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Background: Literature on ACL injury is limited when assessing for the presence and interaction of multiple risk factors simultaneously. Identifying risk factor interaction may increase the impact of prevention programmes to target ACL injury reduction. The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess ACL injured female athletes to identify which modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors were present at the time of injury. Method: Seventeen female athletes who had sustained a non-contact ACL injury were interviewed retrospectively to assess for the presence of reported risk factors for ACL injury. Result: This retrospective analysis ACL injury cases highlighted a number of factors which were present with high frequency across this group of cases. All had non-contact ACL injury occurring during cutting or landing, which suggests a predisposing deficit in neuromuscular control. This poor neuromuscular control could be exacerbated by the presence of fatigue identified within the cohort. This poor control could be further influenced by the fact a majority of athletes had another significant injury in the 12 weeks prior to ACL injury. The restriction to training could have either decreased fatigue resistance, or potentially changed their movement pattern because of the method of injury management undertaken. Conclusion: This case series provides insight into the interaction of risk factors for ACL injury in sportswomen, with the presence of another injury disrupting training, decreasing the athletes work capacity and fatigue resistance, being compounded perceived or actually elevated levels of fatigue, leading to the potential for abhorrent movement patterns and increased injury risk.

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of an ayurvedic gel in tooth pain reduction due to dental caries. Materials and methods: This in vivo cross-over design study enrolled adults with at least one tooth with caries and a symptom of pain after the application of an ice stimulus. Two hundred patients were screened and eligible patients were enrolled in the study. Forty-five subjects completed washout phases before each recall visit. During each recall visit, subjects evaluated pain relief following an ice bar stimulus and one random finger-tip application of a treatment i.e. Ayurveda Herbal gel containing clove oil, camphor, and menthol (Ayurveda Herbal Gel Group), and two control formulations: a gel without active ingredients and commercial olive oil as a surrogate of home remedy. At each assessment, subjects used a stopwatch to record the onset of pain relief and tooth pain using visual analog scores (VAS), dental pain scores (DPS), and relief from tooth pain by dental pain relief scores (DPRS). After each treatment, subjects recorded their satisfaction with the provided treatment using a four-point satisfaction index. Data were tabulated and statistical analysis was performed with (ANCOVA) and two-way ANOVA with a p - value of 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Forty-five subjects (28 males and 17 females) completed the entire study without any adverse events. Application of the Ayurveda gel resulted in a significantly faster onset of pain relief (2.47 min) in comparison to the onset of pain relief after 4 minutes recorded with the controls (p < 0.05). Subjects reported lower VAS and DPS scores over the study period of evaluation when using the Ayurveda gel compared to the application of each control formulation. Subjects also reported greater relief of pain and greater satisfaction after the application of the Ayurveda gel as compared to the controls. Conclusion: Significantly better tooth pain relief from caries was observed from an Ayurveda Herbal gel than from controls.

Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is considered an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to verify the effects of a short cardiovascular rehabilitation program (CR) in hypertensive subjects. The clinical pilot study involved a sample composed of 11 hypertensive subjects. It was evaluated the weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumference, waist hip ratio, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and six-minute walk test (6-MWT) before and after CR. CR was performed twice a week for 60 minutes. The results shown that after CR occurred a reduction of waist circumference (99.86±8.7 to 95.2±8.6 cm, p=0.0002) and hip circumference (110.18±14.75 to 105.00±12.7 cm p=0.01) values. About the mean distance walked in the 6-MWT there was an increase after the CR program (335.9±123.5 m to 554.56±87.9 m, p=0.000). In conclusion, the results suggest that a short CR is an effective for the treatment of hypertensive subjects. After 16 CR sessions, functional and musculoskeletal capacity was improved, evaluated by 6-MWT. Furthermore, the short CR program decreased waist and hip circumferences, being an important option for these subjects. Although. There were no changes in baseline blood pressure levels.

Chronic prostatitis today show high level of relapses and recurrent pathological events even if using the best pharmacological therapy. A better understanding of physiopathological effect of ischemic hypoxic condition (pelvic, prostate tissue) and the lymphatic congestion in same body region contribute in evolution of a complex condition. The same focusing the strategy in biofilm reduction or in leukocyte infiltration can be a right way to reduce relapses and progression of the prostatic disease. Hypoxia is also related to prostatic cancer progression and prostatic biofilm if responsible of making a new micro- environment often drug resistance. A deep knowledge in this kind of phenomena can improve the clinical effect of drug therapy.

