Introduction: The tracheobronchial injuries are usually fatal and some of the lucky people can reach emergency services without dying in the place of trauma. They can cause severe symptoms which can be lifetreathing. This type of injuries must been taken carefully and need to decide fast what treatment you going to give.
Case report: We present a 53 years old patient who has been stabbed during a fight and got his trachea ruptured. His complaints shortness of breath and neck swelling. He can be treated conservatively with bronchoscopic and clinical evaluation.
Discussion: Tracheobronchial injuries are life-threatening and the airway must be secured first. They can be treated conservatively in some cases. CT can be useful but fiberoptic bronchoscopy is the key in diagnosis.
Conclusion: Although early treatment of tracheal lacerations is urgent surgery, it is reported that these injuries can be treated with conservative methods under appropriate conditions.
A 51-year-old women presented with asymptomatic multiple polypoidal nodules over scalp with simultaneous papularnodular skin eruptions involving nose, nasolabial folds and forehead for 40 years duration. Her daughter also noted to be having multiple papularnodular skin eruptions involving nose, nasolabial folds and forehead which raised curiosity of possible familial condition. The punch biopsy of polypoidal nodule indicating histological evidence of spiradenoma was favour in diagnosis of Brook Spienger Syndrome. We report this case as this is a rare clinical entity.
Cameselle-Teijeiro JF*, Calheiros-Cruz T, Caamaño-Vara MP, Villar-Fernández B, Ruibal-Azevedo J, Cameselle-Cortizo L, Cameselle-Arias M, Charro Gamallo ME, Turienzo-Pacho F and Yera Acosta A
Published on: 31st December, 2018
McArdle’s Disease, or Glycogen Storage Disease Type V, is the result of a deficiency in one of the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of glycogen in the body. Individuals with this disease, lack or produce very small concentrations of the myophosphorylase or glycogen phosphorylase enzyme.
McArdle’s disease is a metabolic and recessive genetic disease caused by a mutation on the PYGM gene located on chromosome 11q13. This gene is responsible for the synthesis of the myophosphorylase (or glycogen phosphorylase) enzyme. It is the most common form of muscular glycogenesis. We present here the clinical case of a 35 years old woman diagnosed with McArdle’s disease at the age of 21 after a visit to a Neurologist. It was confirmed that the patient had shown symptoms of this disease at least 10 years before definitive diagnosis: intolerance to exercise, asthenia and muscular weakness. In this report we describe the different signs and symptoms of the disease, as well as the tests performed to confirm the diagnosis by muscle biopsy and genetic analysis. McArdle’s disease is classified as a rare disease and often its diagnosis is delayed due to a lack of knowledge about its symptoms and signs. Our intention is to make, with the description of our clinical case, the information about this disease more available to physicians to prevent future misinterpretations and delayed diagnosis. A medical documentary we have created on “McArdle’s Disease” can be seen in YouTube using the following links: https://youtu.be/HAhoZ7jxz7Q (English version) and https://youtu.be/uZopzSHOl20 (Spanish version).
Demyelinating peripheral neuropathy has been described in association with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. It is rarely developed after treatment discontinuation. We present the case of a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis who developed peripheral neuropathy few months after TNF inhibitor withdrawal with clinical worsening of the neurological sequelae while undergoing treatment with abatacept.
Acute dizziness/vertigo is among the most common causes for visiting the emergency department or primary care physician. Although the majority of these presentations represent an acute peripheral vestibulopathy (APV), lateral medullary, lateral pontine, and inferior cerebellar infarctions can mimic APV very closely. We present an atypical presentation of an aggressive APV and outline how a well-constructed bedside neurotologic evaluation can distinguish central from peripheral vertigo in the acute setting.
Local isolated recurrence of kidney cancer in the renal lodge after radical nephrectomy is rare and has a poor prognosis. Surgical excision, sometimes even extended to neighboring organs, is currently the only effective treatment for local recurrence of kidney cancer. The interest of new medical therapies remains to be defined. We report a case of local recurrence in a patient with radical nephrectomy.
A knee arthroscopy in spinal anaesthesia was performed on a 67 years old male patient. During the procedure the patient was hemodynamically stable, until he suddenly turned pale and started complaining of severe pain in lower abdomen with signs of guarding. The procedure was finished as urgently as possible and after releasing the tourniquet we noticed significant difference in volume of the leg, with redness distal to tourniquet. Urgent lab results were essentially unremarkable and the patient was sent for the urgent radiological diagnostics.
CD of the left leg described fluid in the soft tissues of the thigh, scrotum, and abdomen; and the unenhanced CT of the abdomen showed free fluid along the entire femoral shaft of the left thigh, extending towards pelvis and abdomen to perihepatic and perisplenic space, and retroperitoneum, with gas bubbles tracking along anterior aspect of the left thigh into the left retroperitoneum.
