Articles

Monkeypox is a rare zoonotic infection originating in the regions of Central and West Africa. The global threat has been arising since monkeypox is spreading outside of the endemic regions. Pakistan has recently exhausted health funds in a quarrel against SARS-CoV-2, by supplying expensive COVID-19 vaccines to the general public, free of cost. Pakistan’s government has remarkably contributed to lowering the suffering of COVID-19-affected patients by granting the Sehat Sahulat Programme and similar health initiatives to restrict viral propagation in the general public. However, despite all efforts the major constraints are a lack of international funds and limitations on the budget of healthcare systems and medical facilities. Newly emerged cases of monkeypox are very threatening to Pakistan’s economy and health. Therefore, it is very necessary that healthcare authorities take effective measures like surveillance, early identification, separation, monitoring of contacts, immunization, and public awareness in order to stop the spread of the virus and control monkeypox outbreaks.

Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections (CRBSIs) are severe healthcare-associated complication that occurs when bacteria enter the bloodstream through a catheter. The risk of CRBSIs is influenced by various factors. Prolonged catheter placement increases the risk, as each day increases the potential for bacterial colonization and bloodstream infection. Proper aseptic technique and a sterile environment during catheter insertion are essential to minimize infection risk. Stringent infection control measures during insertion, including sterile gloves, thorough hand hygiene, and appropriate skin disinfection, are crucial. Inadequate catheter site care and suboptimal catheter management can contribute to CRBSIs. Regular cleaning, disinfection, and dressing changes are necessary to reduce the risk of infection. The type of catheter used also affects infection risk. Central Venous Catheters (CVCs) and arterial catheters, especially those inserted into the jugular or subclavian vein, carry a higher risk of CRBSIs compared to peripheral venous catheters. Individuals with compromised immune systems, such as chemotherapy patients, organ transplant recipients, and those with HIV/AIDS, are more susceptible to CRBSIs. Patients with existing infections, like pneumonia or urinary tract infections, are at a heightened risk of acquiring CRBSIs due to potential cross-contamination. Healthcare professionals who fail to practice thorough hand hygiene before and after catheter-related procedures can introduce pathogens into the bloodstream. Leaving catheters in place when no longer necessary or using them unnecessarily elevates the risk of infection. To prevent CRBSIs, strict infection control protocols, including effective hand hygiene, sterile catheter insertion techniques, routine site care, and prompt catheter removal when no longer needed, are imperative. Healthcare facilities often implement specific protocols to mitigate CRBSI risk and enhance patient safety.

The Masquelet technique has become increasingly popular in reconstruction scenarios such as osteomyelitis, cancer, and nonunions. The procedure is a two-staged approach: first, a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement spacer is inserted to fill a bone void. The spacer induces a membrane to form around it, and 6-9 weeks later, the second stage involves carefully extracting the spacer and filling the membrane with bone graft. Most of the current literature has published either femoral or tibial involvement for Masquelet studies, with limited published data on foot reconstruction. Here, the authors used the procedure for the fourth metatarsal. Despite complications, this case proves a more excellent utility and warrants further investigation into Masquelet techniques in the foot.

Mesenteric cysts and cystic mesenteric tumors are very rare abdominal growths. They may be localized all over the mesentery, from the duodenum to the rectum, however, they are mostly found in the ileum and right colon mesentery. There are several classifications of these formations, among which the one based on histopathologic features including 6 groups has been most commonly used: 1) cysts of lymphatic origin--lymphatic (hilar cysts) and lymphangiomas; 2) cysts of mesothelial origin--benign or malignant mesothelial cysts; 3) enteric cysts; 4) cysts of urogenital origin; 5) dermoid cysts; and 6) pseudocysts-infectious or traumatic etiology.A dermoid cyst is a benign, epithelial-lined cavitary lesion composed of ectoderm and mesoderm that can arise anywhere in the body, with a tendency to develop in midline structures.In 20% - 45% of cases, accompanying diseases that were not previously clinically manifested can be diagnosed during emergency interventions, requiring additional surgical interventions for their correction.The aim of the study is to demonstrate the successful treatment experience of a dermoid cyst of the mesentery of the jejunum, detected after traditional appendectomy.Clinical case:  A mother brought her 9-year-old son, V., to the emergency department of the Kursk Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital with complaints of moderate-intensity pain in the right iliac region, multiple episodes of vomiting, and fever. Ultrasound features indicative of destructive appendicitis and peritonitis. In an emergency situation, after preoperative preparation, a traditional appendectomy was performed under intravenous anesthesia, using the Volkovich-Dyakonov approach. The postoperative period was uneventful. Moderate infiltration was observed on the control abdominal ultrasound examination, in the intestine (presumably the small intestine) in the right half of the abdominal cavity, with a solid formation measuring 27*33 mm, producing a dense acoustic shadow. On the 7th day after the initial intervention, a revision of the abdominal organs was performed. The loop of the jejunum with the formation was brought out into the wound. The capsule above the formation was dissected: the formation of bone density, when the capsule is separated, resembles a fecal stone in structure, considering the localization - a dermoid cyst. Step-by-step enucleation of the cyst was performed. The postoperative wound was tightly sutured in layers.

