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Introduction: The spread of SARS-CoV-2 cases grew exponentially. In Mexico, it focused mainly on containing the disease and adopting activities and actions to mitigate it. Hospital reconversion was a fundamental strategy in the management of care for patients with COVID-19.Objective: To know the clinical characteristics of patients admitted with respiratory disease and probable COVID-19 in the Zacatecas General Hospital “Luz González Cosío” México.Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and analytical study, at the General Hospital, from March 2019 to September 2021; using data from the Respiratory Disease Surveillance System. Data from patients admitted with a diagnosis of some pathology of respiratory disease and probable COVID-19 were analyzed.Results: We included 2,678 diagnosed with respiratory disease and a mean age; of 47.6 ± 21.6 gender distribution was almost equal; women 1,344 (51.0%). positive result to COVID-19 by PCR; 1,654 negatives; 900 and 124 without result. 193 (7.0%) required mechanical ventilation. The presence of comorbidities was evaluated; type 2 diabetes mellitus, systemic arterial hypertension, obesity, alone and together. Also the association of the age factor, as well as the lethality index; was 531 (19.6%).Discussion: What has been published in other studies about comorbidities and their influence on the severity of COVID-19 is confirmed, disagreeing on the case fatality rate; 20.7% against what was reported; 17.6% in other countries for COVID-19 hospitalized. An age variable was used as a risk factor with a cut-off point > 45 years; (FRE), obtaining; RR 3.42 (95% CI 2.79 to 4.19) and an odds ratio of 4.015 in binary logistic regression analysis. Reported male mortality (OR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.41–1.51) according to our OR results; 1,45.Conclusion: The present study shows how certain chronic diseases influenced respiratory disease to present a serious state, regardless of the positive or negative result of COVID-19.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare condition that may congest bowel venous drainage and cause mesenteric ischemia. In acute settings, gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is rare, and acute abdominal pain is the most common clinical presentation. A 24-year-old man who presented with acute abdominal pain and a single episode of hematemesis is reported. Workups revealed evidence of thrombosis in the portal vein, but upper endoscopy was incapable to detect the source of the bleeding. We discuss the possible scenarios for the GIB in this case and review similar reports in the literature.

Introduction: Infection and the accompanying inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract, influenza and COVID-19, are among the deadliest diseases in human life in the world. Due to the high emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, we strive to find alternatives to contribute to the treatment by using a new formulation of a mixture of six essential oils in the form of a drop called Respira drops for a therapeutic approach to the upper or lower parts of the respiratory system infection, either by inhalation or sniffing, or by touching it with the body in the form of a skin patch on the head, neck, or chest. The present study suggested that natural essential oils may act as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent in respiratory tract hypoxia, inflammation, and bacterial and viral infection (influenza and COVID-19).Case presentation: A 62-year-old Yemeni man was suffering from acute pneumonia and had used antibiotics his condition improved, but he was suffering from difficulty breathing and stayed on the use of oxygen at home for more than three months, and his SpO2 ranged between 75 to 85 and he also suffered from an abdominal hernia, and he went for a procedure Surgery, and when the SpO2 was measured at 86, the surgery was not completed as a result, so he used Respira drops by inhalation and by steam for twenty-four hours and the next day he went to the hospital and the SpO2 was measured 96 and the operation was performed and he continued using Respira for two weeks three times per day and his condition improved completely.Conclusion: The present case study shows the excellent therapeutic response for Respira drops as inhalation and smiling three times per day increased SpO2 levels which reflect the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-viral effects (influenza and COVID-19).

