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The Effect of Humidity on Blood Serum Pattern Formation and Blood Transfer

Published on: 28th August, 2023

A detailed knowledge of the drying properties of blood is important for a more complete understanding of the forensic information that may exist at a crime location. Although the effect of relative humidity on the general properties of blood drying has been evaluated, relatively little information exists regarding the alterations of blood serum distribution that may occur during the drying process. Moreover, the influence of humidity on the ability of dried blood drops to transfer from skin to absorbent material has never been studied. The data in the current report show that blood serum pattern formation is distinctly altered by increased humidity in drying drops of blood. In addition, these data document that high humidity conditions were sufficient to remoisten dried blood drops such that they were able to transfer to the absorbent material, with the original bloodstain pattern maintained.
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A Novel Strategy to Improve Radiotherapy Effectiveness: First-in-Human MR-guided Focused Ultrasound-Stimulated Microbubbles (MRgFUS+MB) Radiation Enhancement Treatment

Published on: 24th August, 2023

Background and aim: Preclinical in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that radiation-induced tumour cell death can be enhanced 10- to 40-fold when combined with focused-ultrasound (FUS)-stimulated microbubbles (MB). The acoustic exposure of MB in the tumour volume causes vasculature perturbation, activation of the acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) ceramide pathway, and resultant endothelial cell apoptosis. When the tumour is subsequently treated with radiation, there is increased endothelial cell death and anoxic tumour killing. Here we describe a first-in-human experience treating patients with magnetic resonance (MR)-guided FUS-stimulated MB (MRgFUS+MB) radiation enhancement.Case presentation: A head and neck cancer patient with recurrent disease underwent radiotherapy for 5 separate sites of locoregional disease followed by systemic therapy. The first consisted of a course of 45 Gy in 5 fractions alone, the second of 30 Gy in 5 fractions with hyperthermia, and the three others of 20-30 Gy in 5 fractions along with MRgFUS+MB treatment. The treatment methodology used an MR-coupled FUS-device operating at 500 KHz and 540 kPa peak negative pressure with an insonification time of 750 ms spread over 5 minutes to stimulate intravenously administered MB within tumour target. All sites treated with stimulated MB had a complete radiological response, and subsequently, the patient’s other cutaneous metastatic disease disappeared. The patient has been under surveillance for over two years without active treatment or disease progression.Discussion: MRgFUS+MB was well-tolerated with no reported treatment-related adverse events, which can be attributed to the capability of FUS to selectively stimulate MB within the tumour volume while sparing the surrounding normal tissue. Sustained local control at all target sites aligns with earlier preclinical findings suggesting the radiation enhancement potential of FUS+MB.Conclusion: MRgFUS+MB represents a novel and promising therapy for enhancing radiation efficacy and improving therapeutic index with potential improvements in disease control.
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Faecal Transplant Therapy: A Promising Treatment Modality for Cardiovascular Diseases

Published on: 28th August, 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are considered as “lifestyle” diseases and so far “No unified procedure” or medicines are effective in the management of this group of diseases. Researchers and clinicians have indicated that no safe therapeutic window is available in therapeutics at present. Recent research showed that gut microbiota are effective in managing lifestyle diseases therefore we introduced the influence of gut microbiota in the prognosis of the CVDs. Faecal transplant therapy(FMT) has been anticipated to treat many diseases similar to recurrent bacterial Clostridioides difficile infection which has been used worldwide. Recently, FMT was tried on an animal model to treat CVDs, and recent human trials that were tried to manage CVDs in humans by FMT showed encouraging results. The mechanism of action of transplanted bacteria to manage CVDs in the human population is also discussed. In-depth knowledge on the pros and cons of FMT will pave the way to standardize the procedure once the lacuna existing at present in treating CVDs, is paved, this technology will be useful for the masses.
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Neural Network Calculator of Rubber Characteristics with Improved Properties

