Articles

Nutrition is the process of supplying the organism with substances that have certain useful characteristics for the organism. It is through the process of nutrition that the organism receives the necessary amount of energy required for normal life activity. The cell is a structural and functional unit of the human body, and it is from a set of similar formations that tissue, organ, and organ systems are formed. Consequently, each cell of the body must receive the necessary supply of nutrients in order to continue its normal functioning. Cellular nutrition is the ability of each cell of the human body to consume nutrient molecules in the amount they need. In this case, the object of the study is just that nutrition, which begins with the nourishment of an individual cell. This article presents the results obtained by analyzing the data regarding the process of making the cell's consumption of the right nutrients while taking into account how the transition to cellular nutrition affects the environment and its constituents.

Based on the results obtained in the study of the interaction of geological and biosphere processes, we found out that there is a close relationship between them. It was also found that the gravity of the bodies of the solar system on the Earth plays a significant role in the above relationship. The effect of gravity was demonstrated on the movement of lithosphere plates, on the processes in the atmosphere and hydrosphere, on related climatic cycles, and the biosphere processes, including "living" organisms' evolution and their mass extinctions. The periodicity of these processes due to gravity is shown. It is expressed in the alternation of short-term orogenic periods of the beginning of the processes with long-term geosynclinal periods of their development and completion. Both periods constitute the repetitive orogenic cycles. The relationship of the cycles with the evolution of photosynthesis, as well as with related Organic Matter (OM) accumulation in sediments after mass extinction of organisms, including OM transformation leading to the formation of Hydrocarbon (HC) accumulations, is shown. Biogenic processes accounting for the accumulation and transformation of organic matter in sediments constitute the biogenic pathway of the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations. It is shown that the influence of gravity extends to the processes in the inner geospheres, including the movement of magma in the asthenosphere under the lithosphere shell, to the movement of hydrogen gas coming from the Earth's core, combining with volatile compounds of elements present in magma, as well as to the rifting process. It is shown that rifting processes lead to the formation of gaseous HC accumulations and constitute a pathway called abiogenic. The obtained results shed light on the peculiarities of the formation of HC accumulations by biogenic and abiogenic pathways, allowing prediction of their chemical characteristics. This is essential when searching for oil and gas and planning exploration works.

This paper reviews the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on civil engineering. It explores AI's fundamental concepts and its applications across structural analysis, construction management, transportation, geotechnical engineering, and sustainability. The review highlights AI's role in automating tasks, predicting outcomes, and optimizing designs throughout project lifecycles. Recent advancements in AI-driven technologies for structural health monitoring, predictive maintenance, and risk assessment are discussed, along with challenges like data quality and model interpretability. Future trends such as autonomous construction and digital twins are examined, emphasizing the need for continued research and interdisciplinary collaboration. In conclusion, this paper offers insights for leveraging AI to address evolving challenges and opportunities in civil engineering, fostering innovation, sustainability, and resilience in infrastructure development.

Medicines are used to cure and treat ailments, relieve or eliminate disease symptoms, and slow down the disease process. Any attempt to disrupt this natural medicine process, using falsified medications, spells doom to a consumer of such medication. The challenge of fake medicines is a global one and affects developing and developed nations and currently assumes great significance as a result of globalization challenges, which have flattened the entire world, hence removing barriers to the movement of products and services. The cross-sectional survey was conducted, using six local government areas of Anambra State in South-East Nigeria, namely Awka, Nnewi, Onitsha, Aguata, Ogbaru, and Anaocha, among adults aged 18 years and above. A minimum sample size of 500 was calculated and stratified sampling was employed to select respondents in order to ensure that various population groups, the upper class, middle class, and lower class were represented.This research has shown that falsified medicine is an evil wind that blows nobody any good. It negatively affects every aspect of the citizen’s livelihood, ranging from their health, which manifests as treatment failures, deformities, loss of life to death, to loss of confidence in the healthcare providers, revenue losses to individuals, healthcare providers, manufacturers, and finally corruption of the genuine medicines supply chain with fake and adulterated medicines.The study has clearly shown the experiences of residents of Anambra State, South-East Nigeria with fake and adulterated medicines and also services as a wake-up call to medicines regulators like NAFDAC, PCN, the PSN, and Federal Ministry of Health to declare a state of emergency on the fight against fake and adulterated medicines and make enabling laws that are punitive enough towards the fight against this scourge, so that the healthcare and well-being of Nigerians would be assured at all times.

