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Foreign body ingestion in children is a serious problem encountered among children. Approximately 80% of cases of foreign body ingestions occur in children between the ages of six months and three years [1]. Button battery ingestion occurs at an estimate rate of ten in one million people per year, a small group of which are retained in the esophagus and later become complicated [2]. Button battery ingestion can lead to esophageal perforation and death within hours if not appropriately diagnosed [3].

Central venous catheter fracture and migration are rare complications in patients receiving long-term infusions or chemotherapy. We present a rare case of a chest port catheter fracture that migrated into the coronary sinus. This case is likely the fourth report of a port catheter fracture with migration to the coronary sinus. Because of the difficult-to-retrieve location, multiple attempts were unsuccessful with traditional techniques using a loop snare. Finally, the fractured portion was disengaged from the coronary sinus using a navigational electrophysiology catheter guided by intracardiac echocardiography; the dislodged end was snared and eventually removed by the femoral route. This case of a chest port catheter fracture is unique because of the unusual migration to the coronary sinus and the use of a navigational electrophysiology catheter as a novel retrieval technique.

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization [1], it’s possible to conceptualize food security from four dimensions: physical availability of food, economic and physical access to  food, food utilization and stability of the other three dimensions over time. A situation of food security is found in  these four dimensions are fulfilled simultaneously.

The appropriateness of opioid therapy for patients with Chronic Non-Malignant Pain (CNCP) has been questioned by a variety of researchers and policy makers [1-3]. One comprehensive review concluded that the benefits of such therapy for pain relief and functional improvement are modest at best and that opioid therapy is associated with significant harms including various symptoms (e.g., headache, nausea, sedation), development of opioid use disorder, fractures and death from overdose [3].

Purpose: The time course of muscle stiffness of muscles around the shoulder joint and the scapula was investigated according to the degree of muscle weakness. This study was conducted to clarify the recovery process of muscle hardness of the muscles surrounding the shoulder joint and the scapula after the shoulder internal and external rotational exercises. Methods: Participants were 7 healthy men (23.6 ± 1.4 yr), repeated internal and external rotations of the shoulder joint until the mean work of three internal and external rotations each was less than 90%, 80%, or 70% of the standard. Muscle hardness of the supraspinatus muscle, the infraspinatus muscle, and the rhomboideus muscle was measured before, immediately after, and 1to 72 hr after each bout of exercise. Muscle hardness was measured as Strain ratio using an ultrasound real-time tissue elastography. In addition, the rates of change were calculated using muscle hardness before exercise as the standard, to compare differences in the rate of change after exercise between conditions. Results: The rates of change of the Strain ratio between measurements taken before and after exercise were compared among conditions for the infraspinatus muscle. Results were -7.1 ± 5.3, -15.2 ± 10.3, and -25.0 ± 8.8, respectively, at 90%, 80%, and 70%, with a significant difference between a decrease to 90% and to 70% (p < 0.05). Significant difference was found in the change over time for the infraspinatus muscle only between values obtained immediately after exercise and after 72 hr at a decrease to 70% (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Those results described above demonstrated that the infraspinatus muscle and the supraspinatus muscle were harder immediately after exercise when the shoulder joint was at a higher degree of muscle weakness, and demonstrated that the change was likely to be recovered after 72 hr.

Dynamic Knee Valgus (DKV) is correlated with both, Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury and hip and ankle disorders in female athletes and has a more significant prevalence compared with male athletes because of numerous factors. The aim of this study is to determine if the connexion between DKV, landing errors, and non-contact ACL injury and re-injury in high-performance, adult, female team sport athletes can be eliminated by changing the frontal plane movement pattern and the landing errors during the rehabilitation process (RHB), a process which was focussed on dynamic knee stability with multidimensional single-leg jump landing training, on 3D knee balance improvement and multistimulus perturbation challenges and tasks,+ eccentric & concentric exercise, strength & conditioning, aerobic training that lasted from 26 - 44 weeks.Assessing and eliminating-reducing DKV during the RHB is mandatory in lowering the re-rupture rates in female professional athletes after ACL surgery and in preventing opposite knee trauma.