Background: Since 2019, remote patient monitoring (RPM) for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) has been supported by the European Society of Cardiology. However, real-world data on the use of such solutions has been limited and not primarily based on patient-reported outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe the Satelia® Cardio solution in France within the French ETAPES funding program and assess the security and performance of its clinical algorithm.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on CHF patients monitored by RPM through Satelia® Cardio. From September 1, 2018, to June 30, 2020, patients were included if they had completed over six months of follow-up. The risk of a possible CHF decompensation was categorized by the system in three levels: green, orange and red. The algorithm security and performance were assessed through the negative predictive value (NPV) of the prediction of hospitalization of a patient within seven days.Results: In total, 331 patients were included in this study with 36,682 patient self-administered questionnaires answered. Patients were mostly males (70.4%) and had a mean age of 68.1 years. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 35.4% (± 12.3) and 73.3% of patients had a LVEF ≤ 40%. The questionnaire response rate was 90.9%. A green status was generated for 95.3% of answers. There were 4.5% (n = 1,499) orange alerts and 0.2% (n = 74) red alerts. Overall, 92.1% of patients had at least one CHF related hospitalization and 31.7% (n = 105) of these cases were non-scheduled. The NPV at seven days was 99.43%.Conclusion: Satelia® Cardio is a feasible, relevant and reliable solution to safely monitor the cohorts of patients with CHF, reassuring cardiologists about patient stability.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral pneumonia that is found in China and has spread globally. Early diagnosis is important for effective and timely treatment. Thus, many ongoing studies attempt to solve key COVID-19 problems such as workload classification, detection, and differentiation from other pneumonia and healthy lungs using different imaging modalities. Researchers have identified some limitations in the deployment of deep learning methods to detect COVID-19, but there are still unmet challenges to be addressed. The use of binary classifiers or building classifiers based on only a few classes is some of the limitations that most of the existing research on the COVID-19 classification problem suffers from. Additionally, most prior studies have focused on model or ensemble models that depend on a flat single-feature imaging modality without using any clinical information or benefiting from the hierarchical structure of pneumonia, which leads to clinical challenges, and evaluated their systems using a small public dataset. Additionally, reliance on diagnostic processes based on CT as the main imaging modality, ignoring chest X-rays. Radiologists, computer scientists, and physicians all need to come to an understanding of these interdisciplinary issues. This article first highlights the challenges of deep learning deployment for COVID-19 detection using a literature review and document analysis. Second, it provides six key recommendations that could assist future researchers in this field in improving the diagnostic process for COVID-19. However, there is a need for a collective effort from all of them to consider the provided recommendations to effectively solve these issues.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) appeared in December 2019 in China and has rapidly become a major global health concern. Patients with end-stage renal disease receiving dialysis treatment are very exposed to the SARS-CoV-2 during their frequent visits to healthcare facilities and immune induced by uremia. The aim of our work was to describe the particularity of COVID-19 infection in hemodialysis patients in sub-Saharan Africa and in Ziguinchor, south of Senegal, particularly. To do this, we conducted a monocentric prospective study over a period of 16 months at the Ziguinchor hemodialysis center and compared our results to a study that focuses on the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in chronic hemodialysis patients. We found a low prevalence of COVID-19 infection while the majority of our patients were in contact with the virus.

Background: The socioeconomic impact of drug and substance abuse on secondary school students in Nigeria is yet to be fully evaluated even in the face of the current surge in abuse of substances among the younger folks who constitute more than half of the entire population.Objective: This study narratively reviewed the studies on the socioeconomic impacts of drug and substance abuse on secondary school students and studies by researchers in Nigeria. Methods: The study was a narrative review of the literature covering the socioeconomic impacts of drug and substance abuse on secondary school students in Nigeria from 1980 to 2023. Data were extracted and summarized with descriptive statistics. Results: All the studies took place between 2012 and 2023; 6 (100%). The studies carried out were all observational studies 6 (100%). All the studies fell below average in the benchmark for the hierarchy of evidence-based studies. The studies mostly took place in the South-West 3 (50.00%), while 1 (16.67%) took place in the South-East, North-West, and North-Central respective regions of Nigeria.Conclusion: The available studies done on the impacts of drug and substance abuse focused more on the social impacts, with little or no attention to the economic effect. The available studies however remain at the observational level in the evidence-based ladder. Future Research on the reviewed theme should focus on the economic implications of the social effects of drug and substance abuse on secondary school students in Nigeria.

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is rarely diagnosed as spinal cord compression syndrome. Caused by an epidural mass, this complication is often encountered in the late stage of the disease. We report two cases presenting symptoms of low thoracic spinal cord compression due to an epidural tumor on the MRI. Possible complications that may occur and how to prevent adverse events during surgery are essential. This case is of special interest for being a low-incidence pathology in a rare location. The case is of high interest because of the importance of resecting the lesion to prevent sequels and the complexity of its management and highlights the importance of considering the diagnosis of this event.

