Expression of Cholinesterase in Bone Tumors, Blood and Cord Blood
Published on: 27th November, 2024
The present study aimed to analyze Cholinesterase (CE) levels in cord blood from preeclamptic women and to evaluate cholinesterase status in patients with osteosarcoma. Serum cholinesterase levels were assessed in 30 cases of osteosarcoma and 30 controls suffering from musculoskeletal pain. Additionally, maternal and cord blood samples were collected from 25 women with preeclampsia and compared with those from 25 normotensive pregnant women and 25 normal, healthy controls. The results indicated that serum cholinesterase levels were significantly lower in osteosarcoma patients (Group I) compared to those with musculoskeletal pain (Group II, p < 0.05). Similarly, cholinesterase levels were reduced in the maternal blood of women with preeclampsia when compared to normotensive controls. Cord blood cholinesterase levels were lower in the infants of normotensive mothers, with levels reaching 88.65% of the maternal levels. Furthermore, cord blood cholinesterase levels were significantly lower in preeclamptic women compared to normotensive pregnant women. When comparing cholinesterase levels to those of normal controls, it was observed that CE levels were significantly elevated in both normotensive and preeclamptic women. The findings of low serum cholinesterase levels in this study suggest that cholinesterase secreted by osteoblasts is utilized in bone formation and tumorigenesis. Additionally, the decrease in cholinesterase levels associated with preeclampsia may be linked to the loss of muscarinic cholinergic receptors that occur in this condition.
A Rare Case Report: Spinal Metastasis of Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma
Published on: 27th January, 2025
Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma is a very rare tumor of the Central Nervous System (CNS). BRAFV600E mutation is a common mutation in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. We present a 52-year-old male patient who underwent total resection due to a temporal lobe mass. The primary tumor in the temporal lobe was given postoperative radiotherapy. During follow-up, genetically and histologically proven metastasis was detected in the paraspinal region. The adjuvant RT was given to metastasis after surgery. The patient, who used the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib after recurrence, is being monitored in remission.
The Need of Wider and Deeper Skin Biopsy in Verrucous Carcinoma of the Sole
Published on: 31st January, 2025
Verrucous carcinoma is a rare, slow-growing squamous cell carcinoma that can occur in acral regions, including the plantar surface, being named carcinoma cuniculatum. The tumor presents as a well-demarcated, exudative lesion, resembling benign conditions like warts or infections. In this case, a verrucous lesion on the left plantar surface initially appeared to be non-malignant, with multiple incisional biopsies showing only inflammation. A final excisional biopsy of a large part of it confirmed the initial suspicion of malignancy, prompting complete excision and appropriate management. This case underscores the importance of performing wide and deep biopsies for early diagnosis and timely treatment of a suspected verrucous carcinoma.
Huge Mucinous Cyst Adenoma, Case Report Series
Published on: 8th April, 2025
Mucinous cystadenoma constitutes 15% of epithelial ovarian tumors. In resource limited setting they may reach huge size as there is no regular medical checkup. This case series highlights these aspects along with diagnostic and surgical considerations.
Microcystic Meningioma: Atypical Meningioma Revisited. Rare Case Report with Review of Literature
Published on: 10th April, 2025
Meningiomas, classical extra-axial dural-based tumors of the meninges, have well-documented classical imaging features and signs on CT and MRI. Most meningiomas are classical lesions with prompt diagnosis on imaging and generally exhibit benign outcomes with slow growth patterns. The latest WHO classification of tumors in 2021 has classified 15 subtypes of meningiomas, and while classical meningiomas are WHO Grade 1 tumors, grading between varying subtypes varies between WHO Grades 1 and 3. The microcystic meningioma is a rare and atypical subtype of meningioma that has been sparsely documented in literature. In this case report, we revisit this rare subtype of meningioma with a brief review of literature.
Pulmonary Pleomorphic Carcinoma: A Rare Entity Revisited!
Published on: 4th June, 2025
Introduction: Pleomorphic Carcinoma (PC) is a subset of poorly differentiated non–small cell lung cancer that is diagnostically challenging because it is a rare malignancy of the lung. It shows varying dual-cell components; spindle or giant cells and epithelial cells.Method: We report a case of 68-year-old non-smoking female who presented with cough, fever, pain in the left side of chest & weight loss of recent onset and an abnormal shadow on her chest X-ray. Computed tomography of chest revealed a well defined heterogeneously enhancing cavitatory soft tissue lesion in the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe with mediastinal lymphadenopathy.Results: Fine needle aspiration cytology& percutaneous lung biopsy confirmed poorly differentiated malignant tumor. Patient underwent a left lower lobectomy. A diagnosis of PC was confirmed after Immunohistochemistry (IHC). Mutation analysis revealed an EGFR exon 21 mutation within the tumor cells. The patient is on Gefitinib based chemotherapy and has remained disease-free for three years post-surgery.Conclusion: PC of the lung is a rare pathological entity. Definite diagnosis may only be made on a resected tumor along with the use of IHC. Surgical resection is the main modality of the treatment. Such rare cases should be documented to establish an optimal management plan and to provide a further insight to targeted therapy.
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