He was admitted to the ICU, and within few hours all symptoms have resolved and his further recovery was without complications.
Introduction: Peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) have been increasingly used as an alternative to conventional central venous catheters for long-term administration of chemotherapy, antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, and hydration in patients with difficult venous access. Traumatic complications to arteries and nerves adjacent to veins selected for PICC placement have been rarely described.
Case presentation: We report the case of a PICC placement in the brachial vein of the right upper limb of a 78-year-old woman that resulted in brachial artery pseudoaneurysm and median nerve lesion.
Discussion: The pseudoaneurysm was successfully repaired with thrombin injection, but neurological deficits to the hand resulting from nerve injury persisted even four months after the procedure.
Laparoscopic approach in emergency theatre is an irreplaceable tool to manage patients with acute surgical pathology. We retrospectively reviewed surgical access records from the Emergency Department for acute right iliac fossa pathology. We considered 51 patients (16 male, 35 female, mean age 23.8 years) access for acute right iliac fossa pathology over the last year. 44 patients underwent laparoscopic approach (86%); 8 patients were treated with an open approach. Outcomes evaluation was based on data comparison from open appendicectomy over 4 year time period.
Variables considered for data analyses were: role of laparoscopic surgery for gangrenous/perforated appendicitis, Conversion rate, Laparoscopy appendicectomy for elderly patients.
Our study demonstrated that a laparoscopic approach at acute right iliac fossa pathology is feasible, safe and can offer a low incidence of infectious complications, less post-operative pain, rapid recovery, and represent a valid diagnostic tool in doubtful cases, at the expense of longer operating time than OA. We suggest that LA should be the initial choice for all patients with acute right iliac fossa pathology.
Anasarca is generalized swelling of the body following accumulation of fluid in the extracellular compartments. It may result from multiple aetiology mainly of renal, hepatic or cardiovascular origin.
The aim of this case report is to highlight the challenges encountered in making diagnosis in a patient with anarsaca.
We report a case of a 34 year old transporter who presented with anasarca. He had clinical features and risk factors suggestive of renal, hepatic and cardiovascular disease. However investigations ruled out renal, hepatic or cardiovascular diseases as the aetiology of the anarsaca. The anarsarca was also noted to be unresponsive to diuretics. The diagnosis of the disease causing the anarsaca was therefore a dilemma.
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction is a well-recognized feature in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy but can occur in other clinical scenarios when anatomically susceptible heart is subjected to permissive physiological conditions that provoke systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM): ie, reduced preload, increased inotropic state, and decreased afterload.
This report describes a case of hemodynamically significant latent LVOTO that was associated with hypotension, syncope, acute myocardial ischemic ECG changes, and an increase in cardiac enzymes. (Type II myocardial infarction) in a non HCM patient with excessive anterior mitral valve tissue.
Introduction: Solitary fibrous tumor is a neoplasm of mesenchymal origin with benign and malignant forms. We aimed to present a case of solitary fibrous tumor which developed in a patient operated for laryngeal cancer and originated from diaphragm in the light of the literature.
Case report: A 61-year-old male patient with tracheostomy with an undiagnosed lesion that appears to be almost 10 cm was referred to our clinic. Since it was a large volume mass, we chose to perform a thoracotomy over thorachoscopic approach.
Discussion: Although solitary fibrous tumors most commonly occur in the pleura but may also originated from diaphragm, and our case is valuable that originates from diaphragmatic since there are less than 5 reported cases in literature for past two decades.
Conclusion: Even in the case of recurrence, the main treatment remains as total surgical excision. Solitary fibrous tumors are usually detected because of compression symptoms. That is the main reason why we chose thoracotomy.
A male, 4 days old and 20 kg Simmental calf was evaluated for regurgitation and hyper salivation since birth. The mother became pregnant by artificial insemination and the pregnancy was the second of the mother. A membrane closed the pharynx and a diverticulum on dorsal of this membrane was seen during oropharyngeal examination through inspection. Membrane was also viewed by endoscopy under general anaesthesia. Larynx and oesophagus were imaged by bronchoscopy through the back side of the membrane. After these applications, it was decided that soft palate adhered firmly to the root of tongue causing congenital atresia. Surgical treatment of oropharyngeal membrane was carried out under general anaesthesia. Firstly, tracheotomy was performed for to ease breathing and membrane removed by electrocautery application. Intensive fluid accumulation and oedema formation at the incision area were detected by endoscopic examination following operation and the calf had severe dyspnoea two days after operation and died due to respiratory insufficiency. At necropsy, severe inflammatory reaction, laryngeal oedema and intensive salivation at the surgical side was determined. Direct imaging techniques should be used to determine in the closed oropharyngeal lumen. Moreover, nasopharyngoscopy should be considered to image larynx and oesophageal way. Present case is the first report with concern to pharyngeal membrane formation together with direct imaging and surgical procedures. Therefore, it was considered that this case report could be useful for colleagues and literatures.
