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Cystic fibrosis is explained in this paper that suggests tackling the disease by elimination of the most significant sources of contamination.

Recent studies have shown that long-term uses of herbs have been associated with a rise in morbidity and mortality rates. While most researches are focused on bioactivity investigations, the toxicity of many plants has not been reported. There is a paucity of data on the potential toxicity of the following plants: Harungana madagascariensis (HM), Pterocarpus osun (PO), Phoenix dactylifera (PD), Annona muricata (AM), and Rutidea parviflora (RP). To evaluate the toxicity of the above-mentioned plants; two tests were employed namely: The Brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) and the Allium cepa test. A correlation between the oral acute toxicity assay in mice and the LC50 obtained from BSLT has been established. Allium cepa test measures the potential genotoxic effects of plant extracts exerted on the root meristem of A. cepa (onions). Plant extracts were administered in concentrations ranging from 100 to 2500 µg/ml to the A. cepa for 72 h to obtain their Mitotic Indices (MI) and EC50. Results of the MI at 2500 µg/ml for HM, PO, PD, AM, and RP were 3.75, 4.96, 5.96, 6.10, and 6.71 while 281.81, 398.11, 501.19, 630.96, and 707.9 µg/ml were obtained as the respective EC50 values. Furthermore, 10-1000 mcg/ml concentrations were administered in the BSLT and the obtained LC50 values were 116.3, 250, 581.5, 581.5, and 750 µg/ml. The toxicity result demonstrated that the five plants were moderately toxic, with RP exhibiting minimal toxicity values and thus potentially having a good safety profile. The phytochemical screening of these plants revealed the presence of some pharmacologically important classes of compounds that are abundant. Several bioactive and toxic compounds were identified in the GC-MS analysis for some of the plants.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with coronary angioplasty being a crucial intervention for patients with significant disease. This study aimed to identify and analyze the causes of coronary angioplasty denial in patients with significant coronary artery disease in Afghanistan, focusing on demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical factors.A case-control study was conducted with a sample size of 213 patients diagnosed with significant CAD at tertiary care center in Afghanistan. The case group consisted of 106 patients who were denied angioplasty, and the control group included 107 patients who underwent the procedure. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, education, residence, functional status, income, and the reasons for angioplasty denial. Descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with denial.The primary reasons for angioplasty denial were financial constraints (45.3%, p < 0.001), limited hospital facilities (15.1%, p = 0.045), patient refusal (23.6%, p < 0.001), and physician preference for conservative management (12.3%, p = 0.091). Denial rates were higher among patients who were older, had multiple comorbidities, were from rural areas, and had lower education and income levels. Illiteracy and cultural beliefs contributed significantly to patient refusal, while inadequate healthcare infrastructure disproportionately affected rural populations.Financial and infrastructural barriers are the leading causes of coronary angioplasty denial in Afghanistan, exacerbating disparities in healthcare access, particularly among low-income and rural patients. Addressing these issues through policy reforms, improved healthcare infrastructure, and targeted public health education is essential to reducing CAD-related morbidity and mortality in the country.

This article reflects the opinion on a few of my clinical experiences involving symptoms and signs which are not mentioned in standard textbooks on medicine or clinical methods. These are clinical and a few radiological signs which I think worth discussing by clinical community, includes Muslim prayer’s feet, hyponatraemic bullae, early signs of oedema, PCV sign, hemi-semi-Hoffman’s sign and a few more.

Intraparenchymal cysts without communication to the ventricles or the subarachnoid space are named ependymal or epithelial cysts. The estimated ratio of their incidence compared with arachnoid cysts is 1:10. Neurologic deficit can occur when the cyst exerts mass effect on its surroundings. We report a case of cerebral ependymal cyst in a 75-year-old lady who presented with history of headache, vomiting and left incomplete homonymous hemianopsia. Neuroimaging studies showed a large right occipital cyst. She underwent the neurosurgical procedure of marsupialization. Histologic findings and the immunophenotype was consistent with a diagnosis of ependymal cyst. The patient made an excellent recovery after the procedure.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) or Gelatinous Peritoneal Disease is a rare condition that refers to an anatomo-clinical entity characterized by ascites of variable abundance in the peritoneal cavity, viscous or mucinous, associated or not with neoplastic epithelial cells. It predominates in women. Diagnosis is guided by imaging and confirmed by histology. Prognosis is good in case of early management. We report the case of a male diagnosed with Pseudomyxoma peritonei revealed by isolated ascites.

