3-D Current Density and Magnetic Field of 3-D MR Scanner Gradient Coil
Published on: 28th June, 2024
The topic of this paper is to describe the 3-D current density in the windings of a 3-D coil, which fills the volume between two coaxial cylinders at a precisely defined distance from each other, and which serves to generate a magnetic field gradient in the center of the cylinder axis. The 3-D current density is considered an unknown input quantity, which is calculated from the known gradient magnetic field output. It is an inverse problem in mathematics, where the direct problems are the calculation of unknown output quantities based on known input quantities. Fourier series expansion methods in the context of cylindrical coordinates were used to describe the 3-D current density. In that case, Bessel functions are used as development components. The current densities, at each point in space, were lined up to represent current lines. Each power line is associated with a coil winding through which a current of a certain strength flows. After that, the principle of discretization of coil windings was applied. Each winding is divided into a large number of elementary segments that were considered as current elements, which create, based on Bio-Savar's law, an elementary magnetic field. In this way, the total, continuous magnetic field is broken into many elementary components, which come from different current elements. An important result of this process is that each current element can be controlled independently by a current source. This means that the output magnetic field of the gradient can be controlled by current sources, which are the input sizes, and this is what is at the core of the topic of this paper.
Unmasking Renal Complications of Immunotherapy: A Case of Nivolumab-induced FSGS
Published on: 7th February, 2025
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICPIs), while revolutionizing cancer therapy through potentiation of anti-tumour responses via targeted blockade of T-lymphocyte inhibitory receptors, are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including diverse renal manifestations. This report presents a case of a 69-year-old male with urothelial carcinoma who developed Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and nephrotic-range proteinuria following initiation of nivolumab, an anti-PD1 antibody, necessitating renal biopsy to clarify the aetiology. The biopsy revealed Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with endotheliopathy, suggesting a direct ICPI-induced glomerular injury. This case underscores the need for heightened awareness of ICPI-associated glomerular disease, alongside more common renal adverse events such as Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN), and for the need for renal biopsy in such cases. While the incidence of ICPI-associated AKI is approximately 17%, and AIN is a more frequent finding, FSGS and other glomerular pathologies should also be considered. Current treatment for such renal events involves discontinuation of the ICPI agent and initiation of immunosuppression with glucocorticoids. The management of these cases requires prompt detection, timely diagnosis, and often interdisciplinary collaboration, thus highlighting the need for more case reports, research, and better treatment strategies.
GELS as Pharmaceutical Form in Hospital Galenic Practice: Chemico-physical and Pharmaceutical Aspects
Published on: 10th February, 2025
This work aims to describe the chemical-physical properties of various GELS used as galenic forms in hospital pharmacy practice. After an overview of the excipients and method used three preparations are reported. LAT GEL is used as an anesthetic in an emergency (pediatry ) in treating little Traumatic lacerations of the skin and scalp, calcium gel is used as an antidote for fluoride acid burns, and Lidocaine viscose 2% oral gel is used in some pathological conditions like severe esophagitis in onco - hematological patients after radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The galenic role in the situation of some drug shortages was also analyzed.
Review on Forensic Analysis of Microbiota in Human
Published on: 4th July, 2024
Numerous studies relate differences in microbial communities to humans. The microbiome is fundamental for the human turn of events, invulnerability, and nourishment. The ordinary microbiota has explicit capability in supplement digestion, xenobiotic and drug digestion, upkeep of underlying trustworthiness of the stomach mucosal boundary, immunomodulation, and assurance against microorganisms. Out of nowhere, it assumes a significant part in criminology. In a few criminal examinations, such perceptible changes in the microbiome and mycobiome can decide the reason or the genuine spot of death. The microbial follows found at the crime location can likewise give obvious proof of responsibility. The point of this audit was to study the microbiome and its applications in scientific sciences and to decide the primary lines of examination that are emerging, as well as its potential commitments to the scientific field.’
The Exercise continuum and the role of Doctors
Published on: 3rd July, 2018
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 7795903510
Everyone can be placed somewhere on an exercise continuum with the idle at one end and the hyperactive at the other. At both extremes, health suffers. Exercise is essential to health and managing it is the responsibility of individuals but few know what they should do. Doctors seldom teach how to be healthy and act only when repair is needed.
Pneumothorax as Complication of CT Guided Lung Biopsy: Frequency, Severity and Assessment of Risk Factors
Published on: 12th February, 2025
Background: CT-guided lung biopsy is routinely performed minimally invasive procedure. Imaging findings in the lung can have a broad differential diagnosis; therefore, it is indicated for definitive determination of pulmonary nodules or masses. Post-biopsy complications are common with most of them manageable in daycare. As pneumothorax is the most common complication, frequency and severity of pneumothorax with assessment of risk factors and follow-up for resolution is necessary.Methods: A prospective evaluation of 123 biopsies with automated coaxial biopsy of 18 gauge was done. Post-biopsy pneumothorax was evaluated for its incidence and resolution. The studied risk factors were; patient age, sex, lesion location, lesion size, shortest pleural lesion depth, traversed lung parenchymal distance, presence of emphysema, fissure penetration, needle thoracic wall angle, and lesion characteristics.Results: Reported immediate post-procedural pneumothorax was 22% with 19% of mild, 4% of moderate and 2.4% of severe cases. 51.9% of cases showed resolution within 24 hours. The intervention was required in only 4.8% of biopsy cases. A significant p - value of pneumothorax with the nodule depth increased traversed lung parenchymal distance, acute needle angle, fissure puncture, and presence of emphysema was seen. Emphysema was an independent variable in pneumothorax in multivariate analysis.Conclusion: Pneumothorax is an unamenable consequence of CT-guided lung biopsy and a cautious approach should be kept in view of the variables that are associated with it to reduce its incidence and severity in patients.
