Most Viewed Articles

The gut microbiome is a complex network of interactions between the brain and the gastrointestinal tract, playing a pivotal role in human health and disease. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (GBA) serves as a crucial connector between the brain’s emotional and cognitive centers and the peripheral intestinal functions, emphasizing the profound impact of gut health on overall well-being. The GBA is characterized by a symbiotic relationship between the gut and the brain, regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines and neurotransmitters. The MGBA is also regulated by microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and fatty acid derivatives. This paper focuses on the importance of the GBA in regulating gut health and the potential for targeted therapeutic interventions to improve health outcomes. The implications of this research are vast, suggesting that future strategies aimed at modulating the gut biome may offer promising avenues for the development of personalized medicine and dietary interventions.

Hydrogen sulphide [H2S] is created when sewage material breaks down. The well-known "rotten egg" odour is linked to H2S at low quantities. It is a colourless and odourless gas that, at greater quantities, can cause cerebral and respiratory depression, fast unconsciousness, and impending death. As a sad occupational accident, worker deaths in septic tanks or sewage systems are not unusual in medico-legal practice.Death is attributed to poisoning with hazardous gases, particularly hydrogen sulphide, but the depletion of oxygen in the air due to an excess of carbon dioxide is not mentioned. Colleague fatalities are frequently linked to deaths in similar situations. Two tragic accidents that resulted in victim deaths are detailed in this paper. Here, the morphological findings—pulmonary diseases, submucosal/sub-serosal congested haemorrhage, and discolouration from postmortem staining—were discovered in both cases. A detailed scene investigation about the potential for life-threatening H2S poisoning for the assistants, the characteristic rotten egg smell that may be detected on the corpses, and the previously described morphological results should be the foundation for any suspicion of a deadly H2S poisoning. A qualitative and, if feasible, quantitative study of H2S should be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Depression: According Pubmed Health: Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person’s thoughts, behavior, feelings and sense of well-being (moderate or severe). Can we consider some depression status due to high amount of some stressant stimulus? Or continuous stress in a limited (or long) period? How can react mindset and brain in management an high amount of negative stressing thinking? Observing some relevant literature also mindset kinetics must be considered to better classify this kind of disorder under a specific endogenous –exogenous biochemical-toxicological aspect. Concept like Kinetics, reaction velocity limits, saturation of the systems, residual buffer properties are currently used in biochemistry and related discipline. This concepts can be applied also in some depression condition to better explain some phenomena?

This study aimed to determine whether the essential oils of thyme, ginger, and mint from medicinal aromatic plants can provide resistance to the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum in the maize plant. To this end, the antifungal effect of 0.1 ml, 0.25 ml, 0.5 ml, and 1 ml essential oil amounts was determined by the agar disc diffusion method.  It was determined that concentrations containing 0.1, and 0.25 ml essential oil showed no antifungal effects, however, concentrations containing 0.5 and 1 ml essential oil had antifungal effects. The most effective concentration was found to be 1 ml of essential oil in all three species. The maize was grown under hydroponic conditions. Thyme, ginger, and mint essential oils (1 g/100 ml) were applied to the root medium of the grown maize plant on the 8th day. An F. oxysporum suspension containing 107 spores was applied after 24 hours and harvested 3 days later. When the reactive oxygen species (H2O2) and MDA amounts of the harvested plants were examined, it was observed that there was an increase in the population of F. oxysporum. However, applications of thyme, ginger, and mint essential oil have been observed to significantly reduce these. It was also determined that essential oils protected the plant against F. oxysporum by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. Although these three essential oils applied have antifungal properties, it has been observed that the best effect belongs to thyme essential oil. The results show that essential oils of thyme ginger and mint can be used as potential fungicides against the pathogen F. oxysporum in maize cultivation

The natural ferromagnetic resonance (NFMR) in cast glass-coated amorphous magnetic microwires has been studied theoretically and experimentally. The NFMR reveals large residual stresses appearing in the microwire core in the course of casting. These stresses, together with the magnetostriction, deteRmine the magnetoelastic anisotropy. Beside the residual internal stresses, the NFMR frequency is influenced by external stresses applied to the microwire or to the composite containing the latter (the so-called stress effect). The dependence of the NFMR frequency on the deformation of the microwires is proposed to be used in the distant diagnostics of dangerous deformations of critical infrastructure objects such as bridges, dams, wind turbine towers, skyscrapers, stack-furnaces, embankments, etc. To this end, fragments of magnetic microwires will be embedded in the bulk of concrete structures or fixed on their surface during construction or after it by means of coating with a special concrete-adhesive plaster. Further, these structures are periodically irradiated with microwaves from a radar at frequencies close to the original NFMR, and the presence of latent dangerous deformations of the concrete structure is judged by the NFMR frequency shift.

