Emerging Risk of Microplastics on Health, Agriculture and Environment
Published on: 30th April, 2024
Exposure to microplastics is unavoidable, and a vast amount of microplastics are traveling around the oceans. Microplastics are considered one of the major potential pollutants due to their exposure and interference with the health of humans, animals, aquatic species, agriculture, etc. Shockingly, the microplastic was also detected in the human placenta (fetal and amniochorial membranes), which could cause long-term effects on human health. The disposal of plastic into the oceans is the most happening process across the globe; thereby, microplastic pollution is evident, leading to a huge risk to marine species. Also, the accumulation of microplastics on soil or land leads to an increase in pH value, thereby affecting the surface water and soil-groundwater medium, eventually affecting plant and human health. At the same time, microplastics and their particles are found in milk, meat, and other edible items, which directly affects human health. The appearance of microplastic particles in insects, birds, animals, and even human blood indicates its adverse effect on the environment. This review has discussed the impact of microplastic on the health of humans, aquatic species, and agriculture.
The Healing and Aging-related Properties of Adipose Tissue Fragments Obtained through the Guided SEFFI Procedure’s Mechanical Fragmentation are Facilitated by the Exosomes Present in the Final Injection
Published on: 1st May, 2024
The Injection of autologous Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) and Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) into dermal and subdermal layers can improve skin volume and rejuvenation. The SEFFI (Superficial Enhanced Fluid Fat Injection) technique, which involves minimal manipulation of autologous microfragmented adipose tissue, was utilized for harvesting and re-injection, using the SEFFILLER™ disposable medical device. Mechanical fragmentation of adipose tissue is a well-established surgical technique that stimulates tissue regeneration, filler, and biological activity. The study evaluated the biological properties (regenerative and anti-aging) of different harvest and processing fat graft methods among which the fragmented adipose tissue, specifically focusing on the presence of exosomes. Exosomes, nanometer-sized vesicles produced by cells for cellular communication, were found to contain miRNAs with anti-inflammatory, regenerative, and vascular content. The products’ contained exosomes were confirmed in the study through electron microscopy, Western Blotting, gene expression, and sequencing of miRNA content.
Forensic Aspects and Dilemmas in Gynecological Laparoscopy
Published on: 29th April, 2024
Gynecological laparoscopy has to be analyzed also in the context of complications that occur during the surgical procedures. Complications occur daily. For this reason, emphasis should be placed on lifelong continuous education and training. Given the risks and complications we face, we must be trained to deal with them. This improves the safety of laparoscopic operations. Without such certainty, gynecological laparoscopy would not be the method of choice in a minimally invasive approach. This requires significant commitment, effort, and responsibility. In this way, we provide our patients with the best and highest quality healthcare service. Likewise, with such an approach, the frequency of complications is reduced to a minimum. New perspectives and possibilities are associated with the application of robotic surgery.
Assessment of Redox Patterns at the Transcriptional and Systemic Levels in Newly Diagnosed Acute Leukemia
Published on: 29th April, 2024
Background: Acute leukemia is the result of clonal transformation and proliferation of a hematopoietic progenitor giving rise to poorly differentiated neoplastic cells. Reactive oxygen species play a role in maintaining the quiescence, self-renewal, and long-term survival of hematopoietic stem cells, but it is unclear how they would affect disease onset and progression. The aim is to evaluate, at the transcriptional and systemic level, the oxidative-inflammatory status in newly diagnosis acute leukemia patients. Methods: Seventy acute leukemia patients [26 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 13 Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL), and 31 Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)] and forty-one healthy controls were analyzed. Malondialdehyde and catalase activity were evaluated. Gene expression of NRF2, SOD, PRDX2, CAT, IL-6, and TNF-α was analyzed by real-time PCR.Results: Malondialdehyde concentration was similar in all groups studied. Catalase activity was significantly higher in AML and APL patients compared to controls, while ALL showed similar activity to the healthy group. NRF2, CAT, and PRDX2 expression levels were similar between groups, SOD expression was downregulated in all acute leukemia patients. TNF-α expression was lower in AML groups than in healthy individuals, and IL-6 mRNA expression was downregulated in ALL and APL.Conclusion: This is the first report that correlates transcriptional and systemic parameters associated with the oxidative inflammatory status in newly diagnosed acute leukemia. Some of the parameters evaluated could be used as biomarkers in the selection of an effective therapeutic strategy and will open new directions for the follow-up and evolution of this disease.
