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We investigated the effect of exercise therapy by simultaneously using motor imagery of thumb or all finger extension on the affected side and thumb or all finger extension exercise on the unaffected side by using the F-wave, which is used to measure the excitability of anterior horn cells to devise an appropriate exercise therapy using motor imagery for patients with increased muscle tone of the thumb muscles on the affected side. Tasks 1, 2, 3, and 4 involved motor imagery of thumb extension on the affected side, motor imagery of finger extension on the affected side, motor imagery of thumb extension on the affected side based on thumb extension on the unaffected side, and finger extension on the affected side based on finger extension on the unaffected side, respectively; conducted in three trials, with one week or more between each trial. Each task was performed for one minute, with a five-minute interval between tasks. The F-waves from the thenar muscles were recorded with median nerve stimulation on the affected side before and during the tasks. The relative values of the F-wave data of the task and the F-wave data before (resting state) and during the tasks were calculated. In results, the relative data of the F/M amplitude ratio in task 4 was lower than that in the other tasks in three trials. In conclusion, motor imagery of finger extension on the affected side with finger extension movement on the unaffected side was effective for improving the muscle tone of the thenar muscles on the affected side.

Introduction: The world is currently facing the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with evolving 2nd wave. The COVID-19 patients present most commonly with Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) in an emergency room with acute onset fever, cough, and breathlessness. However, not all SARI cases as per definition are due to COVID-19 infection, which is well proven in this case series of 113 cases of SARI. This is just the opposite of the other SARI series done in the pre-COVID-19 era. Also, no previous SARI case series data has shown significant association with Diabetes Mellitus, including new-onset diabetes thus figuring out the major Pathophysiological association of COVID-19 with glucose metabolism and has a bearing on the pathogenesis, treatment, and outcome of COVID-19 infection and perpetuity of pandemic of this magnitude. Here we raise concern for the first time about the growing association of an infectious pandemic with the lifestyle disorders which are non-communicable diseases but carry with them the potential of fertile soil for rapidly spreading epidemics.Aim and objective: To find out the etiology, clinical profile, treatment outcome, and mortality rate in different sub-groups of SARI cases in a tertiary care hospital and the incidence of new-onset Diabetes Mellitus in them and to investigate theoretically the hypothesis that maintaining normal glucose metabolism could prevent progression of a mild Flu-like illness (FLI) to a severe form of Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) and consequent complications such as Cytokine Storm Syndrome and Multi-Organ failure.Design: Retrospective, single-center case series of 113 SARI patients at a tertiary care hospital in Agra India between 1 March- 30 October 2020.Main outcome: The demographics, clinical, pathological, imaging, and treatment outcome data were collected. The SARI cases analyzed were defined as “Severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs) an acute respiratory illness of recent onset (within seven days) manifested by fever (≥38°C), cough and shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing requiring hospitalization and were sub-classified according to the primary etiology producing SARI in them. The findings were compiled and compared. Conclusion: Of the 113 patients of SARI – 32.7 %were associated with Diabetes, with 9.74% new-onset Diabetes and 26 % previously known Diabetes. This was mainly due to SARS-CoV-2 (24 Diabetics out of 52 COVID-19 cases- 46.1 %).The Average hospitalization stay of SARI cases was 10 days with a maximum in SARS-CoV-2 and a minimum stay of 5.22 days in Bacterial Pneumonia and 5.66 days in Koch’s Lungs.The death rate was maximum (4 out of 26) 15.3%. Hospitalized TB/Koch’s Lung patients who presented as SARI and 3.8% in Bacterial Pneumonia, 2.43% in SARS-CoV-2, and <1% in Sepsis.Those SARI cases who were euglycemic at the time of initial presentation recovered early and carried a good prognosis with less mortality as compared to those who were hyperglycemic on presentation. Also, those FLI cases who maintained euglycemia or did not have any other risk factor which predisposes them to stress (Diabetes, Prolonged fasting, Obesity, major organ disorder, Psychological disorder, and Cancer) did not progress to SARI as the endogenous steroid secretion and sympathetic activation did not occur, the intracellular pH levels remained in the alkaline range.10.18% of cases developed new-onset diabetes (a total of 11 cases) out of which 10 were in COVID-19. Thus 19.2% incidence of new-onset diabetes in SARS-CoV-2 and a prevalence of 26.9% in SARS-CoV-2, making total diabetes 46.1% in SARS-CoV-2, and out of all SARI cases, 26 % of patients developed pulmonary fibrosis with consequent long-term complications. In COVID-19 patients, it was seen only in diabetics SARS CoV-2 male patients, thus no death in non-diabetic females in COVID-19 in this case series.