Numerous studies relate differences in microbial communities to humans. The microbiome is fundamental for the human turn of events, invulnerability, and nourishment. The ordinary microbiota has explicit capability in supplement digestion, xenobiotic and drug digestion, upkeep of underlying trustworthiness of the stomach mucosal boundary, immunomodulation, and assurance against microorganisms. Out of nowhere, it assumes a significant part in criminology. In a few criminal examinations, such perceptible changes in the microbiome and mycobiome can decide the reason or the genuine spot of death. The microbial follows found at the crime location can likewise give obvious proof of responsibility. The point of this audit was to study the microbiome and its applications in scientific sciences and to decide the primary lines of examination that are emerging, as well as its potential commitments to the scientific field.’

Background: The establishment of eye clinics in the form of rural outreach centers as a means of educating and providing eye care to rural residents was made necessary by the lack of eye care services in rural areas within Nigeria and the need to increase the cataract surgical rate among ophthalmologists in training. Understanding patterns of eye diseases in rural areas and eye health-seeking behaviors is crucial to achieving the goals of Vision 2020 especially for aspiring ophthalmologists.Aim and objectives: To examine the types of eye conditions observed at Nenwe, a rural outreach post of a tertiary hospital, and to evaluate their distribution.Methodology: A retrospective analysis of all patients who were seen at the community eye clinic during seven years was carried out. Records of patients at the Nenwe outreach eye clinic dating from November 2016 to August 2023 were examined, yielding information on patients examined during the period of study.Results: Glaucoma was the most common eye condition to be diagnosed. Cataracts were the second most common eye condition accounting for 20.8%. Other common eye illnesses were refractive error (9%), pterygium (7%), and allergic eye disease (6%) with 129, 101, and 95 cases, respectively. Retinal detachment (51 cases), prebyopia (47 cases), corneal lesion (58 cases), and dry eye condition (47 cases) were less common.Conclusion: The results show the burden of eye disorders in the Nenwe rural community and the importance of community-based eye care services.

Background: Tailored adjuvant treatment is key to managing endometrial cancer effectively. Understanding prognostic factors of loco-regional failure and the impact of adjuvant treatment can help in treatment de-escalation without compromising survival outcomes.The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of failure in endometrial cancer patients and to determine predicting Loco-Regional Recurrence (LRR) factors.Patients and methods: Data were collected from 214 patients treated for endometrial cancer between 2005 and 2012 in Salah Azaiez Institute in Tunisia. All patients underwent upfront surgery followed by adjuvant brachytherapy with or without external beam radiation. The median follow-up period was 44 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for LRR.Results: The 5-year overall survival rate was 78.1%, and the 5-year progression-free survival rate was 80.1%. LRR occurred in 25 patients (11.6%), with a median recurrence time of 29 months (range 4 months - 46 months). Pelvic relapse was the most common site, occurring in 10 patients. Vaginal relapses were observed in 9 patients, and retro-peritoneal relapses were observed in 6 cases. FIGO stage, tumor grade, histologic type, Lympho-Vascular Space Invasion (LVSI), and delays in adjuvant treatment were significant predictors of LRR.Conclusion: Identifying prognostic factors for LRR in endometrial cancer is crucial for optimizing adjuvant treatment strategies. Higher FIGO stages and the presence of LVSI were independent predictive factors for LRR. Tailored adjuvant treatment, taking these prognostic factors into account, is essential to improve patient outcomes and minimize unnecessary treatment-related toxicity.

