particular emphasis on persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE). However, there is a growing interest in other platelet derivatives, such as lyophilized platelet-rich plasma and platelet lysate, which offer practical field applications.

Sleep disorders represent a significant public health concern due to their widespread prevalence, impact on overall health, and the economic burden they impose. These disorders encompass a broad spectrum of conditions, ranging from insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) to narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome (RLS), and parasomnias. They are often associated with comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic dysfunctions, and mental health disorders, making their identification and management critical.The publication of this work is of high interest as it contributes to the expanding body of literature focused on understanding the complex interplay between sleep disorders and health outcomes. By presenting detailed case reports, this study provides valuable insights into the diagnostic challenges, treatment modalities, and potential avenues for personalized interventions in sleep medicine. Case reports are particularly important in this field as they shed light on unique presentations and rare conditions that might otherwise go unnoticed in large-scale epidemiological studies. From an epidemiological perspective, sleep disorders are highly prevalent globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 30% - 45% of the global population experiences sleep disturbances. Obstructive sleep apnea, for instance, affects nearly 1 billion individuals worldwide, with varying prevalence across age, gender, and geographic regions. Insomnia affects roughly 10% - 30% of adults, with rates as high as 50% - 60% in older populations.Meanwhile, narcolepsy, though rare, is estimated to affect 1 in 2,000 people in the general population. These statistics underscore the pressing need for enhanced diagnostic methods, improved treatment strategies, and comprehensive patient management. By detailing real-world cases, this publication aims to bridge the gap between clinical observations and broader scientific understanding. The insights gained from these case studies have the potential to inform future research directions, improve clinical practices, and ultimately enhance patient outcomes in sleep medicine.Sleep disorders affect millions of individuals globally, disrupting physical, mental, and emotional well-being. Conditions such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), narcolepsy, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) are among the most studied. This paper examines the etiology, diagnosis, and management of sleep disorders, presenting detailed case reports and integrating relevant sleep study findings. Figures such as polysomnography (PSG) outputs and statistical trends provide visual insights into diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Sleep disorders encompass a wide range of conditions that significantly disrupt sleep quality and overall well-being. Common disorders such as insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), narcolepsy, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) affect millions globally, posing risks to physical health, mental stability, and cognitive performance. This study explores the clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and management of sleep disorders through the lens of detailed case reports and sleep study data.Polysomnography (PSG), the gold standard for sleep disorder diagnosis, plays a pivotal role in identifying abnormal sleep patterns, respiratory irregularities, and neural disruptions. Multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT) and actigraphy complement PSG, offering insights into disorders like narcolepsy and circadian rhythm abnormalities. This paper presents three representative case reports: chronic insomnia, severe OSA, and narcolepsy with cataplexy. Each case is analyzed in-depth, highlighting patient history, PSG findings, treatment interventions, and outcomes. For chronic insomnia, cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and pharmacological intervention resulted in marked improvements in sleep latency and efficiency. In the OSA case, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy significantly reduced the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and alleviated daytime symptoms. The narcolepsy case demonstrates the efficacy of modafinil and sodium oxybate in managing excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy.Despite advancements, challenges persist in the field, including patient adherence to therapy, accessibility to specialized sleep studies, and the ethical implications of AI-driven diagnostic tools. Future research should focus on scalable, patient-centric approaches and the role of emerging technologies in enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy. This paper aims to contribute to the evolving understanding of sleep disorders, bridging clinical case insights with the broader implications for sleep health and research.

There is increasing evidence of the difficulty in understanding the “biological functioning” of some complex microbial communities. Complex microbial communities exist everywhere in nature, and the interactions among their constituent microorganisms are a crucial aspect that influences their development. The ability of microorganisms to colonize an environment includes their ability to interact with other species in the same ecosystem, as well as their ability to adapt and integrate into the evolving community. The interactions among microorganisms and not just their numbers, or the presence of different species, biotypes, and variants, in many cases, seems to become a decisive factor in understanding and analyzing the development of microbial ecosystems and the biological function of the individual microbial entities that are part of them.After working to isolate individual microbial cells and study the mechanisms of their functioning and development, it is time to embark on a backward journey “from the small to the complex” for a better understanding of complex microbial ecosystems and their application potential. The purpose of this brief contribution is to further the development of the understanding of the role of microbial communities in nature and the mode of their development and evolution.