The overall incidence of meningitis in infants 0-90 days is low; however, it remains a serious cause of morbidity and mortality among affected patients. It is standard of care to perform lumbar punctures as part of the work-up of fever in the first four weeks of life and sick-looking babies up to the age of 90 days. This particular procedure is often refused by parents, and physicians are left to predict the possibility of meningitis based on blood culture results.The aim of this study is to determine whether it would be safe to rule out meningitis based on a negative blood culture in this age group.

Steady-state VEPs, have been used to estimate visual acuity since the 1970s and allow responses to a range of stimulus sizes to be collected rapidly- with particular utility in infants. However, the assessment of children with cortical visual impairment is a bigger challenge that lead to the development of the Step VEP. Its initial evaluation revealed that accuracy and precision were poorer for pediatric patients than for optically degraded normal adults and that it was not necessarily successful in every child. Statistical models generated the equations: VAO = 0.56 VAStep (r2 = 0.75, F = 60.93, p = 0.000) and VAPL = 0.45 VAStep (r2 = 0.82, F = 156.85, p = 0.000), supported by a recent a systematic review of VA comparisons showing that recognition VA (optotypes) agrees more closely than discrimination VA (PL) with VEP VA. In combination, Step VEPS and subjective tests allowed complete assessment in 96% of patients, with incomplete Step VEPS much more likely to be partially successful than not, and more likely to be partially successful than incomplete subjective tests. This supports the rationale that Step VEPs maintain attention by limiting the time spent stimulating away from an individual’s threshold of spatial resolution. For the small number of patients in whom VA cannot be estimated, alternative stimuli and methods of presentation are proposed. 

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak has led to some lockdowns and changed human mobility and lifestyle in this country. Mashhad, one of the most polluted cities in Iran has experienced critical air pollution conditions in recent years. In the present study, the potential relationships between air quality conditions (such as popular index and criteria air pollutant concentration) and COVID-19 cases and deaths were investigated in Mashhad, Iran. To do that, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based hybrid deep learning architecture was implemented on AQI, meteorological data (such as temperature, sea level pressure, dew points, and wind speed), traffic index and impact number of death, and active cases COVID-19 from March 2019 to March 2022 in Mashhad. The results reveal the LSTM model could predict the AQI accurately. The lower error between the real and predicted AQI, including MSE, MSLE, and MAE is 0.0153, 0.0058, and 0.1043, respectively. Also, the cosine similarity between predicted AQI and real amounts of it is 1. Moreover, in the first peak of the pandemic (Aug 2021), we have the minimum amount of AQI. Meanwhile, by increasing the number of active cases and death and by starting lockdown, because the traffic is decreased, the air quality is good and the amount of AQI related to PM2.5 is 54.68. Furthermore, the decrease the active cases and death in pandemic causes a significant increase in AQI, which is 123.52 in Nov 2021, due to a decline in lockdowns, resumption of human activities, and probable temperature inversions. 