Published on: 28th August, 2023

A new technique for the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for the generalization and visual presentation of the results of experimental studies is proposed. The possibility of using ANN for cases for which their use was previously considered impossible is shown. ANN calculators have been created that summarize the results of experimental studies on the effect of trans-polynorbornene and basalt fiber on the characteristics of a rubber compound based on general-purpose rubbers (isoprene SKI-3, butadiene-methylstyrene SKMS-30ARK and butadiene SKD), which also contained vulcanizing agents (N, N′-dithiodimorpholine, thiuram D), vulcanization accelerators (sulfenamide C, 2-mercapto-benzothiazole), vulcanization activators (zinc white, stearic acid), emollients (industrial oil I-12A, rosin) and antioxidants (acetonanil H, diaphene FP). The rubber mixture was prepared on laboratory rollers LB 320 160/160. Subsequently, the rubber mixture was vulcanized in a P-V-100-3RT-2-PCD press. For the resulting vulcanizates, the physical and mechanical properties and their changes were determined after daily exposure to air and in a standard SZhR-1 hydrocarbon liquid at a temperature of 100 °C. We also studied the change in the mass of vulcanizates after exposure to industrial oil I-20A and water. The dynamic parameters (modulus of elasticity and mechanical loss tangent) of vulcanizates, which characterize their noise and vibration-absorbing properties, were studied on a Metravib VHF 104 dynamic mechanical analyzer. The created ANN calculators allow solving a direct problem - interpolating the dependences of all rubber characteristics on the content of basalt fiber, as well as solving inverse problems - to determine the required content of basalt fiber to create rubber with the required performance properties. The autonomous executable modules of the calculators developed by ANN were made and can be passed to everyone.
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Utilization of Molecular Simulation Applications for Stability Testing of Anthocyanin Compounds in Black Elderberry

Published on: 1st September, 2023

Recently, many studies on the molecular activity of compounds have been carried out using simulations through computer programs or in silico simulations. Anthocyanins are one of the compounds that are often used as food coloring agents and can function as antioxidants to prevent blockage of blood vessels, as an anti-cancer that can prevent the development of cancer cells and tumors and have anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of the research is to determine the stability of anthocyanins using molecular simulations and determine the best mixing sequence of ingredients to produce the most stable anthocyanin mixture. Based on the results of the simulations carried out, it can be proven that the final 3 sets (the modeled compound belonging to namely AP and AZ followed by a number based on the simulation order) selected are AP17, AP18, and AZ17. The AP17 set had the lowest potential energy at the end of molecular dynamics simulations, but molecular visualization showed structural instability indicated by the formation of gaps in the molecular conformation. The AP18 set had the second lowest potential energy at the end of molecular dynamics simulations and molecular visualization showed molecular conformation that tended to be stable during molecular simulations with no change in structure. The AZ17 set had the highest potential energy of the final 3 sets selected and molecular visualization showed a gap in the conformation at the beginning of the simulation, but over time the gap became denser, indicating that the molecule became more stable over time. Based on the research results, the AP18 set was chosen because it has relatively low potential energy and it can be proven that the structure visualization of this set tends to be more stable over time during molecular dynamics simulations.
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Microbial Conversion and Utilization of CO2

Published on: 4th September, 2023

Rising greenhouse gas emissions have contributed to unprecedented levels of climate change, while microbial conversion and utilization of CO2 is a practical way to reduce emissions and promote green manufacturing. This article mainly summarizes several natural CO2 pathways that have been discovered, including the Calvin cycle, the reduced tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle, the Wood–Ljungdahl (WL) pathway, the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (HP/HB) cycle, the dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate (DC/HB) cycle, the 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) cycle, the reductive glycine (rGly) pathway, and artificially designed carbon fixation pathways includes the CETCH cycle, the MOG pathway, the acetyl-CoA bicycle, and the POAP cycle. We also discussed applications of different carbon fixation enzymes, notably ribulose-1, 5-diphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, pyruvate carboxylase, carbonic anhydrase, as well as formate dehydrogenase. This paper further addressed the development of photosynthetic autotrophs, chemergic autotrophs and model bacteria Escherichia coli or yeast produced main products for CO2 fixation through metabolic engineering, such as alcohols, organic acids, fatty acids and lipids, bioplastics, terpenoids, hydrocarbons, and biomass.  Future studies on CO2 microbial conversion should focus on improving the efficiency of carbon fixation enzymes, metabolic modules of the carbon sequestration pathway, and intracellular energy utilization. Coupled microbial and electrochemical methods for CO2 fixation, in addition to biological fixation, show considerable promise. 
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Healthcare Bioethics: A Vital Branch of Bioethics and a New Possible Pillar for Modern Healthcare Systems Strengthening Worldwide

