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Mucinous cystadenoma constitutes 15% of epithelial ovarian tumors. In resource limited setting they may reach huge size as there is no regular medical checkup. This case series highlights these aspects along with diagnostic and surgical considerations.

Thermal stress of a continuous rigid frame bridge, based on the temperature gradient in Chinese bridge gauge, using a finite element analysis (FEA) method was investigated. First of all, the temperature effect of the whole bridge was analyzed, and the correlation of the improved amplitude of temperature gradient and temperature effect were studied. It was found that there was a linear relationship with temperature stress and improved temperature. And then, the temperature effect of zero block was analyzed and the details of box girder temperature stress distribution investigated by utilizing the FEA method. It was concluded that temperature stress mainly distributed in the body surface; under the condition of the improvement of temperature field, the center temperature stress of zero block was improved about 60% and the end temperature stress of zero block was improved about 75%.

Background and Purpose: Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare neurological diagnosis found in 1-4 per million people. Rehabilitation is recommended secondary to steroid treatment. There is limited clinical research on physical therapy (PT) for TM. The purpose of this case report is to present PT examination and management strategies for a patient with TM. Case Description: A 25-year-old female patient diagnosed with TM was referred to PT. She presented foot drop causing ataxic gait, decreased sensation in bilateral lower extremities, significant fatigue, and low back pain. The patient required significant rest time between all tests and measures due to severely increased fatigue. PT plan of care was focused on therapeutic exercises per patient tolerance, passive range of motion (ROM) administered by the therapist, and gait training when activity tolerance was increased. Outcomes: The patient was able to tolerate bouts of exercise as prescribed through home exercise program. She responded very well to passive ROM treatment during breaks between exercises to maintain ROM and decrease rigidity. Active ROM exercise was used to build activity tolerance while being mindful of limited ability due to fatigue. Upon increased activity tolerance, the patient was able to tolerate gait training with multiple breaks and maintain corrected gait when addressed during treatment. Discussion: PT intervention was helpful for this patient with TM. Breaking down functional activities based on patient tolerance is important when treating people with TM. More experimental research is needed to support the benefits of PT for TM.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technology into various fields, particularly healthcare, has demonstrated considerable potential in improving efficiency and accuracy. However, the potential risks associated with unprofessional or inappropriate use of AI cannot be overlooked. The current landscape of healthcare demonstrates a growing reliance on AI tools, which is expected to expand in the future. The existing literature highlights the effectiveness  of various AI applications, including chatbots, in specific medical domains. This study aims to review relevant literature in the pharmaceutical and galenic fields while evaluating a prominent AI chatbot provider. Based on the findings, this article presents critical considerations for researchers and practitioners. A thorough assessment of the benefits and risks associated with AI technologies is essential as these tools become increasingly prevalent in pharmaceutical practices.

The strategy of price liberalisation and privatisation had been implemented in Sudan over the last decade, and has had a positive result on government deficit. The investment law approved recently has good statements and rules on the above strategy in particular to pharmacy regulations. Under the pressure of the new privatisation policy, the government introduced radical changes in the pharmacy regulations. To improve the effectiveness of the public pharmacy, resources should be switched towards areas of need, reducing inequalities and promoting better health conditions. Medicines are financed either through cost sharing or full private. The role of the private services is significant. A review of reform of financing medicines in Sudan is given in this study. Also, it highlights the current drug supply system in the public sector, which is currently responsibility of the Central Medical Supplies Public Corporation (CMS). In Sudan, the researchers did not identify any rigorous evaluations or quantitative studies about the impact of drug regulations on the quality of medicines and how to protect public health against counterfeit or low quality medicines, although it is practically possible. However, the regulations must be continually evaluated to ensure the public health is protected against by marketing high quality medicines rather than commercial interests, and the drug companies are held accountable for their conduct.

Spin-depending internal magnetic interactions in oxygen are crucial for the chemistry and photobiology of this molecule. Photosynthesis, respiration, and many other life-supporting oxygen reactions are governed by enzymes that use fine magnetic forces to overcome the spin-forbidden character of all aerobic metabolism. Life on Earth occurs on the border between combustion and oxidative phosphorylation, and this balance is largely dependent on reactive oxygen species. ROS can cause apoptosis or cell necrosis, and ROS also controls homeostasis through numerous signaling functions. Until recently, biochemists had not paid attention to internal magnetic interactions that influence the chemical activity of such ROS as superoxide ion, singlet oxygen, peroxynitrite, and many others. The role of superoxide dismutase, the oldest enzyme on the Earth, which provides superoxide concentration control, stresses the importance of the O2-• species as the precursor of many other ROS. Spin-orbit coupling in O2-• and O2 species are the main internal magnetic interactions that could influence cancer growth and be connected with cancer therapy.