As a neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by a combination of premotor, motor, and nonmotor symptoms. PD is commonly accompanied by psychosis, which is one of the commonest symptoms in the long run. As a result of Parkinson’s disease psychosis (PDP), symptoms can range from minor consequences of the disease (illusions, passage hallucinations, and presence hallucinations), to visual and nonvisual hallucinations and delusions. PDP is associated with a reduction in function and a reduction in quality of life as well. It is commonly believed that PDP is related to economic burden, and it has a significant impact on the utilization of long-term care services. The main focus should be on diagnosing, classifying, and managing PDP in an appropriate manner. As a first step in the management of PDP patients, the emphasis should be on identifying and treating any contributing medical factors, reducing or discontinuing medications that could cause or worsen psychosis, as well as nonpharmacological strategies and considering acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for treatment when dementia is present. A number of medications are being considered for use in PDP, including pimavanserin, quetiapine, and clozapine. The purpose of the current review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the disorder in the general population with PD, including epidemiology, psychotic symptoms, risk factors, triggers, neuro-signaling pathways, diagnosis, and treatment of PDP.

Objective: This study discusses strategies to overcome hypertension patient compliance to manage self-care. The purpose of the study is to provide a summary of the importance of attention to managing hypertension. Method: a review of literature relevant to hypertension, policies, and management, both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, through cross-programs or sectors. Result: This study found that the ministry of health had compiled various policies to reduce the prevalence of hypertension, including technical guidelines for its implementation, but the strategy has not yet fully reached the minimum service standard, which is because it has not fully involved the relevant cross sectors. Conclusion: Improve the coordination system by “Joint Decree” between the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Villages, PDT and Transmigration, the Ministry of Social Affairs, Indonesian National Army, police, and NGOs to carry out activities simultaneously to the community.

Metabolic syndrome composed of abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, raised blood pressure, insulin resistance and/or glucose intolerance, proinflammatory state and prothrombotic state is a complex multisystem disorder. It is well known that patients with metabolic syndrome have increased cardiovascular risk and risk of developing diabetes type II. But besides these well known risk states, there are other conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome, fatty liver, cholesterol gallstones, asthma, sleep disturbances and some forms of cancer associated with a metabolic syndrome. In this case report we will present a patient who developed many of these conditions related to the metabolic syndrome and will highlight the novel efforts regarding to the lifestyle changes, primarily weight loss.

Hypersexual disorder, also known as compulsive sexual behavior or sex addiction, is a complex and clinically significant condition characterized by intense and recurrent sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors that significantly disrupt an individual’s daily life and overall well-being. Despite its importance, hypersexual disorder remains a controversial and debated topic, lacking standardized diagnostic criteria in major classification systems.This review paper provides a comprehensive examination of hypersexual disorder, encompassing its definition, conceptualization, etiology, co-occurring conditions, effects on mental and physical health, assessment, treatment approaches, cultural and ethical considerations, and future research directions. By synthesizing information from existing literature and research, this review aims to deepen our understanding of hypersexual disorder and contribute to the development of evidence-based interventions.The review begins by exploring the evolution of the term “hypersexual disorder” and its current status in diagnostic classifications. It then delves into the potential etiological factors contributing to the development of hypersexual behaviors, including neurobiological, genetic, and psychosocial factors.Furthermore, the review discusses the common comorbidities associated with hypersexual disorder, emphasizing the importance of addressing co-occurring mental health conditions in treatment planning. The psychological and physiological effects of hypersexual behaviors on affected individuals are examined, underscoring the urgency of early intervention and comprehensive treatment.The assessment and diagnosis of hypersexual disorder are thoroughly examined, considering the challenges and methodologies involved in identifying and evaluating affected individuals. Cultural and ethical considerations are highlighted, stressing the significance of providing culturally sensitive and ethical care to diverse populations.In the context of treatment, the review discusses various therapeutic approaches, including psychotherapy, medication, support groups, and harm-reduction strategies. The need for evidence-based treatments tailored to hypersexual disorder is underscored while recognizing the challenges of developing standardized protocols in this evolving field.Finally, future research directions are outlined, focusing on the standardization of diagnostic criteria, prevalence studies, neurobiological investigations, and the integration of cultural competency in treatment approaches.In conclusion, this review paper aims to contribute to a comprehensive understanding of hypersexual disorder and its implications for affected individuals and society. By exploring the multifaceted aspects of the condition, this review seeks to provide insights into effective treatment approaches and inspire further research in the study of hypersexual disorder.