bee

Rising greenhouse gas emissions have contributed to unprecedented levels of climate change, while microbial conversion and utilization of CO2 is a practical way to reduce emissions and promote green manufacturing. This article mainly summarizes several natural CO2 pathways that have been discovered, including the Calvin cycle, the reduced tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle, the Wood–Ljungdahl (WL) pathway, the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (HP/HB) cycle, the dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate (DC/HB) cycle, the 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) cycle, the reductive glycine (rGly) pathway, and artificially designed carbon fixation pathways includes the CETCH cycle, the MOG pathway, the acetyl-CoA bicycle, and the POAP cycle. We also discussed applications of different carbon fixation enzymes, notably ribulose-1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, pyruvate carboxylase, carbonic anhydrase, as well as formate dehydrogenase. This paper further addressed the development of photosynthetic autotrophs, chemergic autotrophs and model bacteria Escherichia coli or yeast produced main products for CO2 fixation through metabolic engineering, such as alcohols, organic acids, fatty acids and lipids, bioplastics, terpenoids, hydrocarbons, and biomass.  Future studies on CO2 microbial conversion should focus on improving the efficiency of carbon fixation enzymes, metabolic modules of the carbon sequestration pathway, and intracellular energy utilization. Coupled microbial and electrochemical methods for CO2 fixation, in addition to biological fixation, show considerable promise. 

Globally, all people deserve the highest level of respect for their dignity, rights, and health. Bioethics has been recognized as a powerful discipline that aims to ensure such respect. Fritz Jar (1895–1953) and Van Rensselar Potter (1911–2001) will remain heroic men who ushered in the existence of the discipline of bioethics. Bioethics has been recognized as the science of survival and a bridge to the future. Thus, bioethics aims to enrich people’s wisdom. Wisdom is the knowledge of how to use knowledge for human survival and improvement in the quality of life. Worldwide, all people must widely possess such knowledge. Unfortunately, after many years of existence, implementing the principles and goals of bioethics remains centralized and confined to academic fields. Due to its centralized status, few branches of bioethics have been recognized. Besides, both pre-standard and standard practices still exist in the field of bioethics. Healthcare bioethical principles have been mentioned in numerous publications. However, healthcare bioethics has not been recognized as a vital branch of bioethics. The lack of well-established healthcare bioethics hinders strategies for eradicating many of the ephemeral and heuristic approaches that are still obstructing the achievement of optimum health status for numerous people worldwide. Integrating bioethical principles in all healthcare sectors in decentralized manners would lead to the existence of healthcare bioethics. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe healthcare bioethics as a vital branch of bioethics with respect to its description, branches, core principles, functions, system components, and pre-standard and standard practices of healthcare bioethics.

Background: Spirituality has been strongly associated with good blood pressure control as it forms a strong coping mechanism in hypertensive patients. This hospital-based cross-sectional study was done to determine the relationship between spirituality and blood pressure control among adult hypertensive patients in rural Southwestern Nigeria to achieve good blood pressure control.Method: The selection was done by systematic random sampling technique. Socio-demographic and clinical information were obtained through semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. The level of spirituality was assessed using the Spiritual Perspective Scale. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 61.1 ± 11.1 years. More than half (52.6%) had a high level of spirituality and more than two-thirds (67.1%) of respondents had controlled blood pressure. Respondents with a high level of spirituality were 4.76 times more likely to have good blood pressure control {p < 0.001, 95% CI (1.05-14.99)} than those with a low level of spirituality. Conclusion: Proper understanding and effective utilization of this relationship will assist health professionals and researchers in the appropriate integration of this concept into patients’ holistic care with the aim of achieving better blood pressure control among hypertensive patients.