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding has great benefits for both the mother and the child. Few studies have been carried out on interventions to improve Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) practice by childbearing mothers. No study has formulated and/or implemented a hospital-based maternal counseling guide intervention to improve EBF practice. This baseline study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of EBF on mothers who were enrolled in antenatal clinics for a cluster randomized trial and the disparity in the knowledge of EBF based on lactation, age, sex, and source of income.Methods: We formulated a hospital-based counseling guide on exclusive breastfeeding, which is under implementation by prenatal and nursing mothers, to promote EBF practice in the study area. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two hospitals randomly selected from twelve hospitals in Anambra State. The study was among pregnant women who were in their second trimester. The data collection took place from March to April 2022. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square. The test of significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: The control and the intervention arms had an equal number of enrolees (144) each and more than half of the participants were between the ages of 23 – 32 years. The majority of the participants showed adequate knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding as over 90% knew that EBF is important and capable of improving their baby's immunity. The participants demonstrated a positive attitude to exclusive breastfeeding and they had a significantly high level of practice of daily consumption of galactagogues. The study suggested that the majority did not practice breast milk extraction mainly because the process of extraction is painful and some do not know how to carry out the extraction.Conclusion: The mothers have the requisite knowledge of the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding to their infants and themselves. However, they do not practice EBF. Interventions to improve EBF practice should focus on educating mothers on proper breast milk extraction and storage techniques.

A collegiate football player presented to the athletic training room with the complaint of intermittent left upper extremity swelling. Deep vein thromboses as well as abnormalities of the cervical spine were ruled out initially. He was referred to a vascular surgeon and diagnosed with McCleery Syndrome after evaluation of the thoracic outlet with dynamic ultrasound testing. He was treated surgically for decompression of his venous thoracic outlet syndrome and has since made a full recovery.

Cities with developing economies experience exhausted waste collection services, and inadequately managed and uncontrolled dumpsites; which is an ongoing challenge and many struggles due to weak institutions and rapid urbanization. The purpose of the research is to design and construct a smart garbage disposal system using a two-way power supply unit (that is, the electrical power supply unit and solar power supply unit) based on Arduino Nano that utilizes ATMEGA 328p microcontroller. Two pairs of ultrasonic sensors, the pair that faced upward detects the presence of garbage disposal agent at a close distance of (5 - 50) cm and then opens the lid while the other pair faced the inside of the container senses when the container is filled up and then closes the container until it is emptied are used.

Background: In light of the COVID-19 pandemic and the health crisis left in its wake, our goal is to develop extensive machine-learning techniques to provide a clear picture of the treatment, and possible mistreatment, of specific patient demographics during hospital triaging.Objective: We aim to reveal whether a patient’s treatment and hospital disposition is related to the following attributes - Emergency Severity Index (ESI), gender, employment status, insurance status, race, or ethnicity which our 100 MB dataset included.Materials and methods: Our work is separated into two parts - the classification task and data analysis. As part of the classification task, we used the k-Nearest-Neighbor classifier, the F1-score, and a random forest. We then analyze the data using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values to determine the importance of each attribute.Results: Our findings show that significance varies for each attribute. Notably, we found that patients with private insurance programs receive better treatment compared to patients with federal-run healthcare programs (e.g. Medicaid, Medicare). Furthermore, a patient’s ethnicity has a greater impact on treatment for patients under 40 years of age for any given ESI level. Surprisingly, our findings show language is not a barrier during treatment.Discussion and conclusion: We, therefore, conclude that although hospitals may not be doing so intentionally, there is a systemic bias in hospital triaging for specific patient demographics. For future works, we hope to aggregate additional patient data from hospitals to find whether specific demographics of patients receive better healthcare in different parts of the United States.

Elbow hemiarthroplasty (EHA) is a highly effective procedure for treating various elbow joint disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and fractures involving the articular surface of the distal humerus. It involves replacing the entire distal humerus with a prosthesis and reattaching the supporting soft tissues. The EHA provides significant pain relief, improves joint function, and increases patient satisfaction, with minimal complications that can be easily managed. This case study demonstrates the value of EHA as a viable treatment option for distal humerus fractures in older adults with moderate activity levels, as a superior alternative to osteosynthesis.