Published on: 5th September, 2023

Globally, all people deserve the highest level of respect for their dignity, rights, and health. Bioethics has been recognized as a powerful discipline that aims to ensure such respect. Fritz Jar (1895–1953) and Van Rensselar Potter (1911–2001) will remain heroic men who ushered in the existence of the discipline of bioethics. Bioethics has been recognized as the science of survival and a bridge to the future. Thus, bioethics aims to enrich people’s wisdom. Wisdom is the knowledge of how to use knowledge for human survival and improvement in the quality of life. Worldwide, all people must widely possess such knowledge. Unfortunately, after many years of existence, implementing the principles and goals of bioethics remains centralized and confined to academic fields. Due to its centralized status, few branches of bioethics have been recognized. Besides, both pre-standard and standard practices still exist in the field of bioethics. Healthcare bioethical principles have been mentioned in numerous publications. However, healthcare bioethics has not been recognized as a vital branch of bioethics. The lack of well-established healthcare bioethics hinders strategies for eradicating many of the ephemeral and heuristic approaches that are still obstructing the achievement of optimum health status for numerous people worldwide. Integrating bioethical principles in all healthcare sectors in decentralized manners would lead to the existence of healthcare bioethics. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe healthcare bioethics as a vital branch of bioethics with respect to its description, branches, core principles, functions, system components, and pre-standard and standard practices of healthcare bioethics.
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A Case of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: Exploring the Burden in a Single Family and the Significance of a Multidisciplinary Approach

Published on: 24th September, 2023

A 46-year-old lady was diagnosed clinically with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) with a rare pathogenic variant detected using exome sequencing. Phosphate-regulating endopeptidase homologous X linked (PHEX) is normally expressed in osteoblasts and osteocytes, and senses phosphate regulation. More than 1000 PHEX variants have been detected to date, which are caused by missense, nonsense, and frameshift mutations in addition to splice variants and copy number changes. The aberration in the PHEX gene leads to the upregulation of fibroblastic growth factor 23 (FGF23), which leads to defects in phosphate metabolism. This results in impaired bone growth and mineralization, short and disproportionate stature, leg bowing, musculoskeletal pain, spontaneous dental abscesses, rickets, and osteomalacia in XLH patients. The spectrum of manifestations differs between pediatric and adult patients. In our case study, two of the patient’s children started showing symptoms at a younger age, unlike their mother. Timely diagnosis and the start of treatment would help in their better management and improved quality of life.
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Determination of the Potential for use of Plant Essential Oils as a Fungicide Against Fusarium Oxysporum (OG10)

Published on: 22nd September, 2023

This study aimed to determine whether the essential oils of thyme, ginger, and mint from medicinal aromatic plants can provide resistance to the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum in the maize plant. To this end, the antifungal effect of 0.1 ml, 0.25 ml, 0.5 ml, and 1 ml essential oil amounts was determined by the agar disc diffusion method.  It was determined that concentrations containing 0.1, and 0.25 ml essential oil showed no antifungal effects, however, concentrations containing 0.5 and 1 ml essential oil had antifungal effects. The most effective concentration was found to be 1 ml of essential oil in all three species. The maize was grown under hydroponic conditions. Thyme, ginger, and mint essential oils (1 g/100 ml) were applied to the root medium of the grown maize plant on the 8th day. An F. oxysporum suspension containing 107 spores was applied after 24 hours and harvested 3 days later. When the reactive oxygen species (H2O2) and MDA amounts of the harvested plants were examined, it was observed that there was an increase in the population of F. oxysporum. However, applications of thyme, ginger, and mint essential oil have been observed to significantly reduce these. It was also determined that essential oils protected the plant against F. oxysporum by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. Although these three essential oils applied have antifungal properties, it has been observed that the best effect belongs to thyme essential oil. The results show that essential oils of thyme ginger and mint can be used as potential fungicides against the pathogen F. oxysporum in maize cultivation
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Black Holes and Time: Opinion