Introduction: Factor VII (FVII) deficiency, a rare bleeding disorder, can manifest as an autosomal recessive congenital or an acquired coagulopathy. Acquired FVII deficiency, although infrequently reported, presents unique challenges in understanding its mechanisms and identifying underlying causes. Case presentation: We present a case of acquired FVII deficiency discovered in a 23-year-old female patient with no apparent underlying disease. The patient exhibited spontaneous ecchymosis and gingival hemorrhage, along with low FVII activity and isolated prolongation of prothrombin time. Extensive laboratory investigations excluded liver dysfunction, familial deficiency, vitamin K deficiency, and inhibitory antibodies. Prompt treatment with Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) and bypassing agents resulted in a favorable response and resolution of hematomas. Conclusion: Acquired FVII deficiency was identified with bleeding symptoms in association with prolonged prothrombin time and a low level of FVII activity. In literature, this deficiency has been associated with various conditions such as sepsis, aplastic anemia, stem cell transplantation, and neoplasms, although approximately 14% of cases remain idiopathic. Clinical outcomes remain generally poor, with limited complete remissions reported.

The majority of people view color therapy as an alternative therapy. It is a rather young field of study. There are a tonne of various elements in life that might affect your mood and mental health. It is proposed that colors and colored lighting can improve one’s physical or mental health. If you want to create a calm and clear workplace, it’s critical to understand how color influences your mood. The interaction between the human body and colors has been thoroughly explored in a variety of research. Despite the fact that color therapy has been used for thousands of years, people’s interest in it has grown more recently. Different body parts are related to different colors. These are the various energy centers’ inherent healing abilities. In today’s age of globalization, color therapy is one of the most well-liked complementary treatments used to affect people’s conduct and brains. In forensic psychology, color is a crucial element that helps to build our surroundings. Without color, our world would be lifeless and sad. It is essential to our built environment, especially for teenagers, people who are partially blind, adolescents, and those who, for one reason or another, feel confined and dissatisfied with their way of life. Our brains are programmed to focus on things that stand out from our surroundings in terms of color. Which qualities and traits we associate with a person are influenced by the color of her clothing. Depending on the context, it may be culturally prejudiced due to political movements or historical occurrences. This review clarified the significance of this therapy and its advancement in the field of psychology, raised awareness among today’s youth, and added a fresh perspective to this investigation.

Aim of study: In terms of treatment, it is essential to consider the correct use of preservatives and epoxy resin. Lumber pretreated with these substances can protect the wood from biodegradation or insect attack for exceeding three-year life expectation periods.Methods: To further increase durability and structural integrity, Posttreatment like painting or lamination on wood surfaces helps keep moisture out and carries a higher yield compared to traditional methods. In addition, chemical treatments to make timber resistant to fungal infestations as well has been gaining traction recently which makes it possible for lumber to be used in even more applications safely than ever before. Results: Thus, proper treatment plays a major role when considering the implications of using lumber as a resource both structurally and functionally over time. Conclusion: Lumber remains one of the most sought-after resources due to its versatility; likewise finding ways how impart maximum longevity necessitates research into new treatments available so that we can optimally exploit such abundant supplies without compromising the durable nature of good quality timber source.

Scientific interest in low-molecular-weight pectins is not accidental. Despite the experimental material widely presented in the literature on the pharmacological effects of pectins, the clinical application of the developments has not yet been fully implemented. On the one hand, antitumor potential is registered in polymers with a mass of hundreds of kilodaltons, on the other hand, practically nothing is known about such in pectin derivatives weighing less than 20 kDa. In addition, the issues of assessing the nature of the pharmacological interaction of nanoscale pectin and conventional cytostatics are not covered. The aim of this work is an experimental study of the antitumor potential of low-molecular, low-esterified pectin in combination with a cytostatic agent on a model of Walker’s carcinosarcoma. Pectin therapy of Walker’s transplanted tumor in several series of experiments consistently caused inhibition of its growth from 60% to 80%. The combined use of pectin and cyclophosphane caused inhibition of tumor growth up to 72.4%. The increase in life expectancy in the “pectin + cyclophosphane” group versus the “cyclophosphane” group was 200%. It can be concluded that nanoscale pectin is a promising drug for in-depth study since it meets the criteria of primary screening (increase in animal life expectancy, inhibition of tumor growth, survival without tumor growth).

