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In engineering, all moving rotating objects exhibit gyroscopic effects resulting from the action of an external torque on a rotating object. Gyroscopic effects are the action of a set of inertial moments and movements of an object around three axes of a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. Moments of inertia are created by centrifugal and Coriolis forces, as well as the moment of change in angular momentum, which is expressed by their kinetic energy. The values of the moments of inertia directly depend on the speed of rotation of the object and its rotation around the axes. A short-term effect of an external load on a running gyroscope with displaced support can be manifested by its oscillations. The physics of gyroscope oscillations is not well explained in publications. This article describes the oscillations of a gyroscope by the action of the external torque which is its potential energy converting into kinetic energy of the inertial torques of the gyroscope. The conversion is carried out by the principle of mechanical energy conservation which is the same as for oscillations of a spring with a load.

Actinic keratosis (AK) are scaly lesions caused by chronic ultraviolet-induced damage to the epidermis which are a proxy for excessive sun-exposure [1] that may evolve into squamous cell carcinoma [2-7]. Therefore, there is a need or continuous surveillance of such patients along with adapted information for an effective photo-protection, practical couselling on photoprotection towards the defined population, i.e. elderly with actinic keratosis. Thus, patient observance and adhesion to the dermatologist recommendations become a real public health issue. In this context, we aimed to evaluate through a non-interventional, real-life observational study, the impact of photoprotection counseling by the dermatologist on patients attitude towards sun exposure

Background: To date, the scientific community has mainly focused on outcomes of obesity surgery such as weight loss and resolution of associated complications. Adverse post-operative events and reoperation rates have been poorly reported even if they are a marker of surgical safety and therefore of great importance in guiding patients and surgeons in the choice of the more suitable operation. Methods: This retrospective multicenter observational study is based on the data extracted from the Italian Society of Bariatric Surgery and Metabolic Disorders (S.I.C.OB.) database, which covers almost all the bariatric operations performed in Italy. We analysed the 30 days post-operative complications occurring, in the period from 2009 to 2015, after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) and Mini Gastric Bypass/One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (MGB/OAGB) qualitatively, quantitatively and on the basis of the Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications. Complications following surgeries were tested using the 95% confidence interval. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistical Analysis System (SAS). Results: In the 2009-2015 time frame, a total of 31,624 operations were performed of which 6,864 RYGB, 10,833 SG and 992 MGB/OAGB. The complication rate was 4.39 %, 4.04 % and 3.83% respectively. The most frequent complications were hemoperitoneum (0.9%) and perforation, fistula and dehiscence (1%) which were higher in SG when compared with RYGB (with a statistical significance) and when compared with MGB/OAGB (without a statistical significance). When dividing the complications by the different grades of the Clavien-Dindo classification, the only significant difference encountered, from a statistical standpoint, was between MGB/OAGB and SG. MGB/OAGB was associated with a lower grade I Clavien-Dindo complication rate (1.31% versus 2.34%). Conclusion: This study supports a safe profile of obesity surgey in Italy, along with positive bariatric outcomes. The rate of 30 days post-operative complications is progressively lower after MGB/OAGB (3.83%), SG (4.04%) and RYGB (4.39%) respectively. In particular, MGB/OAGB records statistically less low-grade Clavien-Dindo complications compared to SG and RYGB. Introduction

Introduction: The refractoriness in treatment of chronic prostatitis (CP) could be due to repeated infection. This reinfection could be caused by Helicobacter Pylori present in human saliva. Methods: The oral cavities seem to be the important reservoirs for the reinfection. The transmission from these reservoirs could be stopped by avoiding contact between male urethera and saliva. Results: Three patients suffering from refractory symptoms of CP were advised to avoid contact between their urethera and saliva and were prescribed antibiotics. All patients had complete response. Conclusions: The oral cavity serve as reservoir of microorganisms (H.Pylori) which infects patient’s urethera repeatedly in patients of CP.

Introduction: Radioiodine therapy is a standard procedure in thyroid autonomy treatment. Discrepancies in the visual comparisons of the scintigraphies prepared for this purpose using Tc-99m-O4- and I-131 have been known for years. In this study a new method is used to calculate and perform a quantitative comparison of both uptakes using subtraction analysis and 3D imaging. The results and their causes are discussed together with practice-relevant conclusions for better clinical results. Material and Methods: The new method was used in 38 patients with thyroid autonomies for the subtraction analysis of standardized pretherapeutic and intratherapeutic scintigraphies. The parametric distribution of activity was calculated absolutely and as a percentage and displayed three-dimensionally. These results were compared with the visual assessment of the different scintigraphies by the experts. Inclusion criteria were pretherapeutic and intratherapeutic hyperthyroidism without medication affecting the thyroid. The time difference between acquiring the scintigraphies was 28 days maximum. Results: Activity distribution was visually discrepant in 39.5% of cases. 60.5% displayed comparable uptake. The calculated values showed reversed results after applying the new method. The results using our method show a higher rate of calculated discrepancies compared with visual analysis. Conclusion: Accurate functional imaging of the thyroid is next to further aspects very important in establishing the diagnosis and deciding about the therapy activity for thyroid treatment. In combination with clinical symptoms and laboratory values, Tc-99m-O4 - scintigram can be used for an orientated, preliminary assessment of functional disorders of the thyroid. But because of the higher rate of found discrepancies, the solely use of Tc-99m-O4 - scintigram is not always capable for exact and reliable diagnosis. The known reason for this is most probably due to the different biokinetics of both radiopharmaceuticals, which can be imaged more sensitively with this method. Consequently, a scintigram should be performed in the pretherapeutic radioiodine uptake test. Despite higher costs and radiation exposure, alternatively, pretherapeutic use of other diagnostic iodine isotopes like I-123 or -124 should be discussed, because they could overcome the limitation of the different biokinetics. Following this approach the preliminary assessment using Tc-99m-O4 - scintigraphy can be precised and double checked to improve diagnostic confi dence and treatment results for a better outcome of the patients.  