Background: 800 women die and 2.6 million stillbirths occur worldwide related to pregnancy complications. Racial/ethnic disparities in pregnancy-related mortality have continued to be significantly higher among black than whites due to various factors. We sought to investigate complications among pregnant women of different race/ethnicity.Methods: Cross-sectional observational study of 2030 obstetric cases randomly selected for the period January 1 to December 31, 2021. Data was collected from the hard copy and electronic inpatients’ records. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics analyzed the pregnancy complication frequencies, standard deviations, range, minimum and maximum values. Maternal characteristics were analyzed using an independent samples t-test. Maternal characteristics were evaluated using the two samples t-test. The odds ratios and confidence intervals were calculated as measures of association between ethnicity/race and pregnancy complications using a binary logistic regression model. Confidence interval was set at 95% and p < 0.05 (2-tailed) was considered statistically significant.Results: 76.25% of Chinese and 67.86% of Zambians were affected by one or more complications. The mean ± standard deviation for MGH [age (26.69 ± 7.33), gravidity (3.35 ± 2.08), and parity (2.07 ± 1.68)] and for 2nd affiliated hospital was [age (30.04 ± 4.29), gravidity (2.19 ± 1.38) and parity (0.45 ± 0.55)]. Prevalence of top five pregnancy complications in the Chinese group was gestational diabetes mellitus at 18.41%, hypothyroidism at 15.91%, oligohydramnios at 14.39%, premature rupture of membranes at 12.17%, and anemia at 5.73%. The prevalence of the top five pregnancy complications in the Zambian group was preeclampsia at 13.80%, PIH at 12.74%, PROM at 12.45%, eclampsia at 7.53%, and placenta abruption at 7.43%. Statistical significance findings were noted as follows: Oligohydramnios [OR 0.02, CI (0.01 - 0.05), p = 0.000], placenta praevia [OR 0.08, CI (0.01 - 0.61), p = 0.015], preeclampsia [OR 13.10, CI (7.22 - 23.78), p = 0.000], placenta abruptio [OR 79.73, CI (11.07 - 574.38), p = 0.000], PIH [OR 11.95, CI (6.57 - 21.73), p = 0.005], eclampsia [OR 162.90, CI (10.08 - 2631, p = 0.000), PPROM [OR 0.03, CI (0.00 - 0.45), p = 0.012], GDM [OR 0.11, CI (0.07 - 0.17), p = 0.000], hypothyroidism [OR 0.01(0.00-0.03), p = 0.000], anemia [OR 0.18, CI (0.92-0.34), p = 0.000], ICP [OR 0.03, CI (0.00 - 0.48), p = 0.013], syphilis [OR 7.17, CI (2.14 - 24.02), p = 0.001], UTI [OR 22.55, CI (3.04 - 17.26), p = 0.002], HBV [OR 0.05, CI (0.00 - 0.86), p = 0.039] and GBS [OR 0.06, CI (0.00 - 1.11), p = 0.059].Conclusion: Highest odds for obstetrical and infection-related pregnancy complications were associated with Zambian cases. The highest odds for medical complications were associated with Chinese cases.

Proper feeding practices at an early age are the key to improving a child’s overall health and achieving developmental milestones. In Bangladesh, a large portion of rural girls become mothers before the age of 18. Past records show that most interventions are designed to improve infant and young child feeding practices targeting older mothers. That is why, this study has been designed with an aim to explore the perceptions and practices of infant and young children feeding among rural Bangladeshi mothers aged <19 years old. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and group discussions with a total of 40 adolescent mothers who have children aged 0-3 years. Data has revealed that the majority of the mothers hold very limited knowledge of nutrition and child nutrition but those who are educationally a bit ahead hold a little better knowledge. Participants are aware of breastfeeding but they all misinterpret the term ‘exclusive breastfeeding’ with other liquid food. It has also emerged that most of the mothers know the ideal timing of starting complementary feeding but very few of them actually understand what to feed children. In spite of having misconceptions and superstation rural adolescent mothers practice responsive feeding instead of force-feeding. No gender discrimination has been found regarding child feeding. The findings of the study pinpointed that mothers are unable to practice proper infant and child feeding due to a lack of knowledge and limited affordability. Educating girls & young mothers and improving financial security could be an effective way to promote improved infant feeding practices.

Targeted screening for Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) children is now internationally recommended. With newborn genomic screening for DHH children a future possibility, the commercially-available human genomic DNA collection kit (ORACollect, Oragene OCR-100) could enable one single sample to screen for CMV and genetic causes of deafness at scale with minimal additional costs. Our pilot study validated ORACollect against Copan FLOQswabs® (gold standard clinical procedure) for detecting CMV using 15 sets of saliva samples from 14 infants/children, comparing CMV PCR results using different testing protocols. ORACollect stored at room temperature had high sensitivity (up to 89%), specificity (up to 80%) and percent agreement (up to 86%) in detecting CMV DNA compared to FLOQswabs®. This suggests that ORACollect is an appropriate alternative to FLOQswabs® for collecting viral CMV DNA for PCR testing, independent of the DNA extraction approach. This could be revolutionary in facilitating dual genomic and viral screening in newborns and would enable CMV screening in non-tertiary hospital settings where laboratory facilities are not available.