Background: We previously reported, for the first time, serum levels of the C-terminal fragment of fibroblast growth factor 23 (C-FGF23) in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Most HD patients have undergone treatment with either recombinant erythropoietin (r-EPO) or hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) proline hydroxylase domain (PHD) inhibitor, both of which stimulate FGF23 production and cleavage. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study involved analyzing measuring FGF-related parameters and comparing results for subgroups of patients who received either r-EPO and or a PHD inhibitor. Results: No significant difference was observed for iron-related parameters or serum hepcidin levels in both subgroups of patients. Significant differences were found for certain FGF-23-related parameters. Conclusion: Both FGF23 production and cleavage were stimulated more in patients treated with the PHD inhibitor than in patients treated with r-EPO.

From the energy involved in a physical or chemical process, part of it cannot be utilised as work. Entropy S is the thermodynamic quantity that is the measure of this energy where the concept of entropy was first introduced by Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888) in 1865. Entropy is also a basic and general conception that deals with “order” (low entropy) and “disorder” (high entropy) of all systems in the universe from human body and up to the star systems. With the development of science entropy deviates from treatment of subjects related to heat and work and currently it is used also to analyse knowledge as well as in economics. 

A prospective cross-sectional study of diabetic patients registered at the Eye department of Tobruk Medical Center in Tobruk-Libya between (01.06.2023 to 29.02.2024). At the same time data was collected in the eye department in Alwahda Derna Teaching Hospital, Data was collected using the same administered questionnaire. Grading of DR was done by slit-lamp examination and Fundoscopy by an ophthalmologist. Descriptive analysis included percentage mean, median, and p - value by using SPSS 25. There were 185 diabetic patients, ages ranging between 30 and 90 years, with a mean of 58, the majority (97.6%) were of Libyan nationality. There were 86 males and 99 females. Patients with a duration of diabetes ranging between 11 and 15 years were at almost a five-fold risk of developing DR compared to those with a duration of < 10 years. Most of advanced complicated diabetic retinopathy cases had diabetes for more than fifteen years, and no advanced disease in the cases with a duration of less than 10 years.

Blood plays an important role in oxygen absorption and its transfer to organs and tissues in vertebrates, as well as in a number of invertebrate species. Numerous interactions between cellular and non-cellular blood components constantly occur. A special role in these interactions belongs to erythrocytes and leukocytes, between which oxygen is constantly exchanged and activated, which we showed directly in whole blood. Blood is a liquid tissue, which is a complex cooperative system and has many inherent functions and the most important one is the ability to maintain the homeostasis of the body. Our experience has shown that despite its high optical density, undiluted blood of humans and animals can be a source of radiation due to the transformation of the energy of electron-excited (EEE) states and secondary processes occurring in the whole blood system. Parameters of this radiation - ultra-weak photons emission (UWPE) from blood - depend upon its physiological properties and reflect the physiological state of a donor. Analysis of UWPE from non-diluted blood is a simple and sensitive method that allows to monitor the course of treatment of a patient. In spite of high opacity of non-diluted blood it may be a strong source of UWPE both in the presence and absence of UWPE enhancers. Analysis of patterns of UWPE from blood reveals its highly non-linear, stable non-equilibrium and cooperative properties. Characteristic of a living system.

Pneumomediastinum (mediastinal emphysema) is an uncommon condition characterized by the accumulation of air or gas in the mediastinum. Here is a case of a 16-year-old female known to have depression who presented to the emergency department with complaints of shortness of breath, restlessness, chest discomfort, and hoarseness of voice for 2 days. She was initially diagnosed with panic attack, and later on clinical examination, surgical emphysema over the right supraclavicular area was noticed. Chest X-ray was found to be normal, and further imaging with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax showed pneumomediastinum. In this report, the clinical presentations, radiological features, and management of pneumomediastinum will be discussed.