A Gamma Ionization Chamber was developed for the purpose of high gamma radiation detection during accident conditions in a Light Water reactor. The pre-eminence of the detector is that it was designed and developed to monitor gamma exposure rates in the wide range of 100 mR/hr to 107 R/hr. The detector has an overall diameter of 90 mm with a length of 400 mm. The response of the detector is accurate and the sensitivity is within ± 6% over gamma energies ranging from 660 KeV to 1.25 MeV. The detector operates with a DC voltage of 500V. The V0.9 voltage is about 250V for 107 R/hr. The estimated operation life of the detector is about 20 years. 

Cluster headache (CH) is a primary headache belonging to the group of trigeminal-autonomic cephalalgias, characterized by short attacks of very severe headache, always involving the same side of the head, more frequently localized to the periorbital and temporal area, associated with homolateral tearing, red eye, nose obstruction or rhinorrhea, ptosis, miosis, and restlessness. These attacks generally last 15-180 minutes and can occur from once every day to 8 times a day. 

Background: Prevalence of malnutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients is due to their lower appetite level. Diabetic patients experience polyphagia. Hence it is necessary to understand the impact of diabetes on the nutritional status of CKD patient. Aim: To compare the nutritious status between the CKD patients with and without diabetes. Objectives: To find out the impact of diabetes on the nutritional status of CKD patients. Method and Materials: A prospective random sampling method was adopted to select the subjects. Eighty CKD patients were divided equally into two groups. Tool which has been used to collect the data was SOAP format. Results: While comparing BMI between group 1(CKD without diabetes) and group 2(CKD with diabetes) it was noticed that the percentage of normal nourished subjects in group 2 were greater than that of group1. About 63% and 25% of subjects with CKD in group1 had normal BMI and grade 1 undernourished respectively. In group 2, about 75% and 10% of patients had normal BMI and grade 1 over nourished respectively. About 80% of subjects in group 2 were on insulin treatment. About 88% of subjects in group1 were anorexic and about 55% and 25% of subjects in group 2 had polyphagia and normal appetite respectively. The difference in the energy and protein intake between the two groups was statistically significant at p<0.01 level. Conclusions: It can be concluded from the above study that a better nutritional status was found in the CKD patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) than the CKD patients without DM which may be due to their normal appetite/ polyphagia, hence allowing a better food intake among group2 subjects. Weight gain in CKD with DM patients may be due to increase in fat mass which is subsequent to lipogenic effect of insulin.

Renal lymphangiectasia, a rare lymphatic disorder, manifests as cystic infiltration in the perirenal and para-pyelic space due to lymphatic drainage defects. Diagnosis hinges on imaging modalities like ultrasound, CT, and MRI. However, lack of awareness can lead to confusion with other renal cystic pathologies. Here, we present a case of renal lymphangiectasia in a child, detailing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The patient, a 2-year-old and 2-month-old girl from a consanguineous marriage, presented with persistent abdominal distension. Clinical examination revealed growth retardation and normal blood pressure but abdominal distension with dullness. Lab investigations indicated acute renal failure with non-nephrotic proteinuria. Radiologically, renal lymphangiectasia was confirmed by ultrasound showing microcysts and perirenal cystic lesions with ascites, corroborated by MRI and CT scans. Treatment involved nephroprotective therapy and diuretics for ascites. Surgical intervention was necessitated due to cyst size and compressive nature, involving iterative punctures, marsupialization, and percutaneous drainage. Postoperatively, recurrent ascites temporarily worsened renal function but returned to baseline afterward. renal lymphangiectasia necessitates careful management due to its potential to progress to chronic renal failure. The prognosis depends on factors like initial proteinuria severity, treatment response, and complication management. Personalized approaches are pivotal in its diagnosis and management.

The absorption parameters such as total mass attenuation coefficients, molecular, atomic, and electronic cross sections, effective atomic numbers and electron densities were calculated for some selected enzyme inhibitors in the photon energy range from 1 keV up to 100 GeV. The changes in the absorption parameters were interpreted with the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering and pair production processes. It is observed that the 2-Imino-1-imidazolidineacetic acid enzyme inhibitor has more radiation shielding feature when compared to other chosen enzyme inhibitors. The present investigation is anticipated to be useful for researchers studying with radiation in several fields and cancer researchers.