Microbiome-gut-brain axis represents a complex, bidirectional communication network connecting the gastrointestinal tract and its microbial populations with the central nervous system (CNS). This complex system is important for maintaining physiological homeostasis and has significant implications for mental health. The human gut has trillions of microorganisms, collectively termed gut microbiota, which play important roles in digestion, immune function, and production of various metabolites. Some current research shows that these microorganisms strongly influence the brain function and behaviour of individuals, forming the basis of the microbiome-gut-brain axis. The communication between gut microbiota and the brain occurs via multiple pathways: neural pathway (e.g., vagus nerve), endocrine pathway (e.g., hormone production), immune pathway (e.g., inflammation modulation), and metabolic pathway (e.g., production of short-chain fatty acids). Dysbiosis, or imbalance of gut microbiota, has been linked to mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, etc, offering new perspectives on their etiology and potential therapeutic interventions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in interpreting the complexities of the microbiome-gut-brain axis. AI techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning, enable the integration and analysis of large, multifaceted datasets, uncovering patterns and correlations that can be avoided by traditional methods. These techniques enable predictive modeling, biomarker discovery, and understanding of underlying biological mechanisms, enhancing research efficiency and covering ways for personalized therapeutic approaches. The application of AI in microbiome research has provided valuable insights into mental health conditions. AI models have identified specific gut bacteria linked to disease, offered predictive models, and discovered distinct microbiome signatures associated with specific diseases. Integrating AI with microbiome research holds promise for revolutionizing mental health care, offering new diagnostic tools and targeted therapies. Challenges remain, but the potential benefits of AI-driven insights into microbiome-gut-brain interactions are immense and offer hope for innovative treatments and preventative measures to improve mental health outcomes.

Background: Delaying or slowing functional loss is a valuable goal of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) rehabilitation. The mHealth app-based exercise rehabilitation intervention is expected to overcome barriers related to routine care of MS. Due to the ubiquitous presence of smartphones, they offer an excellent opportunity for remote monitoring, scheduled interaction with experts, and instruction for exercise in a home environment. Challenges in MS routine care include forgotten rehabilitation steps, limited access to local MS experts, and internal barriers such as low health literacy, mobility limitations, and fatigue, alongside external obstacles like service availability and transport costs.Objectives: To develop a mHealth app that is user-centered and context-specific for rehabilitation of MS symptoms, and to evaluate its clinical and cost effectiveness in individuals with RRMS.Methods: The proposed research will be conducted in two phases; the first phase (Phase 1a) will be focused on the development of mHealth app content (ReMiT-MS app trial I). The pilot phase (Phase 1b), where a prototype of the application will be designed, and its usability will be evaluated. Finally, in the second phase (Phase 2), the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the ReMiT-MS app for the rehabilitation of individuals with RRMS will be evaluated (ReMiT-MS app trial II).Conclusion: The findings of this proposed trial may provide a telerehabilitation platform for individuals with RRMS in a resource-limited setting and establish a low-cost healthcare delivery model. In addition, the results of this research work might open a new window in healthcare delivery in India and similar settings.Trial registration:  CTRI/2022/09/045266 [Registered on 06/09/2022]

The topic of this paper is to describe the 3-D current density in the windings of a 3-D coil, which fills the volume between two coaxial cylinders at a precisely defined distance from each other, and which serves to generate a magnetic field gradient in the center of the cylinder axis. The 3-D current density is considered an unknown input quantity, which is calculated from the known gradient magnetic field output. It is an inverse problem in mathematics, where the direct problems are the calculation of unknown output quantities based on known input quantities. Fourier series expansion methods in the context of cylindrical coordinates were used to describe the 3-D current density. In that case, Bessel functions are used as development components. The current densities, at each point in space, were lined up to represent current lines. Each power line is associated with a coil winding through which a current of a certain strength flows. After that, the principle of discretization of coil windings was applied. Each winding is divided into a large number of elementary segments that were considered as current elements, which create, based on Bio-Savar's law, an elementary magnetic field. In this way, the total, continuous magnetic field is broken into many elementary components, which come from different current elements. An important result of this process is that each current element can be controlled independently by a current source. This means that the output magnetic field of the gradient can be controlled by current sources, which are the input sizes, and this is what is at the core of the topic of this paper.