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Liver cyst infection in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a rare but life-threatening complication. Diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. We report the case of a 64-year-old kidney transplant patient presenting with fever and abdominal pain. The diagnosis of liver cyst infection was made by positron emission tomography scan (PET/CT). Moreover, the course of our patient illustrates the interest of subsequent PET/CT during follow-up as our patient failed on antibiotherapy and required liver cyst drainage.

Sustained isometric contractions of skeletal muscles produce intramuscular pressures that leads to blood flow restriction. In result an active muscle feels deficit of oxygen what bring to muscle fatigue. In another side during exercise we have physiological contradiction between raising of oxygen demand by working muscle and restriction of blood flow due to vessel pressing. To clarify this issue many research has been performed based mainly on measurement of blood flow in muscle tissue. The purpose of this study was to assess real-time changes in muscle oxygenation during a sustained isometric contractions of dorsiflexor muscle of low (30%), moderate (60%) and submaximal (90%) intensity. Experiments were conducted using the subject’s dominant (right) leg. Volunteers was recruited from eight male students of USIPC (age: 19±2 years, weight: 75±6 kg). Tissue oxygenation index (StO2) were recorded from the tibialis anterior using NIRS device (NONIN). Saturation was higher at 30% compared with both 60% and 90% MVC at all time points after start exercise and higher at 60% than 90%. Oxygen consumption (VO2) permanently increased from slow (30%) to moderate (60%) and submaximal contractions. After cessation of the each contraction there was a large and immediate hyperemic response. Rate of StO2 increasing after effort cessation what reflects the resaturation of hemoglobin which depend on integrity and functionality of vascular system and reflects blood vessel vasodilation. StO2 restoration rate permanently increased from slow (30%) to moderate (60%) and submaximal contractions too. At last on final stage of experiment arterial occlusion test has been performed to determine the minimal oxygen saturation value in the dorsiflexors. Oxygen saturation reached a 24±1.77% what is significantly higher than StO2 after 60 and 90%MVC. So, we can conclude that oxygen saturation at 60% and 90% MVC are similar and sharply decreased after start of exercise. It means that after 60% MVC take place occlusion of blood vessels due to intramuscular pressure. Oxygen consumption of active muscle increased depend on intensity of exertion according to increasing of oxygen demand. StO2 resaturation rate (Re) permanently increased from slow (30%) to moderate (60%) and to submaximal contractions. Re increasing after effort cessation reflects the resaturation of hemoglobin which depend on integrity and functionality of vascular system and reflects blood vessel vasodilation.

Pulmonary edema is a rare but potentially life-threatening iatrogenic complication after treatment through therapeutic thoracentesis of a collapsed lung due to a hydro- or pneumo-thorax. We present a case of a 25-years male, without any pathological antecedents, who went to our emergency services with dyspnoea, tachypnea, and hypoxemia. The final diagnosis made after a clinical examination and chest X-ray showed a complete collapse of the right lung due to spontaneous pneumothorax [1-3] (Figure 1).

Background: Studies explored the therapeutic role of agents inhibiting RAS in epilepsy. Fewer studies addressed the electrophysiological changes associated with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) in terms of sustained seizures (status epilepticus). Sodium valproate (SVPA), a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant, has been associated with adverse cardiac events upon long-term use, in contrast to the beneficial role of ACEIs in cardiovascular disorders.  This work explored the potential effects of ramipril, an ACEI, compared to SVPA, on the behavior, and electrophysiology of the brain and heart in a rat model of status epilepticus. The dose dependent pattern of the presumed ramipril activities was investigated. Methods: Adult male rats were assigned into seven groups, controls, IP pyridostigmine (36 mg/kg)-induced status epilepticus (PISE), oral SVPA (5 mg/kg), and three groups receiving oral ramipril at respective doses of 5 (R5), 10 (R10), and 20 mg/kg (R20). Rat behavior was assessed using Racine’s motor convulsion scoring for 10 minutes.  Blood pressure was recorded, and electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiography (ECG) were performed on the sedated rats 24 hours after recovery. Results: Despite the partial behavioral improvement of motor convulsions with R5 and R10 exhibited epileptogenic activity, as indicated by the increased relative power of fast and slow gamma waves and total EEG power. R10 triggered arrhythmia and cardiac ischemia as indicated by absence of P wave, along with ST elevation and tall T wave, slowed heart rate and prolonged QRS, QTc, and RR intervals. Conclusion: PISE was resistant to sodium valproate and ramipril. Ramipril at low and moderate doses induced epileptogenic activity and, especially at moderate dose, precipitated cardiac ischemia and arrhythmia. SummaryThe debatable role of ramipril in epilepsy was studied in a rat model of pyridostigmine-induced status epilepticus, compared to sodium valproate. Increasing ramipril doses did not resolve status epilepticus in rats. Instead, low and moderate doses exhibited epileptogenic activity, opposite to high dose ramipril and sodium valproate. Blood pressure was dose-dependently reduced with ramipril. Electrocardiography showed evidence of cardiac arrythmia and ischemia, especially with the moderate ramipril dose. The behavioral and EEG indices correlated with systolic blood pressure and ECG changes.