This review article deals with quantum biology, the new tool that helps traditional biology unravel some mysteries concerning life and living organisms on Earth. We use Einstein’s famous equation to explain how an unknown energy realm creates the material universe. We demonstrate how material existence precedes living existence and elucidate how non-living atoms transition to living molecules, Francis Crick’s faded dream that comes to reality. Finally, we expose the two types of Information available inside a cell to sustain life in living organisms and elaborate on a new formulation of the biogenesis theory.

A Gamma Ionization Chamber was developed for the purpose of high gamma radiation detection during accident conditions in a Light Water reactor. The pre-eminence of the detector is that it was designed and developed to monitor gamma exposure rates in the wide range of 100 mR/hr to 107 R/hr. The detector has an overall diameter of 90 mm with a length of 400 mm. The response of the detector is accurate and the sensitivity is within ± 6% over gamma energies ranging from 660 KeV to 1.25 MeV. The detector operates with a DC voltage of 500V. The V0.9 voltage is about 250V for 107 R/hr. The estimated operation life of the detector is about 20 years. 

The purpose of this work is to implement methods and develop tools for nonlinear dynamic identification of the Oculomotor System (OMS) “input-output” in the form of Multidimensional Transient Functions (MTF) based on eye tracking data and their use in an information system for diagnosing the psychophysiological state of a person. The object of the study is the process of diagnosing the psychophysiological state of an individual based on innovative eye-tracking technology. The subject of the research is computational algorithms and software for determining diagnostic features based on identification data of compulsory medical insurance in the form of MTF, constructing a Bayesian classifier using machine learning in the established space of the most informative features. A methodology has been developed and implemented for the experimental study of human compulsory mental health using innovative eye-tracking technology to record compulsory mental health responses to test visual stimuli. The obtained empirical data from input-output studies are used for the identification of OMS based on Volterra polynomials. Experimental studies of compulsory medical insurance of respondents were carried out before and after the working day. Based on the data obtained using the Tobii Pro TX300 eye tracker, the transient functions of the first, second, and third orders of the OMS were determined. Variability of second and third order transient functions was revealed for different psychophysiological states of the respondent (normal or fatigue). Thus, it seems appropriate to use MTF in diagnostic studies in the fields of neuroscience and psychology. Information technology for diagnosing human psychophysiological conditions has been further developed through the use of compulsory health insurance information models based on Volterra polynomials as a source of primary data. This allows for an increase in the accuracy of OMS modeling and, consequently, enhances the reliability of diagnosis within the framework of the proposed heuristic features. A set of heuristic features is proposed, which are determined using integral and differential transformations of the MTF OMS. The information content of individual features and all possible combinations of them in pairs was studied using the Probability of Correct Recognition (PCR) indicator. Two-dimensional feature spaces with the maximum PCR value (0.938) were identified during the diagnosis of a person’s psychophysiological state.

Tuva has been a cattle-breeding region since ancient times, extremely continental climate of this region is little suitable for agriculture. However, the steppes of intermountain depressions in Tuva were heavily plowed by the early 1980s. In the 1990s most of the arable lands were abandoned; the process of restoration (demutation) of natural vegetation on fallow lands began. By now, 30 years later, the old fallows are expected to achieve the stage of the secondary steppe.The purpose of this work is to estimate the differences between virgin steppes and corresponding secondary steppes in Tuva. Tussock, hummock, and desert virgin steppes have been compared with corresponding to three types of 30-year-old fallow communities. For this study, 330 geobotanical releves have been used. The criteria for comparison have been chosen as follows: the similarity of species composition, the spectrum of dominant species, species richness, grass cover, and grass height. The statistical validity of their differences has been verified. According to these criteria, virgin steppes and their 30-year-old fallow derivatives are shown to differ significantly.

Diffuse pediatric-type high-grade glioma H3-wildtype and IDH-wildtype (pHGG H3/IDH WT) is a heterogeneous entity that is currently defined by a combination of highly malignant morphology, glial or primitive neuroectodermal differentiation, and a number of molecular features. Depending on the DNA methylation profile in pHGG H3/IDH WT, three molecular subgroups are distinguished, one of which (pHGG MYCN) is characterized by amplification of the indicated gene. We report a unique case of pHGG H3/IDH WT in a 19-year-old girl with a deletion of the MYCN gene and constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome.