ris

Forensic handwriting analysis is a specialized field within forensic science that aims to identify and compare handwriting samples for investigative purposes. This scientific note provides an overview of the fundamental principles, methodologies, and techniques involved in the examination of handwriting evidence. The note explores the importance of handwriting analysis in criminal investigations, discusses the underlying scientific principles, and highlights the challenges faced by forensic experts in this field. Additionally, it explores the advancements in technology that have aided the analysis of handwriting and conclude with the potential future directions of research in forensic handwriting analysis. This study focuses on the natural variation that occurs due to the unusual surfaces of tables and bricks, the variation occurs mostly in the class characteristics of the person like slant, speed, line quality, alignment, etc. Samples are collected on two different surfaces; a table and a wall (smooth and rough surfaces). And on the basis of these two surfaces, the variations in the characteristics of the individual are observed. The significance of the research is to find out the range of natural variation that occurs in the individual handwriting whenever there is a change in the writing surface.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant burdens globally. Healthcare workers (HCWs), at the heart of the unparalleled crisis of COVID-19, face challenges treating patients and doing testing for COVID-19: reducing the spread of infection; developing suitable short-term strategies; and formulating long-term plans. We aimed to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 on Laboratory health staff. Material and methods: Between February - March 2021, 72 laboratory staff workers of a tertiary care teaching hospital were invited to fill out a questionnaire regarding concerns and worries about the novel coronavirus pandemic, along with a coping scoring system and General health questionnaire level (GHQ-12) survey. Results: Out of 72 laboratory health staff who completed the survey questionnaire, 10 were faculty members, 17 were residents (including senior residents, junior residents, and demonstrators), 39 were lab technicians, followed by 4 were attendants and 2 were data operators. Laboratory staff workers with an age group range from 30 years - 60 years had a higher level of depression symptoms than respondents with 20 years - 29 years of age. Similarly, the symptoms of anxiety were noted to be significantly higher among female respondents and respondents with age >30yrs. The most frequent concern was transmitting the infection to family than to themselves only. A considerable number of laboratory staff workers utilized online psychological resources to deal with their psychological distress.Conclusion: The findings of this survey recognize the various problems faced by laboratory health workers during the period of COVID-19 which affect their working ability. Therefore, in the future, we have to implement such strategies that enhance the performance of laboratory workers, boost their energy level, and encourage them to take care of themselves, in times of such crisis.

Daily high-fat diet (HFD) intake is generally associated with an increased risk of metabolic diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders, which represent a major global health burden with significant social and economic consequences. In the present study, mice were treated with HFD containing 40% lipids. Furthermore, HFD was supplemented with 0.5% or 1.0% acylated sterol-β-glucoside (ASG).After 55 days of rearing, body weight, epididymal fat weight, weight, and pH of cecum contents and intestinal microflora were compared with mice fed HFD or a low-fat diet (LFD) containing lipid at 7%. The results showed that body weight and epididymis fat weight on the last day of feeding were significantly higher in HFD, 0.5% ASG, and 1.0% ASG compared to LFD, but significantly lower in 0.5% ASG and 1.0% ASG compared to HFD. Cecum content weight was lower with HFD compared to LFD but increased to LFD levels with the addition of ASG. Cecum pH was significantly lower on the 1.0% ASG compared to the other groups.The gut microbiota was significantly elevated in the HFD compared to the LFD, with Bacilliota specific to obese mice. However, the addition of ASG to the HFD decreased the Bacilliota and increased the Bacteroidota. Clostridium cluster XI and Clostridium subcluster XIVa, intestinal bacteria involved in the production of carcinogenic secondary bile acids, were markedly increased by consumption of the HFD but were markedly decreased by ASG.Daily intake of ASG may inhibit the deterioration of gut bacteria caused by HFD and reduce the disease risk posed by HFD.

As a neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a combination of premotor, motor, and nonmotor symptoms. PD is commonly accompanied by psychosis, which is one of the commonest symptoms in the long run. As a result of Parkinson’s disease psychosis (PDP), symptoms can range from minor consequences of the disease (illusions, passage hallucinations, and presence hallucinations), to visual and nonvisual hallucinations and delusions. PDP is associated with a reduction in function and a reduction in quality of life as well. It is commonly believed that PDP is related to economic burden, and it has a significant impact on the utilization of long-term care services. The main focus should be on diagnosing, classifying, and managing PDP in an appropriate manner. As a first step in the management of PDP patients, the emphasis should be on identifying and treating any contributing medical factors, reducing or discontinuing medications that could cause or worsen psychosis, as well as nonpharmacological strategies and considering acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for treatment when dementia is present. A number of medications are being considered for use in PDP, including pimavanserin, quetiapine, and clozapine. The purpose of the current review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disorder in the general population with PD, including epidemiology, psychotic symptoms, risk factors, triggers, neuro-signaling pathways, diagnosis, and treatment of PDP.

Background: Myxedema is an extreme manifestation seen in patients with untreated hypothyroidism. It is a lethal endocrine emergency, which arises when a precipitating cause overwhelms the compensatory mechanisms of the hypothyroid state.Objectives: This case report aims to present a case of myxedema coma secondary to cretinism. It also aims to discuss how hypothyroidism leads to hypoventilation and eventually respiratory failure, as well as to discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and management of a child with myxedema coma.Case presentation: This is a case of a 7-year-old female, diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism at 5 months of age, but eventually was lost to follow-up. She came back after 7 years presenting with difficulty of breathing. She was seen hypothermic, obtunded, and in severe respiratory distress. She was severely stunted and underweight with coarse facial features. Initial laboratory work-up showed elevated Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) as well as decreased tri-iodothyronine (FT3) and thyroxine (FT4). She was immediately started on levothyroxine, with noted resolution of the edema and improvement in sensorium. There was also noted improvement in the patient’s ventilation and was sent home on Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) while asleep.Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of having a high index of suspicion of its clinical manifestations, which could lead to earlier intervention thereby preventing further complications. A multidimensional approach is essential in managing this case, as various organ systems are involved in this condition.

Aerobic capacity of young men (19 years - 24 years) is high, but can be influenced by many factors like physical activity, smoking, and air pollution with environmental PM 2.5. Objectives: (a) - to estimate the aerobic capacity in young men (smokers and non-smokers) living in areas with higher PM 2.5 using Queen’s College Step Test (QCT). (b) - to find whether aerobic capacity is associated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)’ three classes, for smokers and non-smokers. Methods: In a cross-sectional study using criteria-based sampling a total of N = 60 smokers & non-smokers were included from the Delhi NCR region. IPAQ, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), Heart Rate, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, and PM 2.5 and PM 10 levels were recorded. A comparison of smokers and non-smokers was performed using z test. Smokers and non-smokers were divided into three classes using physical activity levels and compared for aerobic capacity. The correlation of aerobic capacity with variables was seen using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Multiple R was checked to study the model of cause and effect for aerobic capacity. Results: Significant difference is seen between smokers and non-smokers in the aerobic capacity (Mean ± SD smokers - 65.22 ± 8.73 ml/kg/min; Mean ± SD non-smokers 60.04 ± 7.7 ml/kg/min p value = 0.00). For non-smokers, a low level of physical activity shows a strong correlation with aerobic capacity (r = 0.78; p = < 0.05). No correlation of aerobic capacity is seen with physical activity levels among smokers. Aerobic capacity shows a significant negative and moderate correlation with PM 2.5 (r = -3.1; p = 0.016). The multiple R coefficient value for the model of cause and effect is 6.99 with a p - value of 0.0449 for this. Conclusion: Smoking affects aerobic capacity significantly for young men. High and moderate levels of outdoor physical activity do not increase aerobic capacity in areas with high PM 2.5, whereas low levels show a positive correlation among non-smokers only. 

Introduction: Aluminum Phosphide (AlP) poisoning is a life-threatening condition that commonly occurs in developing countries, often resulting in cardiac, respiratory, and metabolic complications, leading to multi-organ failure and mortality. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) has been proposed as a potential therapy for severe AlP poisoning cases refractory to conventional management, though its use remains controversial. Methodology: for this literature review, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of existing literature concerning the utilization of ECMO in patients with severe AlP poisoning. We meticulously examined available publications to explore the relationship between ECMO initiation and patient outcomes. Discussion: The review reveals that early ECMO initiation within 6 hours of presentation is associated with better outcomes and higher survival rates in severe AlP poisoning cases. However, uncertainties persist regarding the optimal timing and duration of ECMO support, and potential complications, including bleeding, acute renal injury, and ventilator-associated pneumonia, need careful consideration. Conclusion: Despite promising results in certain cases, the risks and benefits of ECMO in AlP poisoning require meticulous evaluation. Ethical considerations, encompassing resource allocation and implications for other patients, necessitate appropriate patient selection criteria.

Background: Stroke occurs in 11% of patients with SCA before 20 years of age. In Northwestern Tanzania, the prevalence of stroke among children living with SCA under the age 15 years is 16.9%, of which might be attributed to the absence of routine screening for the risk of stroke by using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (TCD). Screening with TCD allows preventive measures such as chronic blood transfusion to be done which has led to the reduction of stroke by 92%.Methods: This was a prospective analytical cross sectional study which enrolled 267 SCA children aged 2 to 16 years attending Bugando Medical Centre Pediatric Sickle Cell Clinic from July 2019 to June 2020. Assessment of factors associated with elevated TCD included a clinical history of stroke in sibling, death in sibling, temperature, oxygen saturation in room air, blood pressure, hemoglobin level and total white blood cell count. TCD was done by accessing transtemporal window and recording the highest time average mean of maximum velocity (TAMMV) of major vessels mainly, middle cerebral artery (MCA) and distal internal carotid artery (dICA).Results: The median age of enrolled was 6.6 (IQR: 4-9) years. The prevalence of elevated TCD (> 170 cm/s)was found to be 21% (56/267). By multivariate logistic regression, low oxygen saturation in room air, p - value = 0.037, OR 1.08 [95% CI 1.00-1.17] and low hemoglobin level, p - value = 0.001, OR 1.76 [95% CI 1.26-2.45] were statistically significantly associated with elevated TCD among children living with SCA.Conclusion: The high prevalence of elevated TCD velocity, with low hemoglobin and low oxygen saturation in room air as associated factors under multivariate logistic regression, warrants routine TCD screening for children with SCA aged 2 to 16 years.

Chronic infectious, granulomatous and suppurative dermatosis, classified among the subcutaneous mycoses, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions and caused by the traumatic implantation of dematiaceous fungal species, where the presence of muriform bodies is an expression of the causal agent in the grafted tissue, are characteristic of chromoblastomycosis. Considered the second implantation mycosis in the world, it manifests itself with slow and progressive growth lesions of exophytic and verrucous plaques and black dots on the surface.The disease is considered a neglected and occupational disease, which occurs mainly among agricultural workers, coconut and babassu harvesters, lumberjacks, and traders of agricultural products. It is important to highlight that people at risk of contracting chromoblastomycosis work in tropical countries, where the temperature can be above 40 °C in summer, and generally refuse to wear protective equipment during the day (shoes, gloves, clothes, etc.), although they know that this type of prophylactic measure can prevent different types of diseases. These vulnerable people often live in low-income countries and sometimes live far from medical services and, once infected, do not seek medical attention. We report below an exuberant and unusual case due to multiple simultaneous inoculations on the back after the patient suffered an accidental fall while working on his farm. The diagnosis was established by direct mycological examination, histopathological examination, culture, microculture, and MALDI-TOF MS analysis that identified the agent of the Fonsecaea pedrosoi.

Background: Around 75% of seniors seeking treatment for injuries in Emergency Departments (ED) are discharged home with minor injuries that put them at risk of functional decline in the following months. Objectives: To 1) describe seniors’ characteristics using or not physiotherapy services following ED visits for minor injuries and 2) examine their functional status according to physiotherapy use. Methods: Secondary data analyses of the Canadian Emergency Team Initiative cohort study. Participants were 65 years and older, discharged home after consulting EDs for minor injuries and assessed three times: ED, 3- and 6-months. Physiotherapy use was recorded as yes/no. Functional status was measured using the Older American Resources Scale (OARS). Multivariate linear regressions were used to examine change in OARS scores over time, accounting for confounders. Results: Among the 2169 participants, 565 (26%) received physiotherapy, and 1604 (74%) did not. Physiotherapy users were more likely females (71% vs. 64%), more educated, and less cognitively impaired. The overall change in OARS at 6 months was -0.31/28 points (95% CI: -0.55; -0.28) with no difference across groups after adjustment. Subgroup analyses among frail seniors showed that physiotherapy users maintained their function while non-users lost clinically significant function (-0.02 vs. -1.26/28 points, p = 0.03). Among the severely injured (Injury Severity Scale ≥ 5), physiotherapy users’ results were higher by almost 1/28 points (p = 0.03) compared to non-users. Conclusion: These results suggest that among seniors discharged home after consulting the ED for minor injuries, the frail and severely injured may benefit from being systematically referred to physiotherapy services. 

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and thyroid function have been described. Prevalence pattern and atherogenic status significantly differ from HIV-negative control in several studies. Unfortunately, few studies have determined the prevalence of thyroid function and lipids among Nigerians living with HIV. Objective: This study is to evaluate thyroid hormones and lipid profiles in HIV-positive subjects attending a faith-based health facility in Anambra State Nigeria.Materials and methods: The serum concentration of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), free Triiodothyronine (fT3), triiodothyronine (T3), free Thyroxine (fT4), Thyroxine (T4), Total Cholesterol [TC], Triglyceride [TG], High-Density Lipoprotein [HDL], Low-Density Lipoprotein [LDL] and Very Low-Density Lipoprotein [VLDL] was determined in 95 HIV positive subjects which include 48 patients who were on HAART- group 1 and 47 not on HAART- group 2; and compared to 30 HIV negative controls – group 3. Results: The level of TSH and fT3 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in group 1 participants than in group 2 and the group 3 participants. The level of T4 was significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1 and group 3 participants. The level of T3 was significantly lower in Control participants in comparison to both HAART and non-HAART participants. The prevalence of fT4 dysfunction across the groups was significantly different from each other. The total mean of Cholesterol (163.5 ± 22.7), Triglyceride (163.5 ± 22.7), and Very Low-Density Lipoprotein (14.2 ± 2.4) of the HIV-positive participants were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of the HIV negative participants.Conclusion: The results obtained from this study indicate that serum levels of thyroid hormones may be used as baseline periodic markers during antiretroviral therapy and many people living with HIV may benefit from supplementation if appropriate.

Introduction: Nursing theories are critical as they drive nursing education, practice, and research. Neuman Systems Model (NSM) considers a person a complete system with integrated psychological, physiological, spiritual, social, and developmental components. Nurses give their patients physical, emotional, and psychological assistance and are subjected to mental and physical pressure due to these responsibilities, impacting their health, psychological well-being, and interpersonal relationships. This paper aims to perform a concept analysis of stressors proposed in NSM about lines of defense and the level of preventive interventions that can affect a person’s well-being. Further, this paper discusses knowledge generation through NSM’s applicability to preventing exhaustion and burnout among nurses. Methodology: This theoretical attempt is carried out using the theory analysis approach suggested by Walker and Avant (2019).Discussion: Nursing is a career that requires a great deal of dedication and personal engagement. Nurses are subjected to recurrent stresses due to technological advances and rising demands. Burnout occurs when nurses get discouraged and have less compassion for the patients due to recurrent burdens. Stress and burnout are two of the most common reasons for nurses to quit hospitals. The NSM is concerned with stresses that may affect a person’s health and well-being (prediction). Nurses assist patients at the most vulnerable and challenging times, such as surgical procedures, traumas and personal and physical losses.Conclusion: The NSM enables the investigation of preventative and protective treatments. Because of the model’s flexibility, it may be used in a wide range of nursing situations. Administrative, hospitals, clinics, and other nurses can benefit from this paradigm. Evaluating the many distinct elements contributing to burnout is also feasible. The model’s client factors of physiological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual characteristics are used to achieve this. Viewing the individual as an open system that responds to environmental stimuli encourages the existence of stressors that might lead to burnout.

Background: Early childhood caries may develop as soon as teeth erupt. Promoting oral health care programs is very important and helps to reduce dental caries in young children. The aim of this study was to assess the infant/child oral health (IOH) related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of parents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 327 parents. Visiting the family medicine center at prince sultan military medical city, Riyadh Saudi Arabia. A 39-item questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics and questions pertaining to KAP regarding OH care will be used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Scheffe’s test will use for the statistical analysis (p ≤ 0.05). Results: The result showed that the majority of the parents had good knowledge regarding OH, knowledge of cleaning (92.4.%), and knowledge of the amount of sugar (88.1.%). the parent’s age group (30 to 39) years (n =147) reported the highest mean (knowledge, attitudes, and practice) scores among all other age groups with a knowledge mean score of (6.80 ± 1.73), an attitude mean score of (8.86 ± 1.37), and a practice mean score of (5.14 ± 1.86).  Female parents showed significantly higher mean knowledge, attitude, and practice scores than male parents. In addition, the middle-income level parents’ group (n = 295) reported higher knowledge mean score compared to the low-income parents’ group (n = 15) with a mean difference of d = 1.15, p = .041.  Conclusion: Parents’ knowledge about maintaining oral and dental health care for infants/children was inadequate. Essentially, medical professionals are the initial ones to interact with expecting and new moms. Therefore, need to raise parents’ awareness about oral and dental health for infants/children, through the development and implementation of long-term education and promotions programs.

In developing countries, malnutrition represents a public health problem, which affects many children under five, during their complementary feeding period. One way to overcome this problem is through the supplementation of complementary flours with locally available food resources, such as Moringa oleifera leaf (MOL). An experimental study was conducted from June through November 2019 in the southern-Benin, with moderately acutely malnourished (MAM) children, using a porridge made of a mixture of corn, malted sorghum, soybean, peanut, milk, and moringa leaf powder. A total of 150 MAM children aged 12-59 months were recruited and divided into two groups, an intervention group (48) and a control group (75). The intervention group received the test food, a porridge made of maize flour supplemented with Moringa oleifera leaf flour (MOL-flour), at least 5 times/week for 6 months. The control group, whose mothers received nutritional education sessions on food diversification as well as the different ways of preparing MOL meals. Sensory evaluation, anthropometric and dietary diversity data were collected. Z-scores Weight/Height, Weight/Age et Height/Age were determined before and right after the intervention. Results showed that 70% of the children and more than 75% of the mothers assessed the porridge as palatable. A significant average weight gain of 1.720 g (p < 0.005) was observed in the intervention group at the end of the experimentation, with a reduction of the prevalence of underweight by 1,33% (p > 0.05), and the number of acute Malnutrition children by 10,42% (p < 0.005).

Bronchogenic cysts are rare lesions that form during early embryogenesis and are commonly located in the mediastinum. Retroperitoneally located bronchogenic cysts are an exceptionally rare entity. These are most commonly found incidentally on imaging. We will review the unique imaging and histopathological findings of this entity and discuss why prophylactic surgery is considered the treatment of choice. By reviewing retroperitoneal bronchogenic cysts, we aim to educate clinicians regarding the presentation, investigations, imaging characteristics, and treatment of this exceeding rare entity.