Texture Analysis of Hard Tissue Changes after Sinus Lift Surgery with Allograft and Xenograft
Published on: 29th April, 2024
In the realm of dental surgery, implants are essential for replacing missing teeth. To facilitate implant placement, techniques such as bone grafting and sinus lifts are utilized to augment the volume of atrophied alveolar bone in candidates for dental implants. Typically, patients undergo a period of recovery following bone grafts before proceeding with implant placement. This study investigates the efficacy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in measuring the residual bone volume and assessing bone quality after the healing phase. A texture analysis was conducted on CBCT scans from 42 patients requiring maxillary sinus lift reconstruction. These patients were categorized into two groups based on the type of grafting material used: Xenograft or allograft. The study analyzed the distribution of various texture parameters and conducted a Mann-Whitney U test to identify significant statistical differences between the groups. Results indicated non-normal distributions for specific variables such as Area_S(1,0) and S(1,0)SumOfSqs, while others like S(1,0)Entropy displayed normal distributions. The findings revealed no significant statistical differences in the primary outcomes between the xenograft and allograft groups. However, the average values of the gray shades of pixels in the allograft group were statistically significantly higher compared to the xenograft group, suggesting differences in bone texture post-procedure.
Electronic and Thermo-Dynamical Properties of Rare Earth RE2X3 (X=O, S) Compounds: A Chemical Bond Theory
Published on: 24th April, 2024
The electrical, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of cubic structured rare earth sesqui-chalcogenides RE2X3 (RE = La-Lu, X = O, S) are examined in this work using the chemical bond theory of solids. For these materials, the values of the homopolar gaps (Eh), ionic gaps (Ec), and average energy gaps (Ep) have been assessed. It has been discovered that the calculated values of the homopolar gap (Eh) and average energy gap (Ep) are in great agreement with the values derived from the Penn and Phillips models. The electrical, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of these materials (RE2O3), such as their bulk modulus and heat of formation, have been estimated using the bond ionicity values. The computed values accord very well with the theoretical results that have been published thus far.PACS No.: 71.20.Eh, 71.15.Mb, 61.50.Ks, 71.15.Mb
A Critical Review on Some Recent Developments in Comparison of Biological Sequences
Published on: 25th April, 2024
The present review highlights some of the very important contributions to non-alignment ways of comparing biological sequences, which may be genome sequences of nucleotides, protein sequences of amino acids, or sequences of protein secondary structures. The discussion centers around specific methods applicable to the comparison of three types of sequences. The methods of comparison of genome sequences are based on three pairs of biological groups of nucleotides; the same for protein sequences are based on either physio-chemical property values of amino acids or on classified groups of amino acids of different cardinalities obtained from the physio-chemical properties; the same for sequences of secondary structures of proteins are based on their sequential expressions of structure elements of cardinality three and four. Comparison is made in the time domain and also in the frequency domain. Different taxa of known phylogeny are considered for comparison. It tries to find out the specific method of comparison, which can show the exact phylogeny of the taxa. If a new sequence appears in the database, it becomes essential to know its phylogeny. For this purpose, a phylogenetic tree is drawn on the sequences of the known taxa together with this new sequence using the best possible method. If the species having this new sequence belongs to the old taxa, there is nothing to worry about. Otherwise, the species with the new sequence has to be studied separately. This is the general reason for the construction of a phylogenetic tree in any form of biological sequence comparison.