Published on: 15th September, 2023

This opinion essay is about how singularities may exist in a different dimension than we are, and on black holes and their time correlations. It also briefly mentions another way the universe may have been created.
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Relationship between the Level of Spirituality and Blood Pressure Control among Adult Hypertensive Patients in a Southwestern Community in Nigeria

Published on: 19th September, 2023

Background: Spirituality has been strongly associated with good blood pressure control as it forms a strong coping mechanism in hypertensive patients. This hospital-based cross-sectional study was done to determine the relationship between spirituality and blood pressure control among adult hypertensive patients in rural Southwestern Nigeria to achieve good blood pressure control.Method: The selection was done by systematic random sampling technique. Socio-demographic and clinical information were obtained through semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. The level of spirituality was assessed using the Spiritual Perspective Scale. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.Results: The mean age of the respondents was 61.1 ± 11.1 years. More than half (52.6%) had a high level of spirituality and more than two-thirds (67.1%) of respondents had controlled blood pressure. Respondents with a high level of spirituality were 4.76 times more likely to have good blood pressure control {p < 0.001, 95% CI (1.05-14.99)} than those with a low level of spirituality. Conclusion: Proper understanding and effective utilization of this relationship will assist health professionals and researchers in the appropriate integration of this concept into patients’ holistic care with the aim of achieving better blood pressure control among hypertensive patients.
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A Rare Case of an Acquired Isolated Factor VII Deficiency was Discovered in a 23-Year-Old Female Patient

Published on: 20th September, 2023

Introduction: Factor VII (FVII) deficiency, a rare bleeding disorder, can manifest as an autosomal recessive congenital or an acquired coagulopathy. Acquired FVII deficiency, although infrequently reported, presents unique challenges in understanding its mechanisms and identifying underlying causes. Case presentation: We present a case of acquired FVII deficiency discovered in a 23-year-old female patient with no apparent underlying disease. The patient exhibited spontaneous ecchymosis and gingival hemorrhage, along with low FVII activity and isolated prolongation of prothrombin time. Extensive laboratory investigations excluded liver dysfunction, familial deficiency, vitamin K deficiency, and inhibitory antibodies. Prompt treatment with Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) and bypassing agents resulted in a favorable response and resolution of hematomas. Conclusion: Acquired FVII deficiency was identified with bleeding symptoms in association with prolonged prothrombin time and a low level of FVII activity. In literature, this deficiency has been associated with various conditions such as sepsis, aplastic anemia, stem cell transplantation, and neoplasms, although approximately 14% of cases remain idiopathic. Clinical outcomes remain generally poor, with limited complete remissions reported.
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The Effectiveness of Chromotherapy on Youth

Published on: 25th September, 2023

The majority of people view color therapy as an alternative therapy. It is a rather young field of study. There are a tonne of various elements in life that might affect your mood and mental health. It is proposed that colors and colored lighting can improve one’s physical or mental health. If you want to create a calm and clear workplace, it’s critical to understand how color influences your mood. The interaction between the human body and colors has been thoroughly explored in a variety of research. Despite the fact that color therapy has been used for thousands of years, people’s interest in it has grown more recently. Different body parts are related to different colors. These are the various energy centers’ inherent healing abilities. In today’s age of globalization, color therapy is one of the most well-liked complementary treatments used to affect people’s conduct and brains. In forensic psychology, color is a crucial element that helps to build our surroundings. Without color, our world would be lifeless and sad. It is essential to our built environment, especially for teenagers, people who are partially blind, adolescents, and those who, for one reason or another, feel confined and dissatisfied with their way of life. Our brains are programmed to focus on things that stand out from our surroundings in terms of color. Which qualities and traits we associate with a person are influenced by the color of her clothing. Depending on the context, it may be culturally prejudiced due to political movements or historical occurrences. This review clarified the significance of this therapy and its advancement in the field of psychology, raised awareness among today’s youth, and added a fresh perspective to this investigation.
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A Case of Catastrophic Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Unresponsive to Eculizumab and the use of Ravulizumab Off-label