Introduction: Treatment failure and claims against physicians may have many negative consequences. Orthopedic surgeons have always been among the most used specialists. Therefore, the investigation of causes and the process of these claims can help reduce the negative effects of medical malpractice on physicians and society.Materials and methods: This retrospective study investigated all medical orthopedic negligence cases in Sari, Iran, from March 2015 to March 2020. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist and analyzed in SPSS software (V-21).Results: Out of 57 finalized cases investigated in this study, surgeons were found liable in 23 (40%) cases. The mean ± SD age of patients was 41 ± 19.3. Moreover, the level of education had a positive correlation with the surgeon’s liability. The most common cause of complaint was reduced Range of motion (ROM) and the most common type of complained surgery was “open reduction & internal fixation” (ORIF). None of the surgeons were found liable due to surgical site infection or device failure. The mean ± SD time for the file processing was 11.1 ± 10.1 months. The mean indemnity payment was 320 million Iranian Rials (9.7% of indemnity for death in Iran).Conclusion: The most effective way to reduce medical complaint cases is to increase the knowledge and skill levels of physicians. The lack of a blinded arbitration system in both organizations could lead to bias in the case assessment process. Moreover, considering the long processing time of the claims, it is recommended that new technologies should be used to reduce the time and increase the accuracy of the final verdict. The absence of a ‘no-fault’ compensation program is a significant flaw in Iran violating patients’ rights. Also, more studies are needed to evaluate justice and equality in Iranian medical commissions.

Background and aim: Cirrhosis leads to sarcopenia and to life-threatening complications in decompensated stages. The objective of this study is to show the impact of the loss of muscle mass and function on hepatic decompensations. Methods: Our study compares a group of cirrhotic patients with controls matched with the same sex and age. A questionnaire was created to collect demographic, anthropometric, and cirrhosis characteristics. Several CT scan sections were analyzed and the average measurements have been grouped into tertiles to estimate the impact on cirrhotic complications.Results: Our study included 33 controls and 33 cirrhotic patients of which 59.4% had NASH. Anthropometric characteristics were similar in cirrhotics men and women. Grip strength was significantly lower in cirrhotic men. Using the skeletal muscle index we found 39.39% of cirrhotic patients were sarcopenic mostly men 84.61%. In Cirrhotic men, the density of the psoas and paravertebral muscles was lower than in controls. In women psoas and paravertebral muscle areas were comparable and the total muscle surface in cirrhotic patients was higher. There was a negative correlation between this surface and the density of the psoas (r = -0.293 p = 0.017) indicating the presence of myosteatosis in women. Analysing tertile groups showed a significantly higher incidence of complications related to liver disease and liver failure in patients with the psoas and paravertebral muscle density in the lowest tertile and in the frail population according to the frailty index.Conclusion: Cirrhotic patients have myosteatosis and sarcopenia associated with a higher incidence of complications related to hepatic failure.

Kalanchoe pinnata, also known as air leaf or life leaf, is a plant used in traditional medicine in different world regions. In Mexico, it is included in the Atlas de la Medicina Tradicional Mexicana with a wide variety of applications, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antihistamine, among others. However, neither a secondary metabolite profile of the flower has been reported nor information on its possible toxicity. The latter is the purpose of this work. A phytochemical profile of extracts with solvents of different polarity (aqueous, methanol, ethanol, and ether) was carried out. In this profile, the structural compounds could be qualitatively determined by chemical reactions, and some changes in coloring or precipitation were observed. The acute toxicity test of the extracts was performed with an aquatic organism, Artemia sp, and a terrestrial organism Eisenia foetida, as well as the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of the extracts in the organism of Eisenia foetida. The ABTS radical method and TROLOX were applied as synthetic antioxidants for the evaluation of the inhibition percentage. Most important secondary metabolites were qualitatively identified in the extracts of K. pinnata flowers. Mainly in the alcoholic extracts (methanol and ethanol) tannins, alkaloids, and flavonols were found. As mentioned above, they are reported to have toxicological effects. The toxicity and antioxidant activity tests confirm the preliminary results obtained in the identification of secondary metabolites. It is therefore concluded that the flower of Kalanchoe pinnata contains secondary metabolites that may be of great therapeutic interest.

Background: CPTs are rare intraventricular papillary neoplasms derived from the choroid plexus epithelium. Anti-collagenase and extracellular matrix which have not been expressed in brain tumors. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression levels of collagen type VI, anti-collagenase, laminin, MM9, claudins 1 and 5, N and E cadherins, and collagen VII, tejido, and collagen degradation enzyme complexes in choroid plexus tumors.Materials and methods: We studied the expression of adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix, and anticollagenase with an immunohistochemistry approach and electron microscopy analysis in 42 choroid plexus tumors. Results: 28(67%) were choroid plexus papillomas, 8 (19%) were atypical choroid plexus papillomas and 6 (14%) were choroid plexus carcinomas. The Ki67-li and MVD increased from CPC to ACPP, being the highest in malignant tumors as well as a strong immunoexpression of anti-collagenase and were inverse correlation with claudin 5, E, and N cadherin and collagen IV immunoexpressions which added further significant information to the prognosis and varied according to the histologic classification. By ultrastructure, the loss of basal membrane and cilia, disorganization, and proliferation of ECM were observed in CPC. Cerebral homeostasis largely results from the ability of both the Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB) at the brain microvascular endothelium and the Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier (BCSFB) at the epithelium of the Choroid Plexuses (CPs), to control the composition of the CSF and cerebral extracellular fluid. Under expression of the tight junction proteins occludin, claudin-1 and claudin-5 are key molecular abnormalities responsible for the increased permeability of tumor endothelial tight junctions. Conclusion: The loss of basement membrane and ECM overexpression could be considered as a poor prognosis predictor in CPT. Anti-collagenase and MMP9 overexpression could be related to basal membrane and BBB plasticity in CPTs.

The purpose of this work is to implement methods and develop tools for nonlinear dynamic identification of the Oculomotor System (OMS) “input-output” in the form of Multidimensional Transient Functions (MTF) based on eye tracking data and their use in an information system for diagnosing the psychophysiological state of a person. The object of the study is the process of diagnosing the psychophysiological state of an individual based on innovative eye-tracking technology. The subject of the research is computational algorithms and software for determining diagnostic features based on identification data of compulsory medical insurance in the form of MTF, constructing a Bayesian classifier using machine learning in the established space of the most informative features. A methodology has been developed and implemented for the experimental study of human compulsory mental health using innovative eye-tracking technology to record compulsory mental health responses to test visual stimuli. The obtained empirical data from input-output studies are used for the identification of OMS based on Volterra polynomials. Experimental studies of compulsory medical insurance of respondents were carried out before and after the working day. Based on the data obtained using the Tobii Pro TX300 eye tracker, the transient functions of the first, second, and third orders of the OMS were determined. Variability of second and third order transient functions was revealed for different psychophysiological states of the respondent (normal or fatigue). Thus, it seems appropriate to use MTF in diagnostic studies in the fields of neuroscience and psychology. Information technology for diagnosing human psychophysiological conditions has been further developed through the use of compulsory health insurance information models based on Volterra polynomials as a source of primary data. This allows for an increase in the accuracy of OMS modeling and, consequently, enhances the reliability of diagnosis within the framework of the proposed heuristic features. A set of heuristic features is proposed, which are determined using integral and differential transformations of the MTF OMS. The information content of individual features and all possible combinations of them in pairs was studied using the Probability of Correct Recognition (PCR) indicator. Two-dimensional feature spaces with the maximum PCR value (0.938) were identified during the diagnosis of a person’s psychophysiological state.

