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Post-translational modification (PTM) refers to the covalent and enzymatic modification of proteins during or after protein biosynthesis. In the protein biosynthesis process, the ribosomal mRNA is translated into polypeptide chains, which may further undergo PTM to form the product of mature protein [1]. PTM is a common biological mechanism of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, which regulates the protein functions, the proteolytic cleavage of regulatory subunits or the degradation of entire proteins and affects all aspects of cellular life. The PTM of a protein can also determine the cell signaling state, turnover, localization, and interactions with other proteins [2]. Therefore, the analysis of proteins and their PTMs are particularly important for the study of heart disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes [3,4]. Although the characterization of PTMs gets invaluable insight into the cellular functions in etiological processes, there are still challenges. Technically, the major challenges in studying PTMs are the development of specific detection and purification methods.

Just as an individual is expected to control his/her debt-to-asset ratio, so is a government expected to control its national debt as a function of the country’s wealth, measured e.g. by its gross domestic product/GDP [1]. 

This study aimed to investigate the effects of colchicine treatment on the reproductive traits and grain yield of two species of Acha, Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua. Colchicine, a mitotic inhibitor, is known for inducing polyploidy and altering plant characteristics. The study focused on evaluating number of spikes, spike length, number of seeds per spike, and grain yield per hectare. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment groups included colchicine-treated plants at varying concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20 g/dL) and control plants (untreated). The colchicine treatment involved the soaking of both Acha species in the colchicine solution for a period of 24 hours. While the control groups were soaked in distilled water. The results showed that colchicine treatment significantly affected the agronomic traits and grain yield of both Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua. Colchicine treatment led to an increase in the number of spikes (5.80 and 9.90 for D. exilis and D. iburua respectively), spike length (13.60 cm and 19.50 cm for D. exilis and D. iburua respectively), and number of seeds per spike (168.30 and 253.30 for D. exilis and D. iburua respectively), compared to the control group. Additionally, the grain yield per hectare was significantly higher (427.80gha-1 and 2126.70gha-1 for D. exilis and D. iburua respectively) in the colchicine-treated group. These findings suggest that colchicine treatment can effectively enhance the agronomic traits and grain yield of both Digitaria exilis and Digitaria iburua. The induced polyploidy through colchicine treatment likely contributed to the observed improvements in plant productivity. Further research is warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms and to optimize the colchicine treatment protocol for Acha cultivation and improvement.

Foreign bodies of the esophagus are part of the traumatic emergencies in ENT. They are most often encountered in children, whereas in adults they occur in a particular context and are rarely overlooked.This was a 48-year-old patient from a neighboring country referred by a colleague for a history of neglected laryngeal contusion with infectious cervical fistula evolving for 2 years. Further questioning revealed a notion of accidental ingestion of dentures. The first endoscopy was of capital interest in especially in the diagnosis and management of this long-retained foreign body. The extraction under general anesthesia was done by a combined endoscopic and external approach. The postoperative course was marked by superinfection and swallowing disorders.Cervical suppurations secondary to esophageal foreign bodies are rare, especially in adults. Clinicians should consider this possibility in the face of any chronic cervical suppuration that resists treatment.

Pachydermoperiostosis, also known as Primary Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy (PHO), is a rare genetic disorder. The three main features are: enlarged fingertips (clubbing), thickened facial skin (pachydermia), and excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis). PHO is characterized by problems with skin and bone growth. Patients with PHO usually have coarse facial features with oily, thick, grooved skin on the face, joint pain, enlarged fingertips and toes, and hyperhidrosis of the hands and feet. Symptoms vary individually; however, men generally present with more severe manifestations. X-rays can help check for features that are not noticeable to the naked eye. There are two genes that are associated with PHO: the HPGD gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 4 at 4q34.1, and the SLCO2A1 gene, located on the long arm of chromosome 3 at 3q22.1 - q22.2. Mutations in the HPGD gene are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and the condition is sometimes abbreviated as PHOAR1 or Touraine-Solente-Gole syndrome.

Water resources play an integral part in the life of a living being. The various water resources that are present on the earth’s surface are in the form of oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, ponds, waterfalls etc. Among these water resources Lakes and reservoirs are vital for people’s life, industrial activities and many other day to day activities. These water resources help in obtaining water for drinking after being treated. They also provide water for agriculture and industrial usage, fishery resource, flood control functions and many other activities. Due to the closed nature of lakes’, the waste material from sewage, agricultural effluents, domestic and industrial fields, gets accumulated around the surface of these water resources and once the water gets polluted, it gets strenuous to improve the quality of the water. In the study, the authors have examined different effective ways by which the quality of lake water can be improved.

The Coal