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Robust anti-microbial surfaces that are non-toxic to users have widespread application in medical, industrial, and domestic arenas. Magnesium hydroxide has recently gained attention as an anti-microbial compound that is non-toxic, biocompatible, and environmentally friendly. Here we demonstrate melt compound and thermally embossed methods for coating polypropylene with Mg(OH)2 nanoplatelets and copper-infused Mg(OH)2 nanoplatelets. Polypropylene articles coated with Mg(OH)2 nanoplatelets and copper-infused Mg(OH)2 nanoplatelets exhibit a log 8 kill of E.coli within 24 hours. In addition, Mg(OH)2 NPs suspension, at 0.25% reduced SARSCoV-2 virus titers in the solution by 2.5 x 103 PFU/mL or 29.4%, while the Cu-infused Mg(OH)2 NPs suspension, at 0.25% reduced titers by 8.1 x 103 PFU/mL or 95.3%. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in bacteria in response to Mg(OH)2 and Cu-infused Mg(OH)2 nanoplatelets which appears to be an important but not the sole mode of anti-microbial action of the nanoplatelets. Plastics with anti-microbial surfaces from where biocides are non-leachable are highly desirable. This work provides a general fabrication strategy for developing anti-microbial plastic surfaces.

Background: Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of livestock animals caused by dipteran larvae. The presence of wounds, lack of hygiene on the farm, and temperate climatic conditions contribute to myiasis. Swine can be infested by myiasis if injured pigs are not treated properly and failure to treat myiasis in time may cause the culling or death of the pigs, resulting in huge economic loss to the farmers. But like humans and other farm animals, pigs also deserve to be treated and cured of any suffering or disease. Therefore, this study is documented on pig myiasis and its management because to date a few cases have been reported on it.Case presentation: This case report documented the successful management of neck myiasis in a male, 9-month-old, 12-kg-weighing backyard pig. The wound site was cleaned using antiseptics and maggots were removed. The site was treated with turpentine oil, and ivermectin at 0.2 mg/kg B.W. and S/C. A combination of streptomycin (12.5 mg/kg B.W.) and penicillin (20000 IU/kg B.W.) was used IM daily for 5 days to prevent secondary bacterial infection. The wound was dressed regularly on every alternate day until the complete removal of maggots and the formation of granulation tissue.Conclusion: Through proper therapeutic management, the backyard pig’s neck myiasis wound was successfully healed in 10 days without any complications.

Fine Dust (FD) in the respiratory air generates a variety of human disease issues throughout the earth. This study aimed to investigate whether (1) Tussilago farfara extracts (TF) decrease neutrophils accumulation, typical pathological features, and goblet cell hyperplasia in mice following exposure to fine dust (FD); (2) inflammatory cytokines result from FD exposure; and (3) asymmetric dimethyl-arginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethyl-arginine (SDMA) levels in the mice following exposure to FD. Seven-week-old male Balb/c mice (n = 5/group) were instilled two times by intra-nasal-trachea (INT) injection for 3 days and 6 days to the mice four groups; normal, control, FD + dexamethasone (Dexa, positive control), and FD + TF groups. TF suspended in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was administered orally to the mice daily for 10 days (100 mg/kg). Neutrophil accumulation, typical pathological features, goblet cell hyperplasia, ADMA, and SDMA levels were assessed on day 10 in FD-induced mice. Results indicated FD significantly reduced neutrophil accumulation in BALF, typical pathological features containing goblet cell hyperplasia in lung tissues, and inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and C-X-C motif chemokine 1 (CXCL-1)]. Furthermore, TF significantly decreased levels of elevated ADMA and SDMA by FD exposure. Collectively, TF decreased the counts of neutrophils in BALF, histological changes in lung tissues due to downstream secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and levels of ADMA and SDMA. Therefore, TF may be a potential therapeutics for treating FD-associated diseases.