Background: COVID-19 is the extreme smash of the present-day century that emaciated fitness, financial system, and ordinary life.Objectives: This research assessed the condition and relation of tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths of SARS-CoV-2 from January to May 30, 2022. Methods: The research plan was carried out from January 1 to May 31, 2022 (n = 151 days) to state the position of Bangladesh towards widespread COVID-19. The facts in this study became acquired from extraordinary government groups.Results: The total cases, infections, recoveries, and deaths were 2633750, 367208, 357309, and 1053, respectively, during the study period. In January 2022, the total number of COVID-19 tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths was 987194, 213294, 19112, and 315, respectively. In February 2022, the total number of COVID-19 tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths was 922657, 143744, 250422, and 643, respectively. In March 2022, the total number of COVID-19 tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths was 353555, 5810, 49727, and 63, respectively. In April 2022, the total number of COVID-19 tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths was 152691, 977, 12490, and 7, respectively. In May 2022, the total number of COVID-19 tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths was 127950, 1016, 6166, and 4, respectively. The maximum and the minimum number of COVID-19 tests were 49492 and 1653 on January 25 and May 4, respectively. The maximum and the minimum number of COVID-19 infestations were 16033 and 1653 on January 22 and May 5, respectively. The maximum and minimum number of COVID-19 recovered were 13853 and 1653 on February 13 and May 9, respectively. The maximum and the minimum number of COVID-19 death was 43 and 0 on February 8 and in several days in 2022, respectively. In the 0.01 level of the two-tailed Spearman, the relationship was positive to moderate to strong relationships and the total number was n=151. The mean Spearman correlation for tests was 0.83 (range 0.973 to 0.633), for infested was 0.81 (range 0.579 to 0.973), for recovered was 0.61 (range 0.633 to 0.618), for death was 0.81 (range 0.553876 to 0.618). This research additionally showed a moderate to strong relationship between tests, infections, recoveries, and deaths of SARS-CoV-2.Conclusion: COVID-19 has spread out unexpectedly to 64 districts in Bangladesh. The persevering with the occurrence of COVID-19 infections has emphasized the significance of the short and accurate and advanced 118 laboratory diagnoses to restriction it unfolds. In this situation, human beings must keep away from public gatherings as plenty as possible and pass return home as speedy as possible after finishing work in a public place. It is safer now because the vaccine controlled the infestation and death rate of COVID-19 in Bangladesh.

Hoarseness of voice can occur due to anatomical or functional abnormality of the larynx, vocal cord, or recurrent laryngeal nerves. Common cause includes infections, blunt trauma, iatrogenic affection of recurrent laryngeal nerve, malignancies of thyroid, esophagus, and lung and cardio-vascular conditions such as mitral stenosis. Vocal cord paralysis due to respiratory cause is known as a pulmonary vocal syndrome. 

Objectives: This novel study explores the leadership traits held by people with substance use disorder. The purpose of this study is to help advance understanding of the positive qualities people with substance use disorder possess which can produce positive societal and organizational benefits once that person enters recovery. Additionally, this understanding can provide insight into effective treatment approaches that incorporate personal attributes that are present within active addiction. Methods: A qualitative methodology was used which included semi-structured interviews, observations, and a focus group which allowed the researcher to conduct a thematic coding analysis. The participants came from diverse backgrounds and included participants from multiple regions across the United States. Leadership was defined as having various dimensions of effective leadership that are found in both Transformational and Authentic Leadership Theories. Results: The findings revealed that people in addiction possess numerous leadership traits which position them for effective leadership and are further enhanced during their recovery journey. The top three traits which emerged from the data indicate that people in recovery from addiction are authentic, tenacious, and empathetic. Additionally, those in recovery have strong abilities to empower and inspire others and demonstrate posttraumatic growth which helps establish significant bonds of trust and commitment among followers. Conclusion: The impact of this study will change how people view addiction. Identifying the hidden treasures of leadership which are present in those struggling with addiction could illuminate recovery pathways that help identify purpose and value. This would not only advance treatment opportunities but greatly assist organizations that need strong leadership. People with substance use disorder have all the right tools to become effective leaders, and this understanding can help mitigate the stigma associated with addiction and paint it in a more positive light. 