Evaluation of Soil Water Characteristic Curves of Boron added Sand-bentonite Mixtures using the Evaporation Technique
Published on: 25th April, 2024
Compacted bentonite or sand-bentonite mixtures are considered buffer/backfill materials in the engineering barriers of deep geological repositories for high-level nuclear waste (HLW) disposal in many countries. The design and long-term functionality of nuclear repositories have critical importance for environmental safety and public health. The initially unsaturated buffer material could become re-saturated long after following the sealing of the repository. Although the saturation degree of the buffer might decrease due to high temperatures and evaporation, it tends to increase with groundwater intrusion. Therefore, the soil water characteristic curves (SWCCs) for these unsaturated soils are a key factor in geotechnical engineering. Yet, the determination of SWCCs can be time-consuming and prone to inaccuracies. The HYPROP (Hydraulic Property Analyzer) evaporation technique is a preferred method for accurately determining water retention curves of soils. This reliable method was applied to estimate the water retention curves for sand-bentonite mixtures in the presence of boron minerals. Known for their minimal thermal expansion and commonly used in various industries, boron minerals may improve the thermal stability of sand-bentonite mixtures. The findings revealed that the boron addition increased the water retention capacity of the 10% bentonite mixtures but had a negligible impact on the 20% bentonite mixtures.
Toxicity and Phytochemical Analysis of Five Medicinal Plants
Published on: 25th April, 2024
Recent studies have shown that long-term uses of herbs have been associated with a rise in morbidity and mortality rates. While most researches are focused on bioactivity investigations, the toxicity of many plants has not been reported. There is a paucity of data on the potential toxicity of the following plants: Harungana madagascariensis (HM), Pterocarpus osun (PO), Phoenix dactylifera (PD), Annona muricata (AM), and Rutidea parviflora (RP). To evaluate the toxicity of the above-mentioned plants; two tests were employed namely: The Brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) and the Allium cepa test. A correlation between the oral acute toxicity assay in mice and the LC50 obtained from BSLT has been established. Allium cepa test measures the potential genotoxic effects of plant extracts exerted on the root meristem of A. cepa (onions). Plant extracts were administered in concentrations ranging from 100 to 2500 µg/ml to the A. cepa for 72 h to obtain their Mitotic Indices (MI) and EC50. Results of the MI at 2500 µg/ml for HM, PO, PD, AM, and RP were 3.75, 4.96, 5.96, 6.10, and 6.71 while 281.81, 398.11, 501.19, 630.96, and 707.9 µg/ml were obtained as the respective EC50 values. Furthermore, 10-1000 mcg/ml concentrations were administered in the BSLT and the obtained LC50 values were 116.3, 250, 581.5, 581.5, and 750 µg/ml. The toxicity result demonstrated that the five plants were moderately toxic, with RP exhibiting minimal toxicity values and thus potentially having a good safety profile. The phytochemical screening of these plants revealed the presence of some pharmacologically important classes of compounds that are abundant. Several bioactive and toxic compounds were identified in the GC-MS analysis for some of the plants.
Reducing CO2 in Passive House Adapted Low-cost Tropical Homes?
Published on: 26th April, 2024
The background of this novel study is how to apply an empirically adjusted Passive House concept in the tropics - beyond its otherwise prevailing global standards. Even though well-insulated houses have been on the planet since people settled down in some of their first dwellings, passive in the 21st century is different. It includes strict rules for airtightness and fitting of windows along with a sophisticated concept for artificial ventilation. Fresh air reachable from outside by filtered ventilation with heat recovery describes the heart of the system - if natural outside air is not preferable, it is convenient just in seasons with thermal comfort.Hence, the purpose and aim of the study presented here is to use a less common and at the same time more cost-saving approach: It might seem that the modern type of passive house entails the same standards that have been developed firmly on its own global market niche. However, this article tries to contribute toward a new development of modern passive homes for low-cost affordable tropical and subtropical houses in their entirety.As a concluding note, the author states that nobody has ever disproven this evolving concept as a combination of airtightness and a new way of forced ventilation without heat- or coolness recovery which is highly applicable for low-cost residential areas in tropical countries. By generating lower temperatures, it can help to surpass the overheating caused by climate change in certain tropical climate zones in higher altitudes and during cooler seasons. The condition is that the occupants are willing to accept a thermal comfort of up to 28 °C and humidity in its 70s and 80s.
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