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have significantly improved cancer treatment outcomes, but cardiovascular complications such as ICI-associated myocarditis are a major concern. Diagnosing myocarditis requires integrating biomarkers, electrocardiogram (EKG), cardiac imaging, and endomyocardial biopsy. We present a case illustrating these diagnostic challenges, involving a female patient treated with pembrolizumab who developed fatal acute myocarditis mimicking infiltrative cardiomyopathy.Case report: A 54-year-old woman with mucosal melanoma, treated with pembrolizumab, was hospitalized in May 2023 due to dyspnea and elevated troponin levels. Initial cardiac workups were normal, but subsequent tests revealed borderline cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings. In late May 2023, the patient was admitted with worsening dyspnea, elevated NT-pro-BNP, and severe hyperlactatemia. Imaging and endomyocardial biopsy confirmed acute myocarditis with atypical presentation, mimicking infiltrative cardiomyopathy. Despite aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, the patient’s condition deteriorated, resulting in cardiogenic shock and death seven days post-admission.Conclusion: This case underscores the diagnostic and management challenges of ICI-associated myocarditis, particularly with atypical presentations. It highlights the need for vigilant, comprehensive monitoring and further research to improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing these severe side effects in patients undergoing ICI therapy.

The radioactive isomer was initially used to characterize persistent excited atomic states, much like molecular isomers, more than a century ago. Otto Hahn made the first atomic isomer discovery in 1921.  Subsequently, it was gradually discovered that there are several kinds of nuclear isomers, such as spin isomer, K isomer, seniority isomer, and “shape and fission” isomer.  Isomers are essential to the nucleosynthesis of astrophysical materials. High-accuracy nuclear reaction rate inputs are anticipated while carrying out a celestial nucleosynthesis net computation, even though a single reaction rate can have a significant impact on the whole astronomical evolutionary network. The isotopes are often considered to be in their initial state or to have levels populated in accordance with the thermal-equilibrium distribution of chances when computing nuclear synthesis rates. After all, certain isomers may have lives that reach millions of years or perhaps beyond the age of the cosmos. Thus, in an astrophysics event, such isomers might not be thermally equilibrium. Some atomic isomers—that is, astrometry—should be considered special isotopes since they are crucial to nucleosynthesis. Nuclear batteries can also be produced using nuclear isomers. Similar to the weak force, in certain specific cases such as isomer decays, the electromagnetic force could be crucial for nuclear changes. It is important to note that radioactive isomer states and radioactive ground states are not the same thing.  Durable nuclear states of excitement provide insight into the nuclear framework and potential uses. Atomic and molecular changes become interconnected when the connection to the electrons in atoms is made possible by the existence of em decay routes from isomers. Notably renowned chemical decay process is inner conversion. Its inverted, nuclear excitement by free capture of electrons has been observed; however, it is debatable and needs more investigation. This study describes the connection connecting radioactive and molecular changes and discusses instances of manipulating nuclear moves related to isomers using external electromagnetic fields.

The mainstays of nuclear substance radiation and isotopic synthesis are nuclear-powered power plants, however effective safety evaluation is made tougher by the complicated construction topologies and physical connection effects. This work proposes a multiphysics-linked technique for evaluating both the kinetic and steady-state behaviors of the MPRR and LVR-15 laboratory reactors. To represent complicated member geometries, homogenized assembling sections are generated using two-dimensional whole-core computational simulations. It is discovered that the steady-state findings and the so-called Monte Carl solution comparisons correspond quite nicely. The greatest assemble power mistakes for LVR-15 and MPRR are 6.49%/10%, and the highest command rod value mistakes are 31 pcm/136 pcm, and the mistakes are 377 pcm/383 pcm, accordingly. Meanwhile, the study is done on transitory procedures, such as reactivity-initiated disasters and exposed loss-of-flow mishaps. Both units' modeling findings show plausible adverse feedback events. Furthermore, it is shown that the two reactors' accident-related behaviors are comparable though having different core architectures since they employ the exact same kinds of water as a fluid. The technique for studying nuclear power plant kinetics known as Multi-Physics Simulation (MPM) is explained. Drawing on many research and verification efforts conducted at Politecnico di Milan, Italy, MPM is shown to be a valuable instrument for managing reactors' security and oversight. It may be viewed as a holistic analytical tool that is implemented during the reactor architecture design phase. The capacity to concurrently answer the interrelated equations that control the many physical processes taking place in a nuclear plant inside the same simulated setting is a core characteristic of MPM.