Context: Several texts and literature suggest that corpus callosum may be sexually dimorphic. Previous researchers found that the length of the corpus callosum is larger in males than in females. Reviewing various foreign literature found that the length of the corpus callosum may change in many diseases in Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. So, knowledge of the normal morphological difference of the length of corpus callosum between Bangladeshi males and females is essential for the diagnosis in brain imaging and treatment of those diseases. Objective: The present study was conducted to provide data on the length of the corpus callosum of our people, which can be used to set a standard measurement for the Bangladeshi population. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2009 to June 2010, based on the collection of 60 human brains (male 36 and female 24) from unclaimed dead bodies. The lengths were measured by using digital slide calipers in mm.Results: The mean length of the corpus callosum in males and females in groups A, B, C & D (grouping in done on age difference) were 68.04 ± 0.99 and 67.03 ± 0.05 mm, 67.50 ± 0.13 and 67.02 ± 0.03 mm and 67.51 ± 0.03 and 67.02 ± 0.03 mm respectively.Conclusion: Statistically significant differences were found between males and females in all age groups in the length of the corpus callosum.

Congenital fibrinogen qualitative disorders, including dysfibrinogenemia and hypo-dysfibrinogenaemia, are highly heterogeneous, both in clinical manifestation and for the mutational molecular spectrum driving these disorders. Correlations between phenotype and genotype remain poorly defined. Considerable work lies ahead in order to achieve diagnostic and prognostic precision and subsequently provide targeted management for this rare disease. Here we report the laboratory test, the clinical and molecular characterisation of a family with dysfibrinogenemia.

Introduction: Busulfan (Bu)-based regimens are crucial for myeloablative conditioning in pediatric allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Despite its efficacy, Intravenous Bu has a narrow therapeutic index and variable pharmacodynamics especially in children, heightening the risk of adverse events. This study explores Bu dosing and related organ toxicities in pediatric patients at a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia.Methodology: This retrospective study at King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Dammam (KFSH-D), Saudi Arabia, included pediatric patients (≤16 years) treated with intravenous Bu before bone marrow transplantation from 2010 to 2022. Pharmacokinetic dose adjustments were based on AUC targets of 900-1350 µMol-min. Descriptive measures included mean, Standard Deviation (SD), median, minimum-maximum values, counts, and percentages. Statistical analyses used Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests. Ethical approval was obtained from KFSH-D.Results: We identified 44 pediatric patients who underwent Bu prior to HSCT. Mean age was 4.95 ± 2.49 years, with a female majority (56.8%). Primary diseases included Beta Thalassemia (34.09%), Neuroblastoma (29.55%) among others. There was no significant difference in the cohort’s demographic and clinical features of the cohort. Nonetheless, higher infections were found in the Low-AUC group (66.7%) compared to the Target-AUC (40.0%) and Higher-AUC groups (0.0%) (p = 0.015).Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for therapeutic drug monitoring and individualized Bu dosing in pediatric HSCT to minimize toxicity and improve outcomes. Larger multicenter studies are recommended to refine dosing strategies and enhance the safety and efficacy of Bu-based regimens.

In the world, millions of hectares of cultivated land are affected by salt, making salinity a major constraint for plant production. The effects of different levels of banana peel on growth, yield, and chemical changes of jute (Corchorus olitorius L.) under salt stress were examined herein. Response of jute to applications of different levels of banana peel (5, 10, and 15 t ha-1), as well as water irrigation salinity at 50, 100, and 200 mM NaCl were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. The outcome uncovered that salinity caused significant reduction of plant growth and yield parameters, chlorophyll (at 21.6%), LRWC (at 18.9%), P (at 57.1%) and K (at 45.4%) content, while MDA content (at 351.8%), Na (at 266%), soluble proteins (70.2%), total phenolic (at 23.4%) accumulation showed an increase from 0 to 200 mM NaCl without BP application. The banana peel treatments (at 15 t ha-1 under 200 mM NaCl) diminished significantly damaging effects caused by salinity via a reduction in the Na (at 28.4%), total soluble sugars (at 17.8%), total flavonoids (at 20.1%), which enhanced number of leaves per plant (37.1%), plant height (at 19.8%), leave yield (at 41.4%), LRWC (at 12.8%), Mg (at 24.2%) and reduced the MDA content (at 20%), presenting a favorable effect in reducing the oxidative stress that emerged from salt stress. It could be concluded, that the application of 15 t ha-1 of BP was superior in promoting plant growth, yield, and nutritional quality than others under control and in the saline soils in this study. BP at 15 t ha-1 had a more reduced damage of salt stress effect on growth, yield, nutritional value, and use efficiency.

We know that until today no experiment observation has shown the existence of Supersymmetric particles [1] or additional dimensions.