Background: Postoperative Pulmonary Complications (PPCs) escalate mortality, hospitalization, and costs. This study aimed to predict PPCs after curative digestive cancer surgery using thickness fraction (TFdi) determined by ultrasonography. Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a period of 9 months. Diaphragmatic ultrasound was performed pre-surgery and repeated postoperatively (within 24 hours of ICU admission, then day 3). Right and left hemidiaphragm thickness at end-expiration (TEE) and peak-inspiration (TPI) were measured using ultrasonography. The maximal diaphragm thickening fraction during inspiration (TFdi,max) was calculated: TFdi,max = (TPI–TEE)/TEE. Patients were classified into No-PPCs and PPCs groups. Results: 159 patients participated, 55 (34.6%) developed PPCs. ICU stay was longer in PPCs patients with more deaths. TFdi,max decreased postoperatively and remained lower in PPCs patients [44.83% ± 11.07 vs. 31.54% ± 8.45; p < 0.001]. The receiver operating characteristic curve yielded an area under the curve of 0.83 [95% IC: 0.754 – 0.887]. TFdi,max < 37% had 72.7% sensitivity (95% IC: 59.0% – 83.8%) and 80.8% specificity (95% IC: 71.8% – 87.8%), Positive and negative Likelihood Ratios were 3.7 (95% IC: 2.4 – 5.7) and 0.3 (95% IC:0.2 – 0.5), respectively. In multiple logistic regression, preoperative risk factors for PPCs included TFdi,max < 37% [OR: 7.10; 95% CI: 1.71 – 18.60; p < 0.001] and supramesocolic surgery [OR: 9.94; 95% CI: 3.62 – 27.29; p < 0.001]. Epidural administration was protective [OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.052 – 0.87; p = 0.031]. Conclusion: A low preoperative TFdi,max identifies high-risk PPCs patients after digestive cancer surgery, aiding targeted preventive strategies like inspiratory muscle preoperative training.

The demand for pesticides has increased in today’s world of expanding population in order to boost crop productivity and eliminate undesirable plants (weeds) that grow alongside the primary crop. Along with the various benefits, it is also used in animal farms to get rid of pests. This has an impact not only on humans but also on animals and the environment. The usage of pesticides has increased, and occasionally some of them linger in the food products they are applied to, a condition known as pesticide residue. This residue is linked to human health and can result in a variety of diseases and disorders. In the current environment, even pesticides that are marketed as benign have negative long-term effects and exacerbate issues like bioaccumulation and bio-magnification. To avoid food contamination with pesticides, different methods like crop rotation, organic farming, and integrated pest management should be used as alternatives. Today, it is essential for all pesticide users to be aware of the risk and proper handling of these pesticides. New methods of pest management should be fostered in the realm of development.

Background/Aim: There has been a progressive rise in the incidence and prevalence of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). It has also been observed that the most important reasons for a rapid increase in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients are the rapidly increasing worldwide incidence of diabetes and hypertension. The present study evaluates the effect of diabetes, hypertension, and comorbid state of hypertension and diabetes (hypertensive-diabetic) on renal function using serum creatinine and urea as markers. Method: A total number of 120 persons were recruited for the research; 30 controls, 30 hypertensive, 30 diabetic, and 30 hypertensive-diabetic persons. Of the 30 control persons, 18 were females and 12 were males; of the 30 hypertensive subjects, 17 were females and 13 were males; of the 30 diabetics subjects, 20 were females and 10 were males, whereas of the 30 hypertensive-diabetic subjects, 21 were females and 9 were males. In total, there were seventy-six (76) females and 44 males. The respondents were pulled from Central Hospital (Auchi) Diabetic and General Clinic and Auchi Polytechnic Cottage Hospital. Verbal consent was sort and questionnaires were used to extract information regarding biodata and patients’ history of diabetes and hypertension. Height and weight were measured, and blood pressure was determined taken. Blood samples were collected into fluoride oxalate and lithium heparin bottle for the assessment of FBS and (serum urea and creatinine) respectively. Results: The mean (±SD) serum creatinine was higher in the hypertensive-diabetic group (2.08 ± 1.06) and declined as follows: diabetic group (1.75 ± 1.01), hypertensive group (1.34 ± 0.96) and control group (0.70 ± 0.14). The mean (±SD) serum urea was also found to be higher in the hypertensive-diabetic group (17.5 ± 9.06) and declined as follows: diabetic group (14.5 ± 6.13), hypertensive group (12.7 ± 6.23) and control group (7.18 ± 5.06). There was a positive correlation between serum creatinine and fasting blood sugar The study also established a positive correlation between serum creatinine and blood pressure but not between serum urea and blood pressure with r values of 0.31 and 0.16 respectively. Conclusion: Good control of blood glucose and blood pressure levels reduces the likelihood of the development of renal impairment which is usually associated with both diabetes and hypertension. Co-morbidity of diabetes and hypertension poses a higher risk of developing renal disease than individual problems of diabetes and hypertension. Serum creatinine and serum urea are important biomarkers for renal impairment hence the two should be monitored on a regular basis for diabetic and hypertensive patients and much more frequently for hypertensive-diabetic patients.