Background: Marine resources have diverse biological and beneficial entities for human beings. Among them, microalgae are one of the eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms found in freshwater and marine environments with an immense source of metabolites. They consist of high nutraceutical and value-added compounds for health concerns. Objective: Most microalgal species like- chlorella, spirulina, Isochrysis, Nannochloropsis, etc. are found to synthesize biologically active secondary metabolites which are having high pharmaceutical and nutraceutical value. Some of the purely extracted compounds are Lecithin, fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, and most important Sulphur polysaccharides- fucose, galactose, xylose, rhamnose, etc. are providing anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-cancer and anti-diabetic activities.Methods: Many of the prior studies demonstrated the compilation of naturally derived secondary metabolites for their potential application in most fields. Because of their wide-ranging potential for use in biopharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries, microalgae have recently gained significant interest on a global scale.Result: Microalgae are both parts of the dietary ingredients and bioactive pharmaceuticals. A number of microalgal species have been explored for their significance towards their high-value products with their exceptional pharmacological and biological properties.Conclusion: This current review discussed the uses and benefits of microalgae for the manufacture of nutraceuticals and the medicinal use of diverse bioactive compounds.

An empirical framework that accurately describes radioactive binding energies is the Somewhat Empirical Mass Equation (SEMF). They showcase many implementations and uses of the idea that rely on graphics and printed objects. A key new addition is a contrast with real experiments, as well as a visualization of the energy environment as supplied by the SEMF. The shortcomings of the empirical theory are shown by our visualization of this differential energy scenery, which also highlights the significance of what is known as magic numbers—an explanation provided by the outermost approach, which was developed much more recently than the water drop theory. This provides a great chance to talk about the advantages and limitations of simulations everywhere within the framework of science teaching.

Cognitive impairment has been increasingly observed among patients with anxiety disorders and major depressive disorders impacting their normal daily functioning as well as quality of life. A multitude of evidence suggests that the most affected cognitive abilities are memory, attention, perception, and executive functioning in patients with anxiety and depression. Impairment in these higher-order cognitive functions can be attributed to age, education, diet, hormonal changes, stress, and prolonged use of drugs/alcohol/ medicines. To address the issues related to cognitive impairment various non-pharmacological therapeutic modalities such as Cognitive remediation approaches viz; cognitive rehabilitation, cognitive stimulation, and cognitive training; Audio-visual entrainment; mindfulness-based interventions; and neurofeedback have come into play in recent years. It is imperative to understand that the ability to test, measure, and monitor cognitive performance along with implementing cognitive remediation approaches viz; cognitive stimulation, cognitive training, etc. across the lifespan helps in early identification, accessing treatments faster, staying healthy for longer, and improving overall quality of life. This article discusses a case study of a client suffering from generalized anxiety disorder and moderate depression who after undergoing and following a novel therapeutic approach, ‘The Cognitome Program’ has shown credible improvement in cognitive abilities, along with a prominent reduction in the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and better psychological and physical well-being. Guided by the concept of neuroplasticity and cognitive plasticity, our innovative neuroscientific holistic program- ‘The Cognitome Program’ empowers unlocking hidden cognitive potential using cutting-edge methodologies and personalized strategies.

