From the Single Bacterial Cell to the Microbial Community: A Round Trip to better understand the Secrets of Complex Microbiological Ecosystems
Published on: 3rd December, 2024
There is increasing evidence of the difficulty in understanding the “biological functioning” of some complex microbial communities. Complex microbial communities exist everywhere in nature, and the interactions among their constituent microorganisms are a crucial aspect that influences their development. The ability of microorganisms to colonize an environment includes their ability to interact with other species in the same ecosystem, as well as their ability to adapt and integrate into the evolving community. The interactions among microorganisms and not just their numbers, or the presence of different species, biotypes, and variants, in many cases, seems to become a decisive factor in understanding and analyzing the development of microbial ecosystems and the biological function of the individual microbial entities that are part of them.After working to isolate individual microbial cells and study the mechanisms of their functioning and development, it is time to embark on a backward journey “from the small to the complex” for a better understanding of complex microbial ecosystems and their application potential. The purpose of this brief contribution is to further the development of the understanding of the role of microbial communities in nature and the mode of their development and evolution.
Organic compositional analysis of propellant powders using monolithic material sorption extraction (MSSE)-a feasibility study
Published on: 5th September, 2017
The application of monolithic material sorption extraction, specifically MonoTrapTM, to the extraction of organic gunshot residue (OGSR) compounds from unburnt propellant powders is described. Four different MonoTraps were assessed for their capability to extract OGSR compounds from two different ammunition types. Extracts were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results indicated that the carbon disc was suitable for the extraction of OGSR compounds from unburnt propellant powders. Quantities for major compounds were comparable to methanol extractions. The method was successfully used to detect a wide range of OGSR compounds, including nitrotoluenes, nitroglycerin, diphenylamines and centralites and is expected to be applicable to a wide range of ammunition types.
Iarogenic Bile Duct Injuries: Repairs Feasibility
Published on: 14th January, 2019
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 7985946066
Due to laparoscopic cholecystectomy there is increase in the bile duct injuries. It was 0.2% to 0.4% during open opposed to 0.6% to 0.8% during laparoscopic. Included in the study were 22 patients, 19 patients with two redo operated upon. Between Feb. 1999 to Nov2017 and 3 referral cases. The treatment options were end to end anastomosis and hepaticojejunostomy. Regarding the injuries, according to Stresberg there were 2A .4D injuries with injury in the lateral aspect of the ducts, 8 E1, with hepatic stump > 2cm., 5 E2 with hepatic stump < 2cm. The three referral cases were choledochodoudonostomy E1, and E2. They were treated with si ligation of cystic in two cases, anastomosis in seven cases. The remaining fifteen cases with hepaticojejunostomy .Conclusions: The risk is more proximally. After complex injuries diversion is the best while with simple end to end was acceptable. The insertion of stents has to be individualized according to the situations of each patients and the experience of each surgeon.
The Role of Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acids in Dry Eye Disease
Published on: 22nd December, 2017
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 7355944105
One of every four visits to eye care professionals is for dry eye disease which affects an estimated 7-34% of Americans [1]. Knowledge regarding etiology and treatments has advanced exponentially in the last 20 years.
Unrecognized myocardial infarction in the elderly
Published on: 22nd September, 2017
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 7286428021
This study presents the frequency of old myocardial infarctions (OMI), and the frequency of unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI) in elderly people in a forensic material. It was also examined if predisposing factors of UMI could be identified. Of special interest was also to investigate the value of the police’s records as a source for medical information in a forensic setting. The study is based upon medico-legal autopsies of persons above the age of 60 at the time of death during the period 1999-2003. The study included 325 cardiovascular deaths. Of these, 166 died from OMI. UMI accounted for 123 of these (74%). Most UMI were located in the interventricular myocardial septum and left anterior wall (>60%), but no significant differences could be found between UMI and recognized MIs (RMI). No obvious reason could be found as to why the UMI remained unrecognized. Police records were inferior to the hospitals records, regarding medical information to the pathologist, with information about cardiac disease in about 60%, and with information about OMI in 11-17%. Hospital records supplying information about OMI were found in half the cases. It is concluded that unrecognized myocardial infarction is not uncommon among elderly persons, and with a high risk of sudden death. More emphasis should be put in recognizing OMI in ECGs to attempt to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death.
Trans Abdominal Pre-Peritoneal (TAPP) mesh for Inguinal Hernia Repair with External Fixation [Abdelhamid Technique], Outcome Assessment
Published on: 24th January, 2019
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 7985919127
Purpose: To compare the outcomes of Abdelhamid technique in treatment of inguinal hernia to conventional TAPP with mesh stapling, Prolene hernia system (PHS) and Lichtenstein repair.