The emergence and establishment of anthropological genetics as an interdisciplinary science is primarily, associated with the development of new genomic technologies. Precision genetic testing on the one hand, and the rapidly increasing number of genetic investigations on the other, have created a set of bioethical dilemmas for genetic and epidemiology research. Such research deals with persons who have the right to the protection of their personal information and confidentiality, and also concerns collective (village, region, ethnic group, state) consciousness, ethnic identity, and traditional culture, i.e., so called “ethnic pride”. In this regard, taking into consideration the results of ongoing field research, we make some recommendations for better management of relationships with individuals and communities and the preparation of questionnaires and informed consent forms that will facilitate similar research projects, especially in such an ethnically, linguistically and culturally diverse region such as the Caucasus.

Verrucous carcinoma is a rare, slow-growing squamous cell carcinoma that can occur in acral regions, including the plantar surface, being named carcinoma cuniculatum. The tumor presents as a well-demarcated, exudative lesion, resembling benign conditions like warts or infections. In this case, a verrucous lesion on the left plantar surface initially appeared to be non-malignant, with multiple incisional biopsies showing only inflammation. A final excisional biopsy of a large part of it confirmed the initial suspicion of malignancy, prompting complete excision and appropriate management. This case underscores the importance of performing wide and deep biopsies for early diagnosis and timely treatment of a suspected verrucous carcinoma.

Molecular interactions between proteins or between proteins and small molecules are pivotal events for selective binding of biological structures and, consequentially, for their correct function. In this scenario, the evaluation of kinetic parameters, characterizing a molecular interactions, is considered a crucial event to reveal the nature of binding processes. The focus on peculiar forces involved in the molecular recognition represents an opportunity to explore biological interactions in real time, and to develop a number of innovative biotechnological methods for diagnosis and/or therapy. Currently, optical biosensors, offering an increasingly effective technology to detect in real time molecular binding, are usually composed by a detector, a sensor surface and a sample delivery system: only definite substances, which are able to interact specifically with the biological part, lead to an optical or electrical signal of the physical transducer. In this review we want to highlight the exponentially-growing interest of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) based optical biosensors for molecular binding analysis in different research fields.

A 27-year-old pregnant woman presented with acute pyelonephritis for the first time in her pregnancy. We admitted the patient for treatment. On the second day, her fetus had bradycardia as a result of maternal hypothermia. Infusion of warmed fluid and providing a warm blanket were the definite treatment in this case. However, the fetal heart rate gradually returned to normal after rewarming the patient. We discharged the patient in a good state after one week. No complications were noticed.

Blood cell production through hematopoiesis within the bone marrow serves both to maintain blood equilibrium and to respond to tissue injury and infectious demands. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) therapy developments have revolutionized medical treatment approaches for anemia leukemia and bone marrow failure caused by chemotherapy or radiation exposure. The therapeutic compounds present in medicinal plants have traditionally supported blood health and researchers now understand these plants could help regenerate bone marrow tissue. The analysis investigates how phytochemicals affect HSC proliferation and differentiation while supporting HSC survival. The medicinal plants Panax ginseng, Astragalus membranaceus, and Curcuma longa receive special attention for their documented ability to enhance hematopoiesis in preclinical and clinical settings. This review examines the challenges that include standardization issues, toxicity concerns, and regulatory barriers alongside future perspectives about combining plant-based therapies with traditional treatments to improve bone marrow recovery and health results. 

To repair articular cartilage (AC) defects in osteoarthritic patients, one approach is to engineer three-dimensional grafts with physicochemical properties similar to endogenous AC. Such grafts can be grown in bioreactors that provide environmental conditions favoring chondrogenesis. Studies show mechanical stimulation during the culturing process greatly enhances development of functional engineered grafts. A review of literature on bioreactor options reveals a lack of capacity to simultaneously stimulate cells with a combination of shear stress and oscillating hydrostatic pressure, both of which are important parts of the in vivo AC environment. It is hypothesized that combining both forces in a new bioreactor design will contribute to better AC tissue growth. In this paper, we provide a brief review of bioreactors and describe a new computer-controlled perfusion and pressurized bioreactor system, and the novelty of its control programming features for service in a host of applications. We briefly summarize results on synergistic effects in employing perfusion, oscillating hydrostatic pressure in a scaffold free environment and with the addition of encapsulation for inducing chondrogenesis. We further describe efforts to modify the newly developed system to include a continuous flow and pressurized centrifugal mode to enhance further the capabilities for inclusion of very high shear stresses. Applications for several other cell and tissue engineering approaches are discussed.