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH or pseudotumor cerebri) has two major morbidities: papilledema with visual loss and disabling headache. Intracranial Venous Hypertension (IVH) is a fundamental mechanism of IIH. Although traditionally considered limiting to the central nervous system, evidence suggests IIH as a systemic disease associated with cardiorespiratory disorders, which has been far less comprehended. Case Report: A 60-year-old female with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) was admitted for dyspnea and developed a coma with a pH of 7.01 and pCO2 of 158 mmHg. She was intubated and had persistent nuchal rigidity, a brief myoclonus episode with a negative electroencephalogram, and negative CT head studies. A Lumbar Puncture (LP) revealed elevated opening pressure (35 cmH2O) with normal Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF) studies. Her nuchal rigidity improved after the removal of 40 mL CSF. The ophthalmology examination the next day after her the large volume LP didn’t show visual loss or papilledema. The patient improved clinically and was extubated two days later. Her echocardiogram showed a dilated right ventricle with pulmonary hypertension. The patient was discharged home.Discussion: IIH is different from hypercapnic encephalopathy and characterized by increased intracranial pressure with papilledema, vision loss, and debilitating headache. Hypercapnia-induced increased intracranial venous flow and pulmonary hypertension-caused elevated central venous pressure with consequent outflow resistance lead to IVH. In hypercapnic encephalopathy, the presentation is mostly cognitive changes. In this case, nuchal rigidity with a negative CT head scan triggered the investigation of IIH. Conclusion: A deep understanding of the relationship between COPD and IIH is vital. There is insufficient evidence to recommend routine eye examinations in COPD patients for papilledema and to conduct a pulmonary function test for a newly diagnosed IIH patient. However, we highly suggest a timely ophthalmology exam prior to performing an LP in COPD patients with suspecting IIH to avoid unnecessary procedures and meanwhile improve clinical outcomes.

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of lung cancer cases and is associated with different risk factors (smoking habits, gender, and age). In this scenario, many studies have been conducted to pursue improvement of survival, faster and better therapy response, reduced adverse events, and expanded available therapies and treatments against tumor resistance to drugs. These studies have focused on defining the most prevalent NSCLC biomarkers (EGFR, HER2, ALK, MET, ROS1, BRAF, KRAS G12C, HER3, NTRK, and NRG1) and their actionability. It is noteworthy that expressed kinase receptors can have overlapping mechanisms of activation of different pathways (JAK-STAT, MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and PLC-c), which can lead to the same outcome of cell proliferation, migration, and survival resulting in increased tumor resistance to treatment. This review provides an overview of the latest findings regarding NSCLC treatment, emphasizing particular biomarkers and potential molecularly altered pathways implicated as targeted therapies. Additionally, it explores the clinical significance of the proposed treatments, their implication on progression-free survival, ongoing clinical trials, and their perspective of evolution so far.

Background: Delaying or slowing functional loss is a valuable goal of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) rehabilitation. The mHealth app-based exercise rehabilitation intervention is expected to overcome barriers related to routine care of MS. Due to the ubiquitous presence of smartphones, they offer an excellent opportunity for remote monitoring, scheduled interaction with experts, and instruction for exercise in a home environment. Challenges in MS routine care include forgotten rehabilitation steps, limited access to local MS experts, and internal barriers such as low health literacy, mobility limitations, and fatigue, alongside external obstacles like service availability and transport costs.Objectives: To develop a mHealth app that is user-centered and context-specific for rehabilitation of MS symptoms, and to evaluate its clinical and cost effectiveness in individuals with RRMS.Methods: The proposed research will be conducted in two phases; the first phase (Phase 1a) will be focused on the development of mHealth app content (ReMiT-MS app trial I). The pilot phase (Phase 1b), where a prototype of the application will be designed, and its usability will be evaluated. Finally, in the second phase (Phase 2), the clinical and cost-effectiveness of the ReMiT-MS app for the rehabilitation of individuals with RRMS will be evaluated (ReMiT-MS app trial II).Conclusion: The findings of this proposed trial may provide a telerehabilitation platform for individuals with RRMS in a resource-limited setting and establish a low-cost healthcare delivery model. In addition, the results of this research work might open a new window in healthcare delivery in India and similar settings.Trial registration:  CTRI/2022/09/045266 [Registered on 06/09/2022]