Published on: 5th October, 2023

“A 40-year-old woman with melanoma, under treatment with Dabrafenib and Trametinib, was evaluated in our hospital for rapidly progressive deterioration of renal function”. 8 months before the current admission, the patient had been diagnosed with melanoma, and underwent radical surgery and subsequent therapy with Dabrafenib and Trametinib.After 5 months of therapy, the patient was brought to this hospital for precordial pain, with a diagnosis of myopericarditis, therapy was started for heart failure with a good response. However, the patient developed a progressive impairment of renal function, associated with hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. The peripheral smear showed the presence of schistocytes.The suspicion of atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS) was confirmed by the assay of C5B-9 induced by serum on endothelial cells, which showed a deposition of 331%, treatment with Eculizumab was initiated.After 3 administrations the patient did not improve, with further worsening of the hemolytic condition, and progression of renal damage.Due to the failure of Eculizumab, we considered the use of Ravulizumab. However, in Italy only can be administered to patients in Eculizumab stable treatment for at least three months. Nevertheless, faced with the catastrophic condition, it was decided to shift the therapy and use off-label Ravulizumab. After 10 days of the first administration, the laboratory tests showed a continuous rise in the values of haptoglobin, platelets, and hemoglobin, and a decrease in LDH. The renal function failed to return to normal values but after 20 days of therapy with Ravulizumab, there was complete resolution of the hemolytic condition.
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Fundamental Forces are not Fundamental as our 3-d Universe is Driven by an External Energy Source

Published on: 29th September, 2023

Atom has been considered as a space of perfect vacuum and no energy loss takes place inside the atom. The purpose of the current research work is to prove that even fundamental particles receive energy from external sources for their motion. In order to prove this, the model of the solar system and its planets is selected. According to this proposed theory, even the gravitational attraction between planets and stars is due to external energy received through the hypothesized O- Dimension. O-dimension is a time-independent totally symmetric dimension filled with potential energy and it encircles every object from atom to galaxy as well as the whole Universe and imparts energy to the whole Universe. The gravitational force between two objects is a result of the energy shadow cast by them on each other. Mathematical model developed and applied to the Sun and planets in our solar system as well as Earth and moon and it fits with the values obtained by Newtonian theory, confirming the validity of the hypothesis.
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Pre-equilibrium Effects on Alpha Particle Induced Reactions on Niobium Isotope from Threshold upto 100MeV using the Computer Code COMPLET

Published on: 4th October, 2023

Excitation functions (EF) for four reactions of the type 93Nb (α, xn); x = 1-4 were studied. This study provides current evidences about the dominance of pre-equilibrium processes at high energies followed by compound nucleus equilibration at low energies. The main objective of the work is to look pre-equilibrium emission induced by alpha particle energies up to 100 MeV on Niobium through describing, analyzing and interpreting the theoretical results of cross sections obtained from computer code COMPLET by comparing with experimental data obtained from EXFOR library. COMPLET code has been used for the analysis using the initial exciton number n0 = 4(4p+oh) and level density parameter ACN/10. A general agreement was found for all reactions.
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Durability of Lumber Pretreatment Compared to Posttreatment Processes