Annually the list of pesticides is replenished by new ones. One of the main criteria for their registration is toxicological and hygienic assessment and its impact on the environment. In order to register the new soy herbicide Damu - Safen, EC (fomesafen, 250 g/l) it was necessary to assess its toxicological and hygienic impact on the environment and humans. Therefore, for the first time we conducted studies of the environmental objects under the influence of Damu-Safen, EC (fomesafen, 250 g/l) and the risk assessment of the active substance fomesafen and pesticide Damu - Safen, EC on the workers. According to the results of the assessment of working conditions for the workers of the tanker and the tractor operator, an acceptable risk was obtained that meets regulatory and hygienic requirements. Residual amounts of fomesafen not exceeding the normative levels were found during conducted studies on environmental objects. Consequently, the results of the risk assessment in the application of pesticide Damu-Safen, EC (fomesafen, 250 g/l) and its impact on the working people and environmental objects indicate the possibility of its application in compliance with optimal environmental conditions and compliance with regulations for appliances and personal protective equipment.

This study presents a comprehensive simulation and analysis of photonic band gaps in one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals using the open-source software MEEP. Photonic crystals, with their periodic structures, exhibit photonic bandgaps that prevent the propagation of specific wavelengths of light, making them crucial for various optical applications. Unlike previous studies that primarily focused on theoretical and experimental methods, this research introduces a novel computational approach that enhances the accuracy and flexibility of modeling these bandgaps. Through detailed simulations, we explore the impact of different structural parameters on the photonic bandgap properties, providing valuable insights into optimizing these crystals for practical use. Our findings demonstrate significant improvements in the design and understanding of 1D photonic crystals, particularly in tailoring bandgaps for specific applications in optical devices. This work contributes to the advancement of photonic crystal technology by offering a robust framework for their analysis and application.

Aim: To compare the vision related quality of life before and after prescription of refractive glasses in school-aged children. Design: A prospective, comparative, and hospital-based interventional study was conducted at the Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, PGIMS, Rohtak between May 2021-May 2022. It involved assessment of vision-related quality of life (VRQoL) in 200 school-going children of the 5-16 age group, then comparing outcomes in children with URE versus those corrected with eyeglasses. Those with significantly low visual acuity (≤ 6/9) on Snellen’s were enrolled in the study after obtaining written informed consent from parents. The Modified SREEQ was used to assess VRQoL. Various parameters of comparison included age, gender, demography, education, and improvement in VRQoL within individual study groups over time. Comparison was done before and after using prescription refractive eyeglasses with a follow-up period of 3 months. Results: The correction amongst hypermetropes, 40 out of total 200 students (20%), correction among myopes (153 of 200 students), correction amongst students with astigmatism (7 out of 200 students) resulted in changing categories from mild/moderate/severe visual impairment to normal category of visual acuity i.e., 6/6 on immediate correction with refractive glasses prescribed to them post refraction. Students with astigmatism showed an improvement in symptoms like distorted images post-refractive correction at 3 months. Thus, proving a positive role of refractive eyeglasses in reducing the burden of refractive errors in our study population and improving the visual outcome. Conclusion: VRQoL was better in students after they got their refractive errors corrected with prescription eyeglasses at 3 months as compared to their QoL evaluated at their first visit to our centre with URE. This study focused on having a holistic approach towards improvement in QoL by taking into consideration the academic, psychological, cost-effectiveness aspects of VRQoL among students in the age group 5-16 years old.

Introduction and goal: From the perspective of Islam, spiritual health means having a Sound Heart (a calm, confident and optimistic soul, with hope for God’s mercy, satisfaction with destiny and vitality). The way to achieve spiritual health is strengthening the faith and taking good deeds based on religious spirituality. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the impact of spiritual health (Sound Heart) on the other aspects of health at different levels of prevention. Methods: In nine phases of research in 16 years, after designing and validating the “Sound Heart Model”. The spiritual problems of patients and healthy clients were determined. Spiritual care guidelines and the spiritual counseling model in patients and healthy clients were designed. Then “Parent’s Spiritual Empowerment Program”, “inter-professional spiritual health care training program” was extracted. Based on the findings of the previous steps, the effect of spiritual health on other aspects of health at different levels of prevention was extracted. Findings: Belief in God and divine love creates spiritual health (Sound heart) with wisdom, chastity, courage, justice, dignity, kindness, and sincerity in action. Faith prevents neglecting from the God’s remembrance and its consequences such as: unhealthy lifestyle, risky behaviors, destructive excitements, psychosocial diseases in clients and eliminates the fear, anxiety, sadness and disappointment in patients. Spiritual health causes living in the present time with patience and grace of God, creates hope, optimism for the future, courage to face life crises. By creating mental health, it improves the psycho-neuron-immunologic function and improves physical health. Conclusion: Considering the great impact of spiritual health on the other aspects of health at all levels of prevention, it is imperative that students and health care staff, by referring to these concepts, carry out spiritual care/counseling.