Background: Transcatheter arterial embolization can be used for patients with recurrent bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract after failed endoscopic treatment. Our aim to identify the clinical and technical factors that influenced the outcome of transcatheter embolization for therapy of upper gastrointestinal bleeding after failed surgery or after failed endoscopic treatment in high risk surgical patients. Methods: We performed a prospective study to analysis of the 15 patients who underwent Transcatheter arterial embolization for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding at Alshifa hospital from January 2015 to March 2019. The following variables were recorded: demographic data, time from bleeding start to TAE, units of packed red cells before TAE and units of packed plasma before Transcatheter arterial embolization and we analysis 30 days rebleeding rates and mortality. Results: Patients treated with Transcatheter arterial embolization (median age: 62 years, range: 14–79 years).The technical success rate of the embolization procedure was 100%. Time from bleeding start to TAE was 2.1 (1-4) days , units of packed red cells before Transcatheter arterial embolization was 12.8 (4-22) packed and units of packed plasma was 3.2 (2-5) packed. Following 30 days after embolization, 2 (13%) patients had repeated bleeding and 3 (20.0%) patients died. Conclusion: In our experience, arterial embolization is a safe and effective treatment method for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and a possible alternative to surgery for high-risk patients.

For the first time, this research has developed an efficient and novel approach to high to excellent yields for synthesizing Quinazolinone derivatives. Also, the synthesis of Quinazolinone derivatives has been carried out in the presence of Co3O4@GO/La2O3 nanocomposite as a novel heterogeneous catalyst and a green under solvent-free conditions and in a short time and excellent yields for the first time. Various structural and morphological characteristics of the nanocatalyst were employed for the catalyst characterization, such as FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDX and VSM analyses. All characterization data were checked with each other so that the structure of the nanocatalyst was exactly characterized. The reactions were carried out in the presence of a low amount of nanocatalyst at 100 °C under solvent-free conditions for a short period of time. The proposed nanocomposite exhibits excellent catalytic activity. One of the most important advantages of this method is easy magnetic nanocatalyst separation, green condition, excellent recoverability and easy workup.

The impact of climate change on plant diseases poses a serious threat to food security [1-4]. Climate change has a direct effect on the occurrence and severity of disease in crops. Global plant health assessment and crop loss estimation due to pests and diseases has been made especially for cropping regions defined by the major crops of wheat, rice, maize, potato and soybean [5].

Background: CPTs are rare intraventricular papillary neoplasms derived from the choroid plexus epithelium. Anti-collagenase and extracellular matrix which have not been expressed in brain tumors. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression levels of collagen type VI, anti-collagenase, laminin, MM9, claudins 1 and 5, N and E cadherins, and collagen VII, tejido, and collagen degradation enzyme complexes in choroid plexus tumors.Materials and methods: We studied the expression of adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix, and anticollagenase with an immunohistochemistry approach and electron microscopy analysis in 42 choroid plexus tumors. Results: 28(67%) were choroid plexus papillomas, 8 (19%) were atypical choroid plexus papillomas and 6 (14%) were choroid plexus carcinomas. The Ki67-li and MVD increased from CPC to ACPP, being the highest in malignant tumors as well as a strong immunoexpression of anti-collagenase and were inverse correlation with claudin 5, E, and N cadherin and collagen IV immunoexpressions which added further significant information to the prognosis and varied according to the histologic classification. By ultrastructure, the loss of basal membrane and cilia, disorganization, and proliferation of ECM were observed in CPC. Cerebral homeostasis largely results from the ability of both the Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB) at the brain microvascular endothelium and the Blood–Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier (BCSFB) at the epithelium of the Choroid Plexuses (CPs), to control the composition of the CSF and cerebral extracellular fluid. Under expression of the tight junction proteins occludin, claudin-1 and claudin-5 are key molecular abnormalities responsible for the increased permeability of tumor endothelial tight junctions. Conclusion: The loss of basement membrane and ECM overexpression could be considered as a poor prognosis predictor in CPT. Anti-collagenase and MMP9 overexpression could be related to basal membrane and BBB plasticity in CPTs.