Published on: 3rd October, 2023

Aim of study: In terms of treatment, it is essential to consider the correct use of preservatives and epoxy resin. Lumber pretreated with these substances can protect the wood from biodegradation or insect attack for exceeding three-year life expectation periods.Methods: To further increase durability and structural integrity, Posttreatment like painting or lamination on wood surfaces helps keep moisture out and carries a higher yield compared to traditional methods. In addition, chemical treatments to make timber resistant to fungal infestations as well has been gaining traction recently which makes it possible for lumber to be used in even more applications safely than ever before. Results: Thus, proper treatment plays a major role when considering the implications of using lumber as a resource both structurally and functionally over time. Conclusion: Lumber remains one of the most sought-after resources due to its versatility; likewise finding ways how impart maximum longevity necessitates research into new treatments available so that we can optimally exploit such abundant supplies without compromising the durable nature of good quality timber source.
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Therapy of Walker Carcinosarcoma with Pectin and Cyclophosphane

Published on: 4th October, 2023

Scientific interest in low-molecular-weight pectins is not accidental. Despite the experimental material widely presented in the literature on the pharmacological effects of pectins, the clinical application of the developments has not yet been fully implemented. On the one hand, antitumor potential is registered in polymers with a mass of hundreds of kilodaltons, on the other hand, practically nothing is known about such in pectin derivatives weighing less than 20 kDa. In addition, the issues of assessing the nature of the pharmacological interaction of nanoscale pectin and conventional cytostatics are not covered. The aim of this work is an experimental study of the antitumor potential of low-molecular, low-esterified pectin in combination with a cytostatic agent on a model of Walker’s carcinosarcoma. Pectin therapy of Walker’s transplanted tumor in several series of experiments consistently caused inhibition of its growth from 60% to 80%. The combined use of pectin and cyclophosphane caused inhibition of tumor growth up to 72.4%. The increase in life expectancy in the “pectin + cyclophosphane” group versus the “cyclophosphane” group was 200%. It can be concluded that nanoscale pectin is a promising drug for in-depth study since it meets the criteria of primary screening (increase in animal life expectancy, inhibition of tumor growth, survival without tumor growth).
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Case Report: Carotidynia Correlated to Cancer Treatment?

Published on: 10th October, 2023

Carotidynia refers to an idiopathic, self-limiting, benign condition of head and neck pain emanating from a tender carotid artery. We report a case where a patient presenting with carotidynia combined with fever elevated white blood count and C-reactive protein (CRP), nine days after treatment with chemotherapy (paclitaxel-carboplatin) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The condition resolved after treatment with glucocorticoids in combination with antibiotics. The radiological findings were congruent with caritodynia and the conclusion from the case was that the anti-cancer treatment was causative, supported by the literature reviewed, although paclitaxel has previously not been implicated.
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Circulating Levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Selective for C-Terminal (FGF23-CT) in Hemodialysis Patients

Published on: 13th October, 2023

Background: In hemodialysis patients, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has reportedly been associated with the development of cardiovascular complications and a high risk of mortality. Our objective here was to study the cleavage characteristics of FGF23 in hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study design is a cross-sectional observational investigation of three facilities without intervention. To assess FGF23 concentrations, we obtained plasma samples from 97 hemodialysis patients before the hemodialysis session and from 16 healthy volunteers. We measured the FGF23 C-terminal fragment and intact FGF23 concentrations by using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Serum levels of the FGF23 C-terminal fragment were 189 ± 121 ng/mL in healthy volunteers and 306 ± 206 ng/mL in hemodialysis patients. The ratios of intact FGF23 to total FGF23 were 0.03 ± 0.03 in healthy volunteers and 0.44 ± 0.28 in hemodialysis patients. The ratios were positively correlated with levels of inorganic phosphate in hemodialysis patients (p < 0.001, r = 0.52). Conclusion: We measured actual levels of the serum FGF23 C-terminal fragment in hemodialysis patients by using a new commercial kit for the first time. The ratio of intact FGF23 to total FGF23 was lower in healthy controls than the ratio in hemodialysis patients. The cleavage percentage of FGF23 was considerably higher in both groups of subjects than previously thought. We suggest that hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients was associated with impaired cleavage of FGF23.
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