Background: Posterior pericardiotomy (PP) is helpful to prevent arrhythmia; especially atrial fibrillation (AF), and cardiac tamponade postoperative cardiac valve surgery. The incidence of postoperative AF is increased due to postoperative pericardial effusion (PE). This study aimed to investigate the early outcome of PP after heart valve surgery. Methods: In this prospective study, 120 patients underwent elective valve heart surgery at our center from January 2020 until April 2022. Patients were followed up for AF and pericardial effusion, and reopening due to tamponade. Results: The mean age of patients was 35.26 years, 70.2% were female and 29.8% were male. Surgery was elective and all were valve surgery. The incidence of postoperative AF was 2%, and pericardial effusion was seen in 1% of patients. Tamponade was not seen in any case. Left PE needed intervention tube drainage of 2%. Conclusion: Posterior pericardiotomy is a simple and safe procedure during valve heart surgery, and it is effective in reducing the incidence of atrial fibrillation, pericardial effusion, and tamponade.

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) is a member of the Poaceae family and tetraploid (genomes of AABB) with 28 chromosomes (2n=4x=28). Narrow genetic variability was a problem to develop genotypes with better adaptation to different agro-ecologies. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variability, divergence, and path coefficient analysis of durum wheat genotypes by using morphological traits and identifying essential yield-related traits of durum wheat, and to identify promising candidate genotypes to be used in future durum wheat breeding program. The study was carried out on 81 genotypes and the experiment was laid out in a triple lattice design with an arrangement of 9 x 9 x 3 treatment, which made 243 experimental units. Results obtained on genetic variability, path coefficient, and genetic divergent analysis among yield-related traits are presented here under the present study. Generally, the present study revealed the existence of significant genetic variability among the tested genotypes for different traits helpful for direct and indirect selection.This study recommended that the potential durum wheat genotypes 214552, 208150, 238516, 5645, Mekuye, 236984, 7960, 7152, 231599, and 208242 could be used for durum wheat breeding programs for yield and yield component traits improvement under similar agro-ecologies.

A 61 - year-old physically fit and athletic man presented to his dermatologist with a 10 mm raised, dark lesion on the left side of his neck. A complete skin examination did not show any other abnormal areas of skin. Pathology was found consistent with Merkel cell cancer, and the patient was referred to surgery for a wide local excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy. A PET scan did not show any other areas of concern. At surgery, one of two sentinel lymph nodes was found to be involved with Merkel cell cancer and the patient received postoperative radiation.

Based on the differences between RNA and DNA, formulas for the natural frequency of torsional vibrations of single and double RNAs are obtained.It is shown that, despite the fact that millimeter waves are delayed by the skin of the human body, there are conditions under which they can freely penetrate through the human body.It is shown that centimeter waves, whose frequencies are multiples of the natural frequencies of torsional vibrations of the spirals of short DNA or RNA viruses, can cause subharmonic resonance in the spirals of RNA and DNA, which leads to the destruction of these molecules. Centimeter waves of non-thermal power flux density freely pass through the human body, which makes it possible to use them in vivo.A table has been compiled with the physical characteristics of DNA and RNA of the most dangerous viruses, indicating the frequencies of the external electromagnetic field that cause resonance in the DNA and RNA helices, which leads to the denaturation of molecules.In a series of experiments, it was shown that irradiation with microwaves with a resonant frequency of 180,402 GHz on samples with COVID-19 for 20 seconds. It has a disinfecting effect.

Objective: To establish the cephalometric norms of ‘Zero meridian line’ and ‘Mew line’ to assess the sagittal discrepancy in the maxilla and mandible of subjects in the Central Gujarat population Materials and methods: The sample was screened from the records from the hospital. 100 individuals (50 males, 50 females) of the age group between 18-50 years, native of Central Gujarat, with acceptable pleasing profile, no skeletal asymmetry, normal Class I occlusion having ideal anterior bite, less than 2 mm crowding and no history of previous orthodontic treatment were selected for the study. Lateral cephalograph were taken in natural head position. The linear measurements between points of soft tissue pogonion to the Zero Meridian line (vertical line dropped from soft tissue nasion) and distance of Mew line (the biting edge of the upper front teeth to the tip of the nose) was taken on cephalograms. Result: Mean value for soft tissue pogonion to the Zero meridian line on cephalograms was 0.2 mm for female and 0.8 mm for male and mean value for Mew line on cephalograms was 39 mm for female and 42 mm for male subjects.Conclusion: Normal value for soft tissue pogonion to the Zero meridian line is 0.8 + 1.8 mm for males and 0.2 + 1.7 mm for females, and normal value for Mew line is 41.2 + 3.2 mm for male and 39.4 + 2.2 mm for female in Central Gujarat population. Values other than normal suggests skeletal sagittal discrepancy of maxilla and/or mandible, which is helpful in diagnosis and treatment planning.