Benzene (B), toluene (T), ethylbenzene (E) and xylene (X), collectively named as BTEX are mono-aromatic ring compounds with a 6-carbon benzene ring. Due to the presence of the aromatic ring, these compounds, especially benzene, are generally considered to be non-reactive species [1]. 

A case study of a non-COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) patient with congenital kyphoscoliosis to see the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation after 36 sessions given for chest disease in Kuwait with signs and symptoms, physical capacity, functional level, and Quality of life.

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by poikiloderma (skin atrophy, telangiectasia, hyper- and hypopigmentation), congenital skeletal abnormalities, short stature, premature aging, and increased risk of malignant disease. Two siblings with Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome showed the following characteristic features: severe growth failure, dystrophic nails, absent eyelashes/eyebrows, small hands, clinodactyly, microdontia and congential poikiloderma. In addition, delayed sexual development with cryptorchidism in the male and Hashimato thyroiditis in the female patient were detected. These cases are presented here because of these endocrine patterns, with the aim of drawing attention to the invisible aspects of Rothmund-Thomson syndrome.

Aims: Implication of modified N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) in synaptic plasticity and learning was investigated in normal and pathological conditions. Study design: We studied the efficiency of synaptic plasticity, the development of the long-term potentiation/depression (LTP/LTD) in olfactory cortex slices, treated with antisense or sense oligodeoxynucleotides (aODNs and sODNs) to the GluN1 subunit of NMDAR. Main outcome: aODNs induced the LTD development in slices after high-frequency tetanization. Contrariwise, in sliced treated with sODNs the enhanced LTP developed. Under conditions of severe anoxia (10 min), treatment of slices with aODNs and sODNs contributed to the preservation of synaptic activity which has been blocked in the control untreated slices. In practical implications such directed up- and down regulation of NMDAR might be useful in the readjustment of brain activity by the controlling balance of excitation/inhibition.

Introduction: The rise in cesarean section rates globally has led to a growing population of women with uterine scars, necessitating more targeted obstetric care in subsequent pregnancies. These women are faced with the decision of attempting vaginal delivery after cesarean section (VBAC) or opting for an elective repeat cesarean section. The likelihood of a VBAC depends on various factors both maternal and fetal, gathered in two known scores Grobman and Zhang, utilizing them could make VBAC successful and more widely attempted.  This study aims to validate the prognostic of these scores in a Moroccan population.Objectives:•    Validate the international predictive scores (Grobman and Zhang) for the probability of a successful VBAC in the Moroccan population.•    Explore additional criteria specific to the Moroccan population and develop a simplified VBAC score.  Results:•    Out of 2,973 women with a cesarean history, 313 attempted  TOLAC, 79% of these attempts were successful VBAC.•    The characteristics of successful VBAC included lower BMI, previous vaginal birth, lower estimated fetal weight, younger maternal age, and more favorable cervical conditions at admission.•    The Grobman and Zhang scores showed good predictive accuracy, with both models achieving 82.2% accuracy.•    When dividing women into groups based on predicted success (using both Grobman and Zhang scores), significant differences were found in success rates across different probability categories.Conclusion: Both Grobman and Zhang’s models were effective in predicting VBAC success in the Moroccan population, with a slight preference for the Zhang model. However, further research is needed to validate these models in clinical practice. It could involve developing a more population-specific model.

The use of unlicensed and off-label medicines in children is widespread and has raised an increasing concern over the last years. The majority of medicines taken by children are extemporaneously compounded by pharmacist, and there is a lack of information regarding bioavailability, suitability and stability. These formulations must be prepared from pure active substance and not from commercially available dosage forms. The development of paediatric formulations, particularly those suitable for very young children, can be a challenge to pharmacists. There is limited knowledge available about the acceptability of different dosage forms, administration volume, dosage form size, taste, safety of formulation excipients regarding to age and development status. The selection of formulation and route of administration depends on the disease being treated and the clinical condition. European Guidelines and reflection papers recommend that pharmaceutical development should consider some parameters like capability, acute or long-term illness, caregiver convenience, disability, culture differences and formulations more attractive to children must be explored.