Microbiome-gut-brain axis represents a complex, bidirectional communication network connecting the gastrointestinal tract and its microbial populations with the central nervous system (CNS). This complex system is important for maintaining physiological homeostasis and has significant implications for mental health. The human gut has trillions of microorganisms, collectively termed gut microbiota, which play important roles in digestion, immune function, and production of various metabolites. Some current research shows that these microorganisms strongly influence the brain function and behaviour of individuals, forming the basis of the microbiome-gut-brain axis. The communication between gut microbiota and the brain occurs via multiple pathways: neural pathway (e.g., vagus nerve), endocrine pathway (e.g., hormone production), immune pathway (e.g., inflammation modulation), and metabolic pathway (e.g., production of short-chain fatty acids). Dysbiosis, or imbalance of gut microbiota, has been linked to mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, etc, offering new perspectives on their etiology and potential therapeutic interventions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in interpreting the complexities of the microbiome-gut-brain axis. AI techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning, enable the integration and analysis of large, multifaceted datasets, uncovering patterns and correlations that can be avoided by traditional methods. These techniques enable predictive modeling, biomarker discovery, and understanding of underlying biological mechanisms, enhancing research efficiency and covering ways for personalized therapeutic approaches. The application of AI in microbiome research has provided valuable insights into mental health conditions. AI models have identified specific gut bacteria linked to disease, offered predictive models, and discovered distinct microbiome signatures associated with specific diseases. Integrating AI with microbiome research holds promise for revolutionizing mental health care, offering new diagnostic tools and targeted therapies. Challenges remain, but the potential benefits of AI-driven insights into microbiome-gut-brain interactions are immense and offer hope for innovative treatments and preventative measures to improve mental health outcomes.

Background: The establishment of eye clinics in the form of rural outreach centers as a means of educating and providing eye care to rural residents was made necessary by the lack of eye care services in rural areas within Nigeria and the need to increase the cataract surgical rate among ophthalmologists in training. Understanding patterns of eye diseases in rural areas and eye health-seeking behaviors is crucial to achieving the goals of Vision 2020 especially for aspiring ophthalmologists.Aim and objectives: To examine the types of eye conditions observed at Nenwe, a rural outreach post of a tertiary hospital, and to evaluate their distribution.Methodology: A retrospective analysis of all patients who were seen at the community eye clinic during seven years was carried out. Records of patients at the Nenwe outreach eye clinic dating from November 2016 to August 2023 were examined, yielding information on patients examined during the period of study.Results: Glaucoma was the most common eye condition to be diagnosed. Cataracts were the second most common eye condition accounting for 20.8%. Other common eye illnesses were refractive error (9%), pterygium (7%), and allergic eye disease (6%) with 129, 101, and 95 cases, respectively. Retinal detachment (51 cases), prebyopia (47 cases), corneal lesion (58 cases), and dry eye condition (47 cases) were less common.Conclusion: The results show the burden of eye disorders in the Nenwe rural community and the importance of community-based eye care services.

Based on the results obtained in the study of the interaction of geological and biosphere processes, we found out that there is a close relationship between them. It was also found that the gravity of the bodies of the solar system on the Earth plays a significant role in the above relationship. The effect of gravity was demonstrated on the movement of lithosphere plates, on the processes in the atmosphere and hydrosphere, on related climatic cycles, and the biosphere processes, including "living" organisms' evolution and their mass extinctions. The periodicity of these processes due to gravity is shown. It is expressed in the alternation of short-term orogenic periods of the beginning of the processes with long-term geosynclinal periods of their development and completion. Both periods constitute the repetitive orogenic cycles. The relationship of the cycles with the evolution of photosynthesis, as well as with related Organic Matter (OM) accumulation in sediments after mass extinction of organisms, including OM transformation leading to the formation of Hydrocarbon (HC) accumulations, is shown. Biogenic processes accounting for the accumulation and transformation of organic matter in sediments constitute the biogenic pathway of the formation of hydrocarbon accumulations. It is shown that the influence of gravity extends to the processes in the inner geospheres, including the movement of magma in the asthenosphere under the lithosphere shell, to the movement of hydrogen gas coming from the Earth's core, combining with volatile compounds of elements present in magma, as well as to the rifting process. It is shown that rifting processes lead to the formation of gaseous HC accumulations and constitute a pathway called abiogenic. The obtained results shed light on the peculiarities of the formation of HC accumulations by biogenic and abiogenic pathways, allowing prediction of their chemical characteristics. This is essential when searching for oil and gas and planning exploration works.