For over two years, COVID-19 pandemic has been a major global health concern and threat to human life. In the SARS-CoV2 macromolecules, the 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro or main protease) has been identified to be crucial and essential for viral survival, processing of the viral polyproteins and has been explored as a target in COVID-19 drug discovery. Although vaccines and other various inhibitors have been designed and launched, the emergence of the variant of this virus has put an unrelenting effort of researchers to this end. Also, the high cost of manufacturing these molecules coupled with the occurrence of drug resistance is a concern.Herein, Pefloxacin and its derivative for the first time were screened for their inhibitory activity against the SARS-CoV2 main protease through in silico analysis and their pharmacokinetic properties were evaluated. Interestingly, from the docking results, they both bind with high affinity at the active site of the protein. Moreover, they showed excellent pharmacokinetic and drug - likeness properties. Derivatization of Pefloxacin at the C7 position prevents its blood-brain barrier permeability. Overall, the dual antibacterial and potential antiviral activities of these two molecules make them promising drug candidates for COVID-19 management.

In this paper, the concentration of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn was investigated in soil and Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. sampling from polluted cite near the enterprises for the production and processing of batteries in the city of Dnipro in Ukraine. The obtained results of the study were provided to assess the plant species through bio-monitoring and phytoremediation. Though Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is a weed that causes serious allergic reactions in humans, this plant species can also have a high bioaccumulative capacity regarding metals. The obtained results highlighted the metals’ significantly higher concentration in roots than in the inflorescence part in Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Among all studied metals, Zn and Cu had the highest concentration in Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., while lead was characterized by the highest bioavailable content available to plant forms in the soil. The various distribution of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn was found in different parts of the plant. According to plant-up-taking indexes studied elements can be ranked in the following descending order: Cu > Zn > Cr > Cd > Pb. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. could be proposed for phytoremediation in Zn, Cu, Cd, and Cr contaminated soils although this species is resistant to lead soil pollution.

Objective: Sentinel lymph node mapping is an acceptable standard for lymph node evaluation in patients with endometrial cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adoption of this technique at two academic institutions, including which patient and disease features are associated with rates of successfully identifying sentinel lymph nodes with fluorescent mapping. In addition, we sought to characterize if and how surgeons experience the technique related to successful bilateral sentinel lymph node mapping. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed of patients at two academic institutions who underwent sentinel lymph node mapping prior to a minimally invasive hysterectomy for endometrial cancer over the first 30 months during which the technique was adopted at each institution. A modified Poisson regression model was used to determine the relationships between patient, disease, and surgeon factors on outcomes of sentinel lymph node mapping. Results: A total of 460 charts were reviewed. The mean age was 64 and the median body mass index was 34.2. The most disease was stage I (83%), endometrioid (89%), and Grade I (64%). The bilateral sentinel lymph node mapping success rate was 65%, while unilateral or bilateral success occurred in 91% of cases. Sentinel lymph node mapping was significantly more likely to be successful in premenopausal women (RR 1.25; 95% CI 1.07 - 1.46; p = 0.005) and Asian women (RR 1.48; 95% CI 1.3-1.68; p < 0.001). BMI was not significantly predictive of mapping success (RR 1.03; 95% CI 1.00 - 1.07; p = 0.05). Increasing surgeon experience with the technique did predict successful bilateral sentinel lymph node mapping (RR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00 - 1.03; p = 0.02).Conclusion: Premenopausal status and surgeon experience with the technique increases the likelihood of bilateral sentinel lymph node detection for endometrial cancer.

