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Introduction: Hypertension is still one of the major causes of cardiovascular disease and death worldwide. Despite lifestyle modifications and medical treatment, blood pressure control rates remain suboptimal. The sympathetic nervous system plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system leads to a reduction in blood pressure. In light of this, a catheter-based renal denervation procedure has been developed to selectively ablate the renal sympathetic nerves in order to lower blood pressure. Discussion: Renal denervation targets the afferent and efferent sympathetic nerves along the renal arteries. Interruption of the renal nerve fibers in the perivascular space reduces sympathetic-mediated renal vascular resistance, renin release, and sodium reabsorption. Consequently, the mechanisms driving systemic hypertension are gradually disrupted, and blood pressure falls over time. The current main methods of renal denervation are radiofrequency energy, ultrasound, and perivascular neurotoxin injection. Recent randomized sham-controlled trials have shown that renal denervation effectively and safely reduces blood pressure by approximately 5 to 10 mmHg in various hypertensive patients. It is important to have a multidisciplinary team of hypertension specialists and interventional experts to select appropriate patients for renal denervation. Shared decision-making is essential to consider hypertension-mediated organ damage, cardiovascular risk, and patient preferences. Conclusion: Catheter-based renal denervation is a relatively new treatment modality that provides meaningful and sustained reductions in blood pressure with an acceptable safety profile. Currently, it is recommended for patients with uncontrolled or resistant hypertension despite optimal lifestyle changes and medical treatment.

Capsicum spp. is one of the most important economical horticulture crops due to its high consumption either by fresh vegetable or dried spice. Molecular genetic markers offer a number of applications in the genetic improvement of crop plants, which plays an important role in the areas of plant classification and breeding programs. The polygenetic characters of rare species, which are difficult to analyze by traditional methods can, be analyzed easily and classified by using molecular markers. In our study, genetic relationships of twenty-two paprika species were examined to estimate their genetic variations/similarities and to detect the polymorphism present within and among the paprika species by using RAPD-PCR markers. The results revealed that the maximum similarities among the 16 ICBD lines were 100%. The ICBD 03 had 76% similarity compared with other ICBD lines. The CC01 had comparatively low similarity with ICBD forms (30%), followed by EC01 (28%), EC02 (33%), CC02 (35%), and Kt.Pl-19 (60%). The similarity between EC01 and EC02 were 54%. Kt.Pl-19 showed different similarities compared to CC01 (41%), CC02, EC01 (38%), EC02 (29%) and ICBD 03 (40%). The different combinations were tried to optimize the RAPD-PCR profile, which helped to assessing the polymorphism/similarities within and among the Paprika germoplasms were studied.

Based on relevant dietary guidelines, this project developed a Low-GI Rice Bread using high resistant starch rice (RS = 7.12%, GI = 63.24) as the main raw material. Ancient stone grinding was adopted for raw material processing to reduce nutrient loss and GI. Through the complementary combination of egg protein, plant protein, and milk protein, the product’s protein content of 25.7% meets the standard for claiming high protein in products. Its GI is 47, belonging to low-GI food. It is convenient to carry and eat, with balanced nutrition, responding to the national diet call, and helping reduce medical burdens.

Extramedullary involvement, also known as Extramedullary Disease (EMD), represents a highly aggressive variant of plasma cell dyscrasias. It is characterised by the presence of plasma cell clones that proliferate independently of the bone marrow microenvironment. While EMD most commonly affects the skin and soft tissues, in cases of disease relapse, it may extend to internal organs, including the liver, kidneys, central nervous system, chest wall, pleura, and pericardium.The reported incidence of EMD varies. A comprehensive review of the literature indicates that in newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients, the incidence ranges from 0.5% to 4.5%. However, in relapsed or refractory MM, the incidence increases markedly, reaching between 3.4% and 14%. Prognosis remains poor, particularly when the paravertebral region is involved, as this often leads to vertebral body fractures that complicate treatment and worsen outcomes.Current data on therapeutic responses are primarily based on retrospective studies. Therefore, prospective trials are needed to more accurately assess the efficacy of various treatment regimens. This study presents a cohort of patients with paravertebral plasma cell tumours, with a specific focus on tumour location, associated vertebral fractures, available treatment strategies, and clinical responses following induction therapy.

Dry eye or keratoconjunctivitis sicca, is commonly seen in the dog. Veterinary ophthalmologists diagnose this aqueous tear deficiency using the Schirmer tear test (STT), but this measures tear production and does not indicate ocular surface pathology. The vital dye Rose Bengal is commonly used in the diagnosis of dry eye in human patients but until now has not been reported in veterinary patients. Here we corelate the degree of Rose Bengal staining with the STT value and find a reasonable association between dye staining of the ocular surface and tear production, although clearly other factors are also important in the genesis of ocular surface damage in dry eye.