Trichosporonosis is a disease caused by Trichosporon spp. which are ubiquitous anamorphic yeast that commonly inhabit the soil. In human they are found in the skin, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract. Globally, Trichosporon spp. infection is rare and remains scantily reported in urinary tract infections and disseminated invasive infection amongst immunocompromised and cancer patients with neutropenia. Trichosporon asahii is the most commonly reported species. Virulence factors like proteinases, lipases, and phospholipases may be responsible for disease manifestation. We report a case of recurrent urinary tract infection due to Trichosporon spp. in a 62-year-old immunocompetent diabetic female which remained misdiagnosed for a long period of time. The patient was subsequently treated successfully by oral fluconazole drug.
Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a rare benign inflammatory disease of gallbladder that may be misdiagnosed as carcinoma of the gallbladder intraoperative or in pre-operative imaging. Intramural accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages and acute and chronic inflammatory cells is the hallmark of the disease. The xanthogranulomatous inflammation can be very severe and can spill over to the neighboring structures like liver, bowel and stomach resulting in dense adhesions, abscess formation, perforation, and fistulous communication with adjacent bowel [1-3]. Cholecysto-colic fistula is a rare and late complication of gallstones roughly found 1 in every 1,000 cholecystectomies.
Clinical featuresThe clinical features are variable and non-specific. Patients with cholecysto-colonic fistula often present with symptoms of acute cholecystitis and preoperative diagnostic tools often fail to show the fistula. Hence most cases it is an on table diagnosis.
ManagementTreatment involves closing the fistula and performing an open or laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
The proliferation and popularity of open source hardware and software, such as Arduino and Raspberry PI, together with IoT and Embedded System, has brought the health industry to rapid evolution, creating portable and low-cost medical devices for monitoring vital signals. Electrocardiographic (ECG) equipment plays a vital role for diagnosis of cardiac disease. However, the cost of this equipment is huge and the operation is too much complex which cannot offer better services to a large population in developing countries. In this paper, I have designed and implemented a low cost fully portable ECG monitoring system using android smartphone and Arduino. The results obtained by the device were tested comparing them with those obtained from a traditional ECG used in clinical practice on 70 people, in resting and under-activity conditions. The values of beats per minute (BPM), ECG waveform and ECG parameters were identical, and presented a sensitivity of 97.8% and a specificity of 78.52%.
Agranulocytosis is one of the common reasons of consultation in hematology. It’s life-threatening because of an infection risk. The metamizole is a drug, known for its potential rare danger of inducing a severe agranulocytosis. However, it remains widely used because of its beneficial effect analgesic and antipyretic. We report in this study, a case of a girl who was 16 years old, referred for severe agranulocytosis, and appeared two weeks after treatment with Novalgin. The clinico-biological symptoms were dominated by Streptococcal septicemia with an infectious pulmonary and digestive focus. The blood cell count confirmed a severe agranulocytosis with total disappearance of neutrophils. Despite broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and stimulation with hematopoietic growth factor, the clinical evolution was fatal in the short term. What motivates us to add this case to those of the literature in order to remind practitioners about the danger of this drug, and to promote has doubled of vigilance during use.
Purpose: Some physiological events in women’s life such as pregnancy and lactation can be associated to a condition known as Transient Osteoporosis of the Hip (TOH); if not promptly diagnosed it can lead to significant consequences such as femoral neck fracture. In this paper we describe a case of bilateral TOH, focusing on the importance of early treatment and how it influenced the outcome.
Methods: A 40 years old post-delivery woman came to our attention for hip pain and a left femoral neck fracture was diagnosed. Magnetic resonance (MRI) showed bilateral edema of the femoral head. She underwent total hip replacement on the left side; toe-touch weight bearing and pharmacological therapy were prescribed for the right hip.
Results: MRI at nine months showed complete regression of the femoral head and neck edema; the patient was clinically asymptomatic.
Conclusion: If not promptly diagnosed and treated, TOH can potentially evolve in fracture. Many therapeutic strategies have been suggested since now; we believe that avoiding weight bearing on the involved hip as early as possible is the key to recovery.
A 36-year-old man without previous medical history presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and vomiting of acute onset. His vital signs were stable and he had no fever. Abdominal exploration revealed distention with pain at palpation. Laboratory tests were normal. Abdominal X-Ray showed gastric and small intestine distention. A nasogastric tube was placed and fluid therapy started. Computed tomography showed an intestinal malrotation, without the duodenum crossing the midline and with the colic frame arranged in the left hemiabdomen (Figure 1), complicated with a midgut volvulus as demonstrated by the whirlpool sign (Figure 2, arrow).
We describe a rare case of patellar fracture in a seven year old girl. The case was reviewed for various aspects such as clinical diagnosis, imaging tests and most suitable treatment.
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