Background: the mesh is applied and fixed externally aiding in decreasing port size and cost. There is controversy concerning the necessity of securing the mesh during laparoscopic TAPP repair.
Patients: The study was carried out at the faculty of medicine – Beni Suef University, Egypt from September 2008 to April 2018. 672 patients with unilateral inguinal hernia participated in the study. 432 were treated using Abdelhamid Technique, 382 of which were unilateral primary inguinal hernia and 50 were unilateral recurrent. 50 patients were treated using Prolene Hernia System (PHS). 50 patients with recurrent hernias were treated using Lichtenstein repair and 140 patients went TAPP with mesh stapling.
Results: Abdelhamid technique showed more cost effectiveness than stapling (1800$ vs 3000$) , pronounced less recurrence rate in comparison with Liechtenstein and PHS (2% vs 4%), same LOS compared to other techniques and mean operative time of 76 minutes which is longer than stapling (60 mins), Liechtenstein (65 mins) and PHS (55 mins).
Conclusion: Abdelhamid technique was a more lengthy operation costing more than open surgery but less than mesh stapling. The recurrence rate is considerably reduced with shorter recovery period. The technique is done with smaller port size that leads to cost reduction
Role of Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts in Anoikis Resistance in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma –need of the hour
Published on: 30th January, 2017
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 7317601183
Anoikis resistance (AR) is a favorable attribute exhibited by cancer cells for metastasis. Carcinoma associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) plays a crucial role in AR in various cancers. It was proved in array of studies in different cancers that there was definite interrelationship between CAFs and AR. But its role in OSCC is ambiguous. It is the need of the time to reveal the correlation of CAF and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in relation with anoikis. Molecular pathways which affects the AR via CAFs in various cancers has been highlighted in this communication. Divulging the importance of CAF in cancer will aid in designing customized novel chemoprevention therapy and thus will help in enhancing the prognosis of patient in OSCC.
Risk definition in Laparoscopic versus Open Cholecystectomy
Published on: 7th February, 2019
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 8022215685
Nothing without risk. As cholecystectomy is one of the most common procedures, any minor risk will be a mass volume. This study was to define the magnitude of that risk. In the study were 1486 patients between Feb. 2009 and April. 2018. Open in 292 (19.6%), 1194 (80.4%) laparoscopically, 1086 [91%] completed so and 108 (9%) converted. There were 18 (1.2%) with bile duct injury. 1 (0.3%) in the open group and 17 (1.4%) in the laparoscopic group. 9 diagnosed during surgery, 4 with jaundice, 2 early and 2 late, 5 with leak. Statistically the operative injury is insignificance in the 2 groups (P<0.3). The jaundice was significantly high in the laparoscopic group of patients (P<0.045). Also the bile leak (P<0.028). The same for morbidity (P<0.01. The revers was for mortality (P<0.04).
Conclusion: The incidence of CBD injury in the literature is less than the actual rate. Laparoscopic interventions have a higher rate of injury and the proximal ducts are at higher risk.
Promising Future in the Detection of Oral Cancer by Using Advance Screening Technology
Published on: 30th December, 2016
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 7286354686
Oral cancer has a tendency to be detected at late stage which is detrimental to the patients because of its high mortality and morbidity rates (survival rate 15-50% [1]). The incidence of oral cancer worldwide is approximately 3% of all malignancies, thus creating a significant worldwide health problem [2].
Evaluating cortical bone porosity using Hr-Pqct
Published on: 27th August, 2019
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 8465497330
This work aims to evaluate cortical porosity through a high-resolution peripheral quantitative micro-tomography in a group of 47 patients. All patients, in vivo, were subjected to the medical care protocol of the University Hospital Clementino Fraga, 020-213. Patients were women aged from 37 to 82 years old, who did not present fractures in their lower and upper limbs, all of them showing good health. During screening, they were required to have normal BMD (as determined by DXA; T-score ≥ 1.0) and no low-trauma fractures history. The exclusion criteria for all the individuals enrolled in this control study include, for example, alcoholism, chronic drug use, and chronic gastrointestinal disease. Male patients ranging from 42 to 79 years old presented the same health issues as women group. Results showed an increase in the amount of pores on the cortical bone of the evaluated patients over time; however, this increase was also observed in pore diameter, as well as a decrease in the border between the cortical and trabecular bone, indicating a deterioration in cortical bone quality over the years.
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