Nutrition is the process of supplying the organism with substances that have certain useful characteristics for the organism. It is through the process of nutrition that the organism receives the necessary amount of energy required for normal life activity. The cell is a structural and functional unit of the human body, and it is from a set of similar formations that tissue, organ, and organ systems are formed. Consequently, each cell of the body must receive the necessary supply of nutrients in order to continue its normal functioning. Cellular nutrition is the ability of each cell of the human body to consume nutrient molecules in the amount they need. In this case, the object of the study is just that nutrition, which begins with the nourishment of an individual cell. This article presents the results obtained by analyzing the data regarding the process of making the cell's consumption of the right nutrients while taking into account how the transition to cellular nutrition affects the environment and its constituents.

Introduction: Pneumothorax is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt recognition and therapy to prevent deterioration. Radiologist workload often precludes rapid assessment of the usual diagnostic modality, the chest radiograph, particularly after hours. The aim was to develop a deep learning model using a segmentation-based Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) to detect pneumothorax on chest radiographs to provide rapid and accurate pneumothorax diagnosis.Methods: This is a retrospective study of spontaneous pneumothorax at a single center, containing 130 positive and 70 negative radiographs. Subsequent manual contour mapping was performed to draw a mask of the pneumothorax. These image pairs were used to train a DCNN model (a modified AlexNet) after pretraining on the ImageNet dataset.Results: The DCNN achieved an accuracy of 0.83, with sensitivity of 98.1%, and specificity of 68.5%.Conclusion: This segmentation-based DCNN accuracy is comparable to previous categorization-based CDNN models, despite using a smaller sample size for training, while including the benefits of visual representation for clinician feedback. Segmentation-based DCNNs show promise in the development of accurate and clinically useful models for medical imaging.