Monkeypox is a rare zoonotic infection originating in the regions of Central and West Africa. The global threat has been arising since monkeypox is spreading outside of the endemic regions. Pakistan has recently exhausted health funds in a quarrel against SARS-CoV-2, by supplying expensive COVID-19 vaccines to the general public, free of cost. Pakistan’s government has remarkably contributed to lowering the suffering of COVID-19-affected patients by granting the Sehat Sahulat Programme and similar health initiatives to restrict viral propagation in the general public. However, despite all efforts the major constraints are a lack of international funds and limitations on the budget of healthcare systems and medical facilities. Newly emerged cases of monkeypox are very threatening to Pakistan’s economy and health. Therefore, it is very necessary that healthcare authorities take effective measures like surveillance, early identification, separation, monitoring of contacts, immunization, and public awareness in order to stop the spread of the virus and control monkeypox outbreaks.

It has been reported that Japanese people sleep for an average of 7 hours and 22 minutes per night, with those in their 40s and 50s sleeping the least. This is much less than in other developed countries. Aging has also been reported to decrease the total sleep time and sleep latency as well as increase wake after sleep onset (WASO). Crocetin is a carotenoid with antioxidant activity. It has been reported that 14 consecutive days of crocetin intake increases delta power during sleep and decreases WASO. However, the benefits of short-term ingestion have not been clarified. In this double-blind, randomized crossover study, we examined the effects of crocetin-containing edible films consumed for seven consecutive days on the sleep quality of healthy Japanese subjects working in management positions who were aged 45 years or older.The study participants comprised 20 subjects (12 males and 8 females; mean age 50.4 ± 4.8 years; body mass index (BMI) 22.5 ± 2.7). An electroencephalography (EEG) measuring device (InSomnograf®) was used to measure sleep objectively and a questionnaire, OSA Sleep Questionnaire MA version (OSA-MA) was used to assess sleep subjectively upon waking. The crocetin group demonstrated significantly higher values of OSA-MA Factor 3 (frequent dreaming) than the placebo group (placebo: 46.8 ± 6.9; crocetin: 49.5 ± 7.4). No differences were observed for the other four factors. No differences were observed in the sleep parameters determined with InSomnograf®.Our findings suggest a new effect of crocetin on sleep quality of frequent dreaming.

Background: Maternal near-miss (MNM) events occur more frequently than maternal deaths; therefore, more detailed and comprehensive studies on maternal morbidity have been conducted and are of value to clinical audits and practices. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the frequency of maternal near misses and the nature of near-missevents. Methodology: This descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study over 12 months duration was conducted at the Alobied Teaching Hospital in 2018. Data were collected from patient notes, partographs, and other relevant documents. Demographic and clinical data concerning personal history, obstetric history, and near-miss events. Results: A total of 15202 women were admitted, 339 cases of maternal near misses, maternal near-missrate (MNMR) of 22.3|1000 live births, 200(59%) had an infection, 80(23.6%) hemorrhage, 20(5.9%) severe pre-eclampsia,12(3.5%) eclampsia, 20(5.9%) anemia, convulsions 5 (1.5%) 17(5%) of the cases were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), 9(2.7%) had liver dysfunction, 9(2.7%) coagulation dysfunction, 8(2.4%) renal dysfunction, 5(1.5%) cerebral problems, 4(1.2%) cardiac dysfunction, and 2(0.6%) had developed respiratory dysfunction.Conclusion: The maternal near-miss rate was 22.3|1000 live births. Most near-miss cases occurred before the women arrived at the hospital. The major causes of maternal near misses were infection, hemorrhage anemia, pre-eclampsia, and eclampsia.

