Background: Stunting is a condition of growth and development disorders in children under 5 years of age who appear shorter than their age caused by nutritional deficiencies. The stunted growth and development of children can be influenced by deficiencies in the intake of macronutrients such as protein and micronutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and vitamin D. One nutrient that is relevant to current dental health research is vitamin D. Objective: This review article will further analyze the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and Porphyromonas gingivalis bacterial lipopolysaccharide in stunting children. Literature review: Vitamin D deficiency can cause various problems related to the oral cavity such as a decrease in salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, and salivary content such as protein. A decrease in salivary flow rate causes secretory Immunoglobulin A (IgA) to decrease, thus disrupting the colonization of normal microflora in the oral cavity. Reduced vitamin D levels can potentially increase the number of Porpyhromonas gingivalis bacteria and also lipopolysaccharides (LPS), thus inhibiting the proliferation and differentiation of alveolar bone cells. Conclusion: Therefore, lack of micronutrient intake such as vitamin D deficiency can trigger the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria and an increase in bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharides, especially in stunted children.
Citrus sinensis is a rich source of bioactive compounds and has attracted attention due to its medicinal benefits. Historically regarded as agricultural waste, orange peel is rich in flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and essential oils with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities. The phytochemicals in Citrus sinensis peel were used as natural reducing and stabilizing agents in the green synthesis method used in this work to create silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This method is an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional nanoparticle production, eliminating the need for hazardous chemicals. Based on the study’s results, green-synthesized silver nanoparticles derived from Citrus sinensis peel extract offer a sustainable and biocompatible substitute for biomedical applications. The pharmaceutical and healthcare industries may find therapeutic uses for them due to their exceptional antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are common opportunistic diseases, primarily caused by Escherichia coli, which utilizes various virulence factors, including the hlyA gene encoding hemolysin. Phenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables, known for their antimicrobial properties, were examined for their effects on E. coli. This study involved 60 E. coli isolates from Aleppo University Hospital, identified via biochemical and molecular tests. The hemolytic ability was assessed phenotypically, and the hlyA gene was detected using PCR. The impact of pyrogallol and catechol on these isolates was also evaluated. Results showed a 54.6% isolation rate of E. coli, with a higher rate in females (71.7%) than males (28.3%). The 20-40 age group was most affected, comprising 38.4% of cases. Hemolytic activity was observed in 45% of isolates, and the hlyA gene was present in 41.6% of cases. Pyrogallol exhibited a bactericidal effect at high concentrations and mild growth at lower levels, while catechol showed no antibacterial effects. These experimental investigations were validated by docking those polyphenols to the hlyA predicted, validated 3D structure where pyrogallol exhibited stronger binding affinity than catechol (-5.2 vs. -4.8 kcal/mol). The study underscores the significance of the hlyA gene in E. coli virulence and highlights the potential antibacterial properties of phenolic compounds at specific concentrations.
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