Severe alcoholic hepatitis is an ethical and clinical conundrum, wherein a liver transplant is often recommended. The adequacy of medical treatment versus the risk of recidivism after transplant is often debated. Complete recovery in 26 of 27 patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis was observed, and hence the data was retrospectively analysed.Methods: 27 patients, with severe alcoholic hepatitis, with Maddrey's discriminant function between 59.7 to 165.2 (mean 107.53), from June 2017 to May 2022, were followed up for between 11 months to 6 years. INR ranged from 1.99 to 3.7 (mean 2.709), and bilirubin was between 7.6 to 37.01, (mean 20.859). 8 patients had pre-existing liver cirrhosis. All patients received probiotics, nutritional support, physical rehabilitation, saturated fat (clarified butter/ desi ghee) supplementation, and anti-oxidant support. At 90 days, total bilirubin improved to between 1.0 to 6.8 (mean 2.625). ALT (Alanine Transaminase/ SGPT) ranged from 65 to 550 (mean ALT – 197); and AST (Aspartate Transaminase / SGOT) ranged from 58 to 810 (mean AST – 271.51). Both the AST and ALT were near normal after 90 days. One patient died due to bacterial pneumonia and sepsis; the remaining 26 patients made a complete recovery. All patients including those with diagnosed liver cirrhosis, had complete resolution of their ascites, and near-normal liver function. At the last outpatient visit, none had ascites, edema, or encephalopathy, and had normal albumin levels and INR values. Conclusion: Probiotics, nutrition, a saturated fat diet, and exercise; all have shown benefits in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis when tested individually. Concomitant use of all the above has not been reported in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis. The role of nutrition alone versus the contribution of nutritional deficiencies and the role of gut-derived endotoxemia need to be studied in detail. How to identify patients who need a transplant, if it is needed at all, remains a challenge.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relevance of first- and high-order radiomic features derived from Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) maps for predicting treatment response in patients with Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS).Methods: This retrospective study included 33 extremity UPS patients with pre-surgical DWI/ADC and surgical resection. Manual volumetric tumor segmentation was performed on DWI/ADC maps acquired at Baseline (BL), Post-Chemotherapy (PC), and Post-Radiation Therapy (PRT). The percentage of pathology-assessed treatment effect (PATE) in surgical specimens categorized patients into responders (R; PATE ≥ 90%; 16 patients), partial-responders (PR; 89% - 31% PATE; 10 patients), and non-responders (NR; PATE ≤ 30%; 7 patients). 107 radiomic features were extracted from BL, PC, and PRT ADC maps. Statistical analyses compared R vs. PR/NR.Results: Pseudo-progression at PC and universal stability at PRT were observed in R and PR/NR based on RECIST, WHO, and volumetric assessments. At PRT, responders displayed a 35% increase in ADC mean (p = 0.0034), a 136% decrease in skewness (p = 0.0001), and a 363% increase in the 90th percentile proportion (p = 0.0009). Comparing R vs. PR/NR at BL, statistically significant differences were observed in glrlm_highgraylevelrunemphasis (p = 0.0081), glrlm_shortrunhighgraylevelemphasis (p = 0.0138), gldm_highgraylevelemphasis (p = 0.0138), glcm_sumaverage (p = 0.0164), glcm_jointaverage (p = 0.0164), and glcm_autocorrelation (p = 0.0193). At PC, firstorder_meanabsolutedeviation (p = 0.0078), firstorder_interquartilerange (p = 0.0109), firstorder_variance (p = 0.0109),    and firstorder_robustmeanabsolutedeviation (p = 0.0151) provided statistically significant differences.Conclusion: Observing a high post-therapeutic ADC mean, low skewness, and high 90th percentile proportion with respect to baseline is predictive of successfully treated UPS patients presenting > 90% PATE. Highly significant higher-order radiomic results include glrlm-highgraylevelrunemphasis (BL) and first-order-mean absolute deviation (PC).

The β1 receptor is one of the three beta receptors present in the human body, namely β1, β2, and β3. The β1 receptor is predominantly located in the heart, where it plays a crucial role in regulating the heart rate and the force of contraction, thereby increasing the cardiac output and the efficiency of blood pumping throughout the body. This receptor is targeted by a variety of pharmaceutical agents known as beta-blockers, which are commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension, angina, and arrhythmias.The β1 receptor exhibits stereoselectivity, meaning that different enantiomers (chiral molecules) of beta blockers can have varying levels of effectiveness and side effects. This study focuses on the stereoselectivity of the β1 receptor and the clinical implications of this property. It includes an examination of various β1 blockers, such as propranolol (a non-selective beta  blocker), and selective β1 blockers like atenolol, bisoprolol, nebivolol, metoprolol, esmolol, acebutolol, and betaxolol. Each of these drugs has a unique chemical structure, with specific functional groups that contribute to their selective action on the β1 receptor.Furthermore, the β2 receptor, which is mainly present in the bronchi and bronchioles, is responsible for bronchodilation, and the β3 receptor, found in the bladder, helps reduce urinary urgency. Understanding the distinct locations and functions of these receptors allows for the development of targeted therapies with minimal off-target effects.This review highlights the importance of stereoselectivity in the development and use of β1 blockers, discussing their chemical structures, pharmacological activities, and therapeutic uses. It also explores the potential for future research and development of more selective and effective β1 receptor agonists and antagonists, which could offer improved therapeutic outcomes for patients with cardiovascular diseases.This study underscores the significant role of the β1 receptor in cardiovascular health and provides insights into the ongoing advancements in beta-blocker therapy. By delving into the stereoselectivity and specific actions of these drugs, the research aims to enhance the understanding and optimization of β1 receptor-targeted treatments in clinical practice.