In order to integrate and enhance the health of people, animals, and the environment, a multidisciplinary “One Health” concept has been coined. However, developing countries have frequently lagged in embracing this innovative vision. Pakistan’s ecology, human health, and animal health have all been severely jeopardized due to a lack of resources. Human health is significantly impacted by the spread and comeback of zoonotic illnesses, especially for people who live in rural regions and frequently interact with domestic or wild animals. More than 75% of zoonotic diseases were transmitted contiguously from animals to humans or indirectly through interactions among agents or vectors (including both humans and other animals). This review article gives critical insights into the most common zoonotic diseases found in Pakistan in addition to underlining the importance of the “One Health” philosophy in the management of these illnesses. Interdisciplinary research efforts are required given the current circumstances in order to politicize sustainable solutions for decreasing the disease burden in human and animal populations simultaneously.

According to statistical data in Poland, sexual acts of minors account for about 3% of all criminal acts committed by minors and nearly 20% of all acts from the catalogue of crimes against sexual freedom and morality. The main objective of the study was to attempt to develop and present characteristics of minors who commit rape with particular cruelty. Taking into account the way the perpetrators act, the motivational background, and the circumstances of the crime. In particular, attention was paid to specific individual and family characteristics. Because it is not clear whether juvenile sex offenders are different from non-sex offenders. The aim of this article is an attempt to capture individual, family, and environmental differences. The study was also intended to provide information about who the victims are. The study was conducted on the basis of empirical material from court cases in which the basis of liability was Article 197§4 of the Penal Code, and the perpetrators or accomplices of the acts were minors who at the time of the act were over 15 years of age but under 17 years of age. The research material consisted of court case files that had been finally completed, including forensic psychological opinions prepared by court experts. Cases from 2015-2020 were analysed. The obtained results allowed us to capture some specific features of families in which minors were brought up and the characteristics of juvenile sex offenders themselves. This article raises the difficult issue of juvenile responsibility for sexual crimes and indicates areas in which it is necessary to regulate interactions and areas of possible preventive impacts.

Introduction: Bleeding from varices is a severe complication in patients with cirrhosis. Despite its treatment has been well established in the last three decades the mortality can be still high. This study compares the epidemiological features and the bleeding-related outcomes of a group of patients published about ten years ago with a more recent group of 168 consecutive patients. Methods: The diagnosis, the treatment, and the main outcomes (5-day failure, 5-day and 6-week rebleeding, 5-day and 6-week mortality) of variceal bleeding were evaluated according to the current guidelines.Results: The number of patients with cirrhosis admitted for variceal bleeding every year has progressively decreased in the last ten years. The age sex and severity of liver disease, evaluated with Child Pugh and MELD scores, were comparable in the two series. In the more recent series, there were significantly fewer patients with HCV infection and more patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis. The main outcomes of bleeding were comparable too. Overall, at 6 weeks 36.4% of patients did not overcome the bleeding episode. Conclusion: The decreasing incidence of bleeding from varices is likely attributable to antiviral treatment of HCV and HBV and the larger diffusion of beta-blockers in primary prophylaxis. Despite the larger application of the gold standard therapy, the mortality of variceal bleeding remains high in patients with cirrhosis.

The properties that make the wood of fast-grown Ash pliable, strong, and resilient have been exploited by man for thousands of years, and are illustrated by reference to the probable use of Ash timber for tools, arms, and transport by the Roman Army of Occupation in Britain two thousand years ago. Militarily organized and disciplined, the Roman Army was responsible for changing the face of Britain with huge infrastructure projects that required significant numbers of tools, equipment, and fuel, in addition to the arms it used to maintain control over the fractious tribes of the north. The extent to which it maintained supplies of this valuable resource by managing its woods, possibly by coppicing, is discussed and raises the question as to the degree of genetic selection involved in coppicing.Ash: Fraxinus excelsior: extinction: prehistoric and historic uses: Roman army military use of Ash.

Over the past many decades, scientific research and practical efforts in the field of acute nonspecific inflammation of the lung tissue have been aimed at early detection of the pathogen and its suppression.