Diseases - diabetes mellitus (especially type 1) and autoimmune diseases are incurable diseases. In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the tail of the pancreas die. It is in the beta cells of the tail of the pancreas that insulin is located, a hormone that maintains normal blood sugar levels in patients with type 1 diabetes. Until now, no methods have been known to restore dead pancreatic beta cells. Methods for restoring the lymphoid system in patients with autoimmune diseases were not known. With these diseases, the normal properties of the lymphoid system are lost. This review aims to present materials on the effective treatment (cure) of these diseases. For the treatment, the resonance therapy method was used, which has been known for at least 25 years and which has been modified in our work since 2016. The essence of our modification was that the author began to use 1. Not only low (previously known) but also high potencies of resonant drugs. 2. We have created a direction in resonance therapy, which is called “resonance of creation.” So far, only the direction is known as “resonance of destruction” is known, with the help of which oncological tissues, infectious processes, cysts, stones, etc. are treated - destroyed. With the help of the resonance of creation, various biological structures that have undergone degeneration and death are restored - the myelin sheath of the nerves in multiple sclerosis, nerve cells in Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, etc. With the help of the resonance of creation, the beta cells of the tail of the pancreas are restored in type 1 diabetes and restoration of the lymphoid system in autoimmune diseases. So, in patients with autoimmune diseases, organ preparations were tested: “lymph nodes”, “lymphocytes”. It turned out that in all patients with various autoimmune diseases, lymph nodes, and lymphocytes were tested as being in a degenerative state. There was not a single patient whose lymph nodes and lymphocytes were tested as normal. The task was to normalize the functional state of the lymph nodes and lymphocytes in our patients and thereby take an important step towards curing their autoimmune disease. To this end, it was necessary to increase the potency of the lymph nodes and lymphocytes in the same way as we did it in relation to the beta cells of the pancreas in patients with diabetes mellitus, in relation to the substantia nigra of the midbrain in patients with Parkinson’s disease and in relation to the myelin sheath. Nerves in multiple sclerosis. After testing organ preparations: “lymph nodes”, and “lymphocytes” in patients with autoimmune diseases, the potency was selected, which led to the fact that lymph nodes and lymphocytes were no longer tested as degenerated formations. It was this potency of lymph nodes and lymphocytes that was the basis for the treatment of patients. Thus, as a result of the treatment of diabetes mellitus (especially type 1) and autoimmune diseases by resonance therapy, these diseases become curable.

Background: Control of increased athrogenic index of plasma and lipid parameters in the early stage of diabetes mellitus helps diabetic patients to improve their quality of life and treatment outcomes. Limited studies were conducted on the assessment of dyslipidemia and its correlation with clinical and anthropometric variables among diabetes patients but no study was conducted on the correlation of the athrogenic index of plasma with anthropometric measurements among diabetes patients in this study area. The objective of this study was to assess the correlation of dyslipidemia and athrogenic index of plasma with anthropometric measurements and clinical variables among diabetic patients in Dessie Compressive specialized hospital, Northeast Ethiopia.Methods: Institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2020 to June 2021. A total of 250 diabetic and healthy control respondents were included in the study with convenience sampling. Semi-structured questionnaire of a modified WHO stepwise Approach to Surveillance for chronic disease was used to collect data. Finally, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were conducted to assess the correlation between variables. A P-value of less than 0.05 was declared as the level of significance.Results: Athrogenic Index of Plasma, Triglyceride to High-density Lipoprotein Ratio, Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, waist circumference, WHtR and BMI were statistically significantly higher among type 2 DM groups. There was a significant positive linear correlation between triglycerides and waist circumference, between TG / HDL and WHtR, and between cholesterol and WHtR, but a significant negative linear correlation between HDL and waist circumference among the Type 2 DM group. Systolic blood pressure and pulse showed a significant positive linear correlation with WC, BMI, and WHtR among diabetics groups only. Our study showed that the pattern of lipid abnormalities observed among DM patients was high AIP in 68%, moderate AIP in 16% and all four groups of hyperlipidemia were found in 9% of diabetic patients. All lipid profiles showed a significant very strong positive linear correlation with AIP, but DHL has a significant very strong negative linear correlation with AIP among type 2 DM groups.Conclusion: The proportions of high athrogenic index of plasma and lipid profile disorders were higher in DM patients compared to healthy controls. Dyslipidemia and a high athrogenic index of plasma had a considerable correlation with anthropometric measurements and clinical outcomes of type II DM patients. DM patients who have a higher athrogenic index of plasma and higher lipid parameters should be strictly followed based on their anthropometric measurements.