Introduction: The organization of medical support for the implementation of the standards of the All-Russian physical culture and sports complex “Ready for Labor and Defense” (“RLD”) in children’s clinics on the territory of the Republic of Komi (RK) is carried out in order to develop a physical culture among the population.Patients and methods: The analysis of the results of 2652 medical examinations of children and adolescents to comply with the standards of the “RLD” in the State budgetary healthcare institution of the Republic of Komi “Syktyvkar Children’s Clinic No. 3” (“SChCl No. 3”) in 2016-2022 was carried out. The significance of differences in quantitative characteristics between groups with a normal distribution of quantitative variables was calculated using Student’s t-tests for independent samples. The threshold value of the probability of error for statistically significant differences was set at a level equal to 0.05. The frequency ratio was calculated per 10,000-child population. The depth of the study was 7 years.Results: Among patients who applied for examination only 2604 people (98.85 ± 0.21%) were allowed to pass sports standards. The FC of those who applied was 138.44 per 10,000 children, and the FC of those admitted was 135.94. The proportion of patients of “SChCl No. 3”, who were assigned the main medical group for physical education ranged over the years from 87.37 ± 1.47% in 2017 to 98.86 ± 0.34% in 2019 and on average for 7 years amounted to 94.19 ± 0.45%. That is, almost 90% of those examined are children without health and physical development disorders, but with possible functional disorders that do not lag behind their peers in physical development and physical fitness. They are allowed to study in full according to the curriculum of physical education using preventive technologies, preparation, and passing tests of individual physical fitness.Conclusion: The average annual quantitative indicator of those who applied for certification to pass the standards of the “RLD” is a statistical tool, on the one hand, to determine the current and future workload of medical personnel and determine the forces and means of medical support, on the other hand, an indirect indicator of the interest of children and adolescents in systematic physical education and sports, instilling in schoolchildren the skills of a healthy lifestyle and the prospects for the physical development of the nation. The frequency of examinations per 10,000 of the child population should be considered as an indirect marker for assessing the physical development of children and adolescents since it is not the result of a continuous, but only selective (at the request of those who applied) research. The voluntary surrender of the “RLD” standards by children and adolescents should be approached as an indicator of physical readiness and high personal self-esteem, including psychological readiness for competitive relations in the school and adolescent environment and psychological maturity.

The newly launched IAEA project MEREIA (MEthods for Radiological and Environmental Impact Assessment; 2021- 2025), MEREIA continues some activities of previous IAEA exercises in the field of radioecological modelling and focuses on areas where the probabilistic approach determines the predictive capability of environmental models. The program offered the opportunity to set up well-designed and verified scenarios to collect and compare exposures predicted by particular models based on this scenario and then perform a validation study of contributing models. It consists of the comparison of model prediction with observed data or in the case where there is a lack of measurement data to perform a comparison within model prognoses.  The previous international works have brought significant improvement in environmental modeling in terms of better understanding and mathematical description of complex physical and chemical phenomena that occur in various environmental media and also have promoted new areas for experimental investigations. The new experimental results yielded updated handbooks of a large number of environmental parameters for less-known elements. Moreover, the principal objective of the activities in environmental modelling was an integrated risk assessment of the reference group of population and biota associated with radionuclides releases from various kinds of nuclear facilities as from different types and power nuclear reactors, radioactive waste disposal and more complex nuclear research facility. This reflects recent international recommendations to extend protection against radiation hazards of humans to wildlife flora and fauna. However, the statistics supported knowledge on some essential environmental parameters still remain small. Therefore, one could be aware of some limitations of the probabilistic approach that required advanced methods of probabilistic prognosis Monte Carlo.