Mass Serological Screening in the Armed Forces Using the Serum-Pooling Method. Analytical Evaluation of the Chemiluminescence Method
Published on: 18th February, 2025
Mass serological screening in the Armed Forces involves detecting serological markers of chronic infections, particularly viral hepatitis B and C, syphilis, and HIV among young militaryrecruits. The objective of this study is to evaluate the analytical performance of the chemiluminescence technique (CMIA-Architect i2000 SR) in mass serological screening using the serum-pooling method at the virology laboratory of the Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital.Samples with known serological results (positive/negative) were grouped into pools of different sizes (2, 5, 10, and 15 sera). These pools were tested using chemiluminescence (CMIA-Architect i2000 SR). A cost analysis was conducted to assess potential savings based on seroprevalence and pool size.Results showed that the pooling method maintained 100% specificity. Overall sensitivities for detecting positive samples were 93.1% for HBV, 83.33% for HCV, and 86.36% for HIV. Positive and negative predictive values were high for all three viral markers, highlighting the reliability of the pooling method. Additionally, this approach generated significant cost savings, ranging from 46% to 80%. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the solid analytical performance of the chemiluminescence technique (CMIA-Architect i 2000 SR) using the serum-pooling method for detecting HBV, HCV, and HIV serological markers in low-seroprevalence regions.
Comprehensive Acceptance Testing and Performance Evaluation of the Symbia Intevo Bold SPECT/CT System for Clinical Use
Published on: 19th February, 2025
Aim: This prospective study reports the acceptance testing of the Symbia Intevo Bold SPECT/CT scanner (Siemens Healthineers), recently installed at SQCCCRC, University Medical City, Muscat, Oman, before its clinical implementation.Materials and methods: The acceptance tests were performed using a Low Energy High Resolution (LEHR) collimator and Technetium-99m (Tc-99m) as the radioactive source, following the manufacturer’s protocols. The tests included physical inspection, peaking and tuning, intrinsic and extrinsic uniformity calibration, intrinsic energy resolution, and planar spatial resolution without scatter. Key performance parameters such as full-width at half-maximum (FWHM), system sensitivity, and count rate performance were evaluated.Results: All critical acceptance tests, including intrinsic energy resolution, energy calibration (symmetric curve), and extrinsic uniformity with the LEHR collimator, were completed and met the required specifications. System sensitivity and count rate performance were within the expected ranges, confirming the system’s readiness for clinical use.Conclusion: The Symbia Intevo Bold SPECT/CT system passed all performance tests successfully. The acceptance testing validated the system’s optimal performance following international standards, ensuring its suitability for clinical operations.
Final solution in femoroacetabular impingement - Threaded cups in hip revision surgery 2002-2012
Published on: 23rd October, 2018
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 7900083791
Purpose: Here, we report the complications of endoprosthesis with threaded cups according to our application in cases of complicated acetabulum (hip revisions and femoroacetabular impingement (FAI)).
Methods: A total of 504 patients was analyzed, including 189 men and 315 women. For re-implanted patients (n = 49), the mean time to re-implantation was 6.3 years and the average age at re-implantation was 54.7 years. For censored patients (n = 455), the mean time to censoring was 5.5 years and the average age of the implant was 55.7 years. Among the patients that were censored, 77 died and 378 patients did not experience an event necessitating re-implantation.
Results: For the total study population, the Kaplan-Meier estimate of 5 year survival is 0.94 and of 10 year survival is 0.85. 90% of the implants survived 7 years, 80% of the implants survived almost 12 years and 70% of implants survived almost 15 years. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggests that men have higher survival than women. Age of the patient at the time of implant was not a statistically significant factor for re-implantation (p value = 0.21) but sex was (p value = 0.02). Women had 2.25 times more risk of being re-implanted than men.
Conclusions: In our case series, the failure rate, as a result of aseptic loosening, was 7.4% (n = 51). More than half the failure cases (56%) required re-implantation. Over one-third (37%) of the primary arthrosis cases, were found to be FAI, lessening the frequency of diagnosis of the former. In our clinic, the threaded cup seems to be indispensable in hip revision surgery and in treating FAI.
The effects of physiotherapy and rehabilitation on Pallister-Killian Syndrome: A case report
Published on: 20th December, 2018
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 7964755732
The aim of the paper is to determine the effects of physiotherapy and rehabilitation (PHTR) on a child with Pallister-Killian Syndrome (PKS). Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and duration of grasping ping pong ball were the primary outcome measures which were conducted at the beginning, 12th, and 24th month. Neurodevelopmental Therapy and Sensory Integration Therapy were used as intervention methods. The most increase with around 50% was acquired in Section A of the GMFM. Duration of holding a ping pong ball gradually increased. As a result, this is the first paper presenting a PHTR shedule and its results in a child with PKS.
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