Genistein is an isoflavone glycoside that provides a variety of health advantages. The possibility of cancer chemopreventive drugs derived from natural sources, such as polyphenols, may constitute a novel, cost-effective strategy to reduce the rising burden of cancer throughout the world. A soy-rich diet was linked to cancer prevention in several epidemiological studies, which was explained by the presence of the phenolic component genistein in soy-based foods. Inhibiting metastasis and changing apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis are the key ways that genistin fights various cancers. It acts as a chemotherapeutic agent against different types of cancer, mainly by altering apoptosis, the cell cycle, and angiogenesis and inhibiting metastasis. This study critically evaluates the literature that is currently available on the therapeutic benefits of genistin for various cancers.

Introduction: Total bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) continues to be the treatment of choice for alveolar proteinosis (AP), facilitating the removal of lipoprotein material. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the impact of haemodynamic, biochemical, and respiratory parameters, as well as the complications and evolution of patients undergoing this procedure. Methods: Retrospective, observational, and descriptive study of BAL. The technique was performed in the Intensive Care Unit. Blood gases, blood pressure, central venous pressure, body temperature, and fluid balance were analyzed. Results: Including eight patients, thirty-eight BAL were performed from 2008 to 2021. The mean instillation of saline at each session was 13.464 ± 4.002 ml per lung. No significant changes were observed before and after BAL in heart rate and blood pressure. Mean central venous pressure increased by 2.59 cm H20. The pO2 initial was 126 mmHg with a final mean of 69.7 mmHg, with statistical significance. The pCO2, HCO3 and pH parameters remained stable. Complications were observed during fifteen of the thirty-eight BAL (nine with arterial hypotension, three with glottic oedema, one acute pulmonary oedema, one pneumothorax, and one cardiorespiratory arrest). In terms of evolution, one case had a clinical-radiological resolution, one case of exits, one required lung transplantation, and the remaining five remained stable. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the procedure, is well tolerated haemodynamically and that the biochemical alterations to which the patient is subjected are not compromised. With few complications and good results in delaying the progression of AP.

Background: Cardiomyopathy is primarily a disorder of the cardiac muscle that causes myocardial dysfunction and is not the result of disease or dysfunction of other cardiac structures, systemic arterial hypertension and valvular stenosis or regurgitation. Aim: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its correlation with the severity of heart disease in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP). Method: 70 ECHO-proven DCMP cases were enrolled from the medicine/ cardiology department of LHMC & associated hospitals and ABVIMS & Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi from November 2019 to October 2021. DCMP patients with ages more than 18 years who were willing to give consent and does not meet any of the exclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Results: Mean age of idiopathic DCMP patients was 48.3 ± 15.2. There were more males 48 (69%) than females 22 (31%). The mean ejection fraction was 26.6 ± 7.3, while the mean fractional shortening was 17.6 ± 3.1. Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 90% of patients, among which 68.5% were having moderate vitamin D deficiency and 10% were having severe vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: In our study, vitamin D levels were inversely correlated with the severity of heart disease in DCMP patients.

Objective: To evaluate the surgical management of myomas at the Teaching Hospital of Angré according to the FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) classification.Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional study at the Teaching Hospital of Angre from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2022. Patients whose operative indication was clearly identified were included in the study. Incomplete files were not included. The variables studied were anthropometric parameters, clinical characteristics of myomas, and surgery. Due to the large size and multifocal location of uterine myomas, the therapeutic option remained surgery by laparotomy.Results: Most patients were over 35 years old (71.5%) and nulliparous (52.8%). The first indication for surgery was menometrorrhagia (88.6%), followed by the desire for motherhood (37.8%) and dysmenorrhoea (20.2%) for myomas most often FIGO type 4 (p = 0.0031). Myomectomy under cervical-isthmic tourniquet was the most common procedure for FIGO type 4 myomas (66.1%; p = 0.0543). Hysterectomy was most frequently performed for FIGO type 7 myomas (43.9%; p = 0.0543). For myomectomy, the first complication was anaemia (3.5%) followed by uterine suture haemorrhage (1.7%) (p = 0.5139).Conclusion: Our surgical practice at the Teaching Hospital of Angre is in accordance with FIGO recommendations. However, an effort should be made to promote the minimally invasive surgical approach (laparoscopic, hysteroscopic, transvaginal ablation) for small fibroids (≤ 5 cm) or FIGO type 0 to 3, which is not very frequent in our current practice.