Boron and their derived molecules have prevention or treatment potential against prostate cancer. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of Boric acid (BA) and Disodium Pentaborate Dechydrate (DPD) in metastatic prostate cancer cells such as DU-145 which is brain metastatic prostate cancer, and PC3 which is bone metastatic prostate cancer.Metastatic human prostate cancer cell lines, PC-3 and DU-145, were used to show whether inhibition effects of BA and DPD on prostate cancer cells in this study. BA and DPD were applied for 24 hours to the cells. Cell viability determination was performed using WST-1 assay. Apoptotic cell death was evaluated with Annexin-V/PI flow cytometric analysis and caspase-3 expression immunohistochemically. A wound healing assay was also used to measure cancer cell migration after exposure to BA and DPD.Applying BA and DPD made inhibition of cell proliferation in both BA (1 mM) and DPD (7 mM) at 24 h. The results of Annexin-V/PI showed that DPD induced higher levels of apoptosis than BA in both prostate cancer cells. Caspase-3 expressions were also higher than BA with DPD in both metastatic prostate cancer cells. We evaluated cell migration using a wound healing assay and the result showed that cell migration was inhibited with BA and DPD in both cells. Both BA and DPD inhibited the cell viability of metastatic prostate cancer cells. Apoptotic cell death with applying DPP had a higher rate than BA treatment. Moreover, BA and DPD inhibited cell migration in both cells when we compared them with control. This study’s results showed that BA and DPD of boron derivates significantly induced cells to apoptosis and the migration was inhibited by the derived form of boron in metastatic prostate cancer cells.

High fluoride level in drinking water is an endemic public health concern in East Africa. Unlike in Kenya where it is absent, the Nalgonda technique, a defluoridation method that uses two chemicals, alum, and CaO, has seen mixed results in its application and adoption in Ethiopia and Tanzania. This has been due to the low capacity of communities to manage the process and the breakdown in the supply chain of chemicals used in the technique. In the present study, we attempted to bridge the gap in the chemical deficit by investigating the possible substitution of CaO with leachate from wood ash, a by-product of wood combustion commonly found in Kenya. The leachate was prepared from one part of wood ash mixed with two parts of distilled water and stirred for 24 hours followed by decantation. The new technique, the Homa method, using alum and wood ash leachate was then tested on H2O samples from three areas in Kenya with high F- concentrations ranging from 5.1 mg L-1, 9.1 mg L-1 to 91.0 mg L-1. The determination of F- concentration by SPADNS Spectrophotometry was applied throughout the experiment. Four levels of alum i.e. 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% were dosed on five volumes of water i.e. 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 ml raw water at 5.1 and 9.1 mg L-1 F-. For water samples at 91.0 mg L-1 F-, the same volumes were treated with 5 higher alum levels i.e. 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, and 9%. The final pH was then adjusted to 7 with ash leachate for defluoridation. The set-up was a factorial design experiment where the final F- concentration was the dependent variable and the volume of raw water, the percentages, and volume of alum and wood ash leachate constituted the different factors. A fitted multivariate regression model of the general form; where Y = Residual fluoride, X = wood Leachate volume, W = alum Concentration, X*W = Interaction α, β, γ were regression coefficients, ε = error term, showed that only in the Baringo area did we have an interaction between wood ash leachate and alum concentration significant (p < 0.05). Defluoridation occurred (p < 0.05) at as low as 10% and as high as 99%, depending on the initial F- content. Total coliform decreased from 310, 290 and 270 count/l respectively to zero. Unfortunately, high chemical and TDS (from 558 mg L-1 to more than 9,000 mg L-1) enrichment were recorded in addition to the mixed data on turbidity. The overall results show that wood ash can substitute CaO in the Nalgonda process. Further investigation is however required to make it applicable for potable water production.