Climate change brings extreme events like drought, landslide, flood and anticipated more constraint to profitable livestock production causing huge economical loss in the livestock sector of the country. Deaths of livestock and damage to farms and farm infrastructure is causing a huge loss, small livestock holders are highly venerable to such climatic hazards. So to cope with these uncertain climatic hazards livestock insurance is the one of the best strategies. This study reveals that different climatic hazards is been experienced by the livestock holders of Kaski, Dolakha and Jhapa district of Nepal, 62% of the respondent has observed the change in climate. Of the total respondents perceived around 47% farmer have insured their livestock in Kaski district, 33% in Jhapa and 20 % in Dolakha district. Beside the proper vaccination, deworming, management and feeding of animals people are insuring their livestock assets due to uncertain in the climatic pattern and its consequences, this shows that livestock insurance is the one of the tool to mitigate with changing climate and climate relate hazard in livestock sector of Nepal.

The age-old battle between plants and viruses has many twists and turns. Plants acquired the RNAi factors to checkmate the viruses and the viruses encode VSRs to defeat RNAi for their own survival. Plants designed mechanisms to neutralize the toxic effects of VSRs and the viruses, in their turn, use host microRNAs to strengthen their infection processes. The infightings between these two entities will take different shapes with prolonged evolution and accordingly the researchers will dig these novel forms of duels not only to throw lights in the involved mechanisms but also to manipulate various antiviral strategies. Some of the research courses that might come up in the immediate future are discussed.

One of the most important and critical red blood cell disorders is dysfunction and deformation of the membrane structure, which affects the metabolic and biological red blood cell functions. On the other hand, the basic causes of these problems are the genetic mutations in the production of proteins that correlate to the structure and receptors of cells. The diagnosis methods and techniques are the other essential points that focus most scientists on. In this systematic review, the article pointed to the key title, which is the diagnosis of novel genes with different techniques and methods. The result of articles studies that were published in the last decades underlined the types of techniques such as Whole-Exome Sequencing, Quantitative Real-Time PCR, Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing, and Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel, which investigated the different membraned gene mutations that are novel and correlated to the genes that make the structures and functions of red blood cells such as hereditary spherocytosis, hereditary elliptocytosis, hereditary pyro poikilocytosis. In addition, the hereditary membrane disorders correlated to others, such as hereditary spherocytosis, have a relationship with vitamin B12, immunodeficiency.

Although the veterinary art has been practiced since antiquity, the modern era began in the 18th century with the establishment of the discipline of “Veterinary Science” at universities. In the 19th century, veterinary education began in Australia with Kendall’s private veterinary school in 1888 [1]. In 1909, a Veterinary Faculty was established at the University of Melbourne and Kendall’s school was incorporated into it. In 1910, a second faculty was established at the University of Sydney and in 1936, a third was established at the University of Queensland [2-4]. A fourth school was established at Murdoch University in Western Australia (WA) in 1974 [5].

The use of novel PGPR as bio inoculant is an alternative sustainable agricultural practice to improve soil health, grain quality, increase crop productivity, and conserve biodiversity. The aim of this study is to isolate, and characterized PGP bacteria colonizing tef rhizosphere during the seedling stage. For this concern, 426 samples of tef (Eragrostis tef) rhizosphere soils and roots were collected from East Shewa zone, Oromia regional state. 200 morphologically different bacterial pure colonies were isolated and screened for their PGP traits and biocontrol properties. Among these 40.5% isolates were positive for phosphate solubilization. 36% were positive for IAA production, 4.5% were positive for ammonia production, 19 % were positive for (EXPS), 15.5% were positive for protease production, 12.5% were positive for HCN productions, 9.5 % were positive for cellulase production, 4% were positive for amylase production, 3.5% were positive for chitinase production. For abiotic stress tolerance test, all of the isolates were grown well at 20oc and 30oc and neutral pH, 27% isolates were grown well at 4oc, 25.5% grew at 40oc, 25.5% were grown well on pH-9 and pH-11, 23.5% were tolerated pH-5, 3.5% grew at 50oc and 60oc, 13.5% were grown well on 5% NaCl (w/v), 3.5% were grown well on 10 and 15% NaCl (w/v), which indicated these isolates can survive in some extreme conditions. Totally 15 bacterial species having PGP traits, biocontrol properties, and abiotic stress tolerance ability were identified using the Biolog bacterial identification system. Among these, the majority of the identified PGPR have utilized carbohydrate, carboxylic acid, and amino acid, which are the main components of plant root exudates. The above results indicated that thus PGPR can be used as biofertilizers as well as biocontrol agents to replace agrochemicals to improve crop productivity. Hence, these species can be further formulated and used for greenhouse and field applications.