Monkeypox virus outbreak: A new threat of virus to mankind
Published on: 27th September, 2022
Viruses becoming day by day dominate over humans, as a covid-19 pandemic is not jet over, new monkeypox virus infection cases emerged in the month of May 2020. On 13th May 2020 WHO reported monkeypox virus cases from 12 member states that are epidemic for this virus. In the past monkeypox virus are rarely seen outside of west and central Africa. Investigations are going to establish a travel link between reported cases and epidemic areas. There are very little data regarding viral mechanism or time of shading and still, we have no licensed treatment. Two smallpox-approved drugs brincidofovir and tecovirimat have efficacy against monkeypox shown in animals. Now two smallpox-recommended vaccinations JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 are also available and are efficient to prevent the monkeypox virus. Two second- and third-generation Vaccinations are recommended by WHO for people that are immunocompromised and children’s MVA-BN, LC16. This article aims to raise awareness of virus spread, providing information regarding virus detail, severity, precautions, and detection.
Accidental placement of hemodialysis catheter tip in the right internal mammary vein: a case report
Published on: 5th October, 2022
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 9645193845
Hemodialysis catheter placement, particularly Internal Jugular Catheter insertion, is a very common procedure for patients who require urgent access to renal replacement therapy. Most of these procedures are done under ultrasound guidance as recommended by KDIGO 2019 vascular access guidelines. However, catheter tip misplacement can still occur even in the experts’ hands and despite the use of ultrasound. In this case report, we will discuss a hemodialysis catheter tip placement in the right internal mammary vein and how we managed it.
Screening of Auxin-like Substances among Synthetic Compounds, Derivatives of Pyridine and Pyrimidine
Published on: 12th December, 2023
The effect of known synthetic compounds Ivin (N-oxide-2,6-dimethylpyridine), Methyur (sodium salt of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine), Kamethur (potassium salt of 6-methyl-2-mercapto-4-hydroxypyrimidine) and new synthetic compounds, derivatives of pyrimidine (No. 1 - 7) on the rooting of isolated stem cuttings of haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) variety Bilozernaya was studied. The growth regulatory activity of synthetic compounds Ivin, Methyur, Kamethur, and synthetic compounds, derivatives of pyrimidine (No. 1 - 7) was compared with the activity of auxins IAA (1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid) and NAA (1-naphthylacetic acid). The conducted studies showed that the regulatory effect of synthetic compounds Ivin, Methyur, Kamethur, and synthetic compounds, derivatives of pyridine (No. 1 - 7) on the rooting of isolated stem cuttings of haricot bean was similar to the auxins IAA and NAA. The synthetic compounds Ivin, Methyur, and Kamethur, and synthetic compounds, derivatives of pyrimidine (No. 1, 4, 5, and 7) showed the highest auxin-like activity. The indicators of the total number of roots (pcs) and total length of roots (cm) obtained on isolated stem cuttings of haricot bean immersed in a water solution of synthetic compounds Ivin, Methyur, Kamethur and synthetic compounds, derivatives of pyridine (No. 1, 4, 5 and 7), used at a concentration of 10-7 M, statistically significantly exceeded similar indicators obtained on control isolated stem cuttings of haricot bean immersed in distilled water. The practical use of synthetic compounds Ivin, Methyur, Kamethur, and synthetic compounds, derivatives of pyrimidine (No. 1, 4, 5 and 7) is proposed to improve the vegetative propagation of haricot bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and other plant species of the family Fabaceae by stem cuttings.
Pretreatments, dehydration methods and packaging materials: effects on the nutritional quality of tomato powder: a review
Published on: 13th October, 2022
Pretreatments and drying are commonly used before drying tomatoes to inactivate enzymes, improve the drying process, and improve the quality of dried tomato powders. In this review, the effects of different pretreatments (osmotic solutions), dehydration methods, and packaging materials on the quality attributes of tomato powder were summarized. These include pretreatments and osmotic agent solutions (potassium metabisulfite, calcium chloride, sodium metabisulphite, ascorbic acid, citric acid, sodium chloride, and sodium benzoate), thermal blanching (steam blanching and hot water) and non-thermal-processes-like-freezing, sulfuring, etc. and drying methods (oven, sun, and indirect solar dryer). The tomato powders were dried to preserve, store, and transport them. Drying implies not only physical changes, which the consumer can easily detect through visual inspection but also chemical modifications. These are responsible for alterations in color, flavor, and nutritional value, which compromise the overall quality of the final tomato powder. Maximum lycopene, vitamin A, and C contents were found in freeze-dried and direct sundried than samples dried using other methods at low drying temperatures. Freeze driers showed in keeping the nutritional quality of tomato powder with a combination of different pretreatments. Different pretreatments including osmotic agent solutions have their own merits and demerits for the final tomato powder. To overcome the drawbacks of nutritional quality, non-thermal pretreatment categories may be a better alternative to thermal blanching, and more fundamental research is required for better design and scale-up.
Child neglect - still a neglected problem in the global world: A review
Published on: 29th September, 2020
Child neglect is a global problem that involves large costs for both the individual and for society. This article is based on published reviews and meta-analyses in the field of child neglect between 1980 and 2018. Of a total of 433 articles, 13 was included, main Data bases has been PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Psych Info, ERIC, CINAHL. The prevalence in the normal population was found to be between 16% and 26%, while the prevalence in clinical groups seem to be significantly higher. For example, was the prevalence of neglect 50% among patients with eating disorder. It is especially important to know who is reporting neglect. Research shows that neglect is strongly associated with among other things, depression, one of the most common illnesses among the general public. The theoretical models that are used are ecological. Risk factors can be found at all levels when using ecological models. Research shows that factors involving the relationship parent-child are among the most important. Neglect is more common in low-income countries than in high income countries.
Most studies point to the importance of prevention. Existing preventive programs are most often of family and parental character.
More research is needed, especially as concerns the development of preventive programs that can identify specific types of neglect and present suitable preventive measures, both at the societal and family level.
Key points
1. Neglect is a global problem.
2. Prevalence depends on the measurement method and can vary between about 16% and 76%.
3. Prevalence is higher when negligence is self-reported than when reported by professionals.
4. The most common and most serious risk factors are present in the microsystem. Parenting and interactions between child and parent are considered important.
5. There is a link between neglect and, above all, depression, but also anxiety, self-harm and eating disorders.
Aseptic Meningitis in Pregnancy – A Case Study Detailing Potential Diagnostic Dilemmas
Published on: 14th June, 2023
There are few reported cases of meningitis in pregnancy and presentation can be variable in each patient which may cause diagnostic challenges and potential delays in treatment. Here, we discuss a case of aseptic meningitis - a 36 years old Gravida 2 Para 1 pediatric physician with “the worst headache of her life” at 31+5 weeks of gestation. At presentation, she did not have any of the classic triads of meningitis (fever, neck stiffness, and/or a change in mental status) and did not report any neurological symptoms. In view of persistent headache, development of pyrexia, and evolving symptoms of photophobia, she was referred to a neurology specialist, and a lumbar puncture was performed. Findings were in line with meningitis and the polymerase chain reaction confirmed enterovirus meningitis. Although aseptic meningitis is rare, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with persistent complaints, development of associated symptoms of pyrexia, photophobia, and neck pain, as well as in patients with increased risk of exposure to viral illnesses.
Management of temporomandibudar joint ankylosis with costo-chondral graft application: Case report and review of literature
Published on: 27th February, 2020
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 8560390804
Introduction: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is one of the most disruptive anomaly that affects the masticatory system and is referred as permanent movement disfunction of the mandible caused by bilateral or unilateral fibrous or bony adhesions and create problems. The etiology is congenital or idiopathic and include trauma, arthritis, infection, previous TMJ surgery etc. Management requires extensive resection of the ankylotic mass and reconstruction of the ramus-condyle unit with autogenous or alloplastic grafts. Most of the time, combination of surgical treatment with physiotherapy is needed in order to achieve maximum rehabilitation and functionality of the mandible.
Purpose: The aim of this study is to present the surgical management of an unusual case of unilateral TMJ ankylosis and recent of literature review.
Case report: A thirty-seven-year old patient reported unable moving his lower jaw. Clinical examination revealed unilateral TMJ ankylosis of congenital cause and the lateral movement of the mandible was impossible. The patient surgical treatment included resection of the newly formed bone mass, replacement of the condyle with costo-chondral graft and replaced of articular disc with the temporal fascia. Since and for ten years after surgery the patient shows no signs of relapse.
Conclusion: The development of TMJ ankylosis may be congenital or acquired etiology. In order to manage it required a comprehensive clinical and radiographic examination. Surgical resection of the bone and coronoid process on the entire side is necessary and a graft that mimics the articular disc is placed, while it is necessary the immediate postoperative kinesiotherapy.
Maltodextrin Use in Persistent Neonatal Hypoglycemia; Audit Report of a Single Center Experience
Published on: 27th December, 2023
Background: Neonatal hypoglycemia is known to cause significant neuronal damage and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. Consensus guidelines are lacking for the management of persistent neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinism which often requires high concentrations of dextrose and medications. Although used in the pediatric population with persistent hypoglycemia, only a few case reports are published regarding the use of Maltodextrin supplementation in persistent neonatal hypoglycemia due to transient hyperinsulinism. Objective: To audit the use of Maltodextrins in the management of persistent neonatal hypoglycemia due to transient hyperinsulinism in neonates. Audit design: A retrospective chart review (CERNER electronic data) of all cases with persistent neonatal hypoglycemia who received Maltodextrin supplementation for a period of 3½ years between July 2018 and December 2021. Results: A total of 18 neonates received Maltodextrin supplementation for neonatal hypoglycemia during the audit period. 16/18 (89%) neonates who received Maltodextrin supplementation were weaned off from intravenous dextrose within 1 week without major side effects or severe rebound hypoglycemia. Two out of 18 babies who received Maltodextrin needed Diazoxide supplementation for persistent hypoglycemia. Conclusion: The results of our audit are promising, yet further research and randomized controlled studies are needed to systematically evaluate the findings of this audit regarding Maltodextrin supplementation for the management of neonatal hypoglycemia with transient hyperinsulinism.
Twin-stage technique for occlusal rehabilitation of a mutilated dentition – A case report
Published on: 28th May, 2020
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 8627834705
Functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of an extremely worn dentition is one of the most challenging aspects of Prosthodontics. A thorough examination and diagnosis & selection of appropriate occlusal scheme are key factors to achieve optimal clinical outcome. Among the variety of techniques suggested in the literature, the twin-stage technique given by Hobo & Takayama has emerged as a popular choice for clinicians in recent times. Instead of the condylar path, it utilizes standard cuspal angle as the main determinant of articulation to produce predictable disocclusion in eccentric movements. It is relatively simple, does not require special armamentarium and can be incorporated easily with commonly used clinical techniques such as face bow transfer.
The present case report describes the full mouth rehabilitation of a severely mutilated dentition using Hobo’s twin-stage technique to achieve a functionally and aesthetically favourable outcome.
Patient with Fibroadenoma on Biopsy, Found to have Phyllodes on Final Pathology: A Case Report
Published on: 28th December, 2023
Distinguishing between fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors is a challenge in breast surgery, despite advances in both radiology and pathology. In this case report, we analyze a patient presenting with a breast mass with multiple core needle biopsy results consistent with fibroadenoma, who underwent enucleation and was found to have phyllodes tumor on final pathology, thereby requiring surgical re-excision. This case report highlights the importance of patient clinical presentation in differentiating fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors and explores how to achieve appropriate margins upon surgical re-excision after prior enucleation of phyllodes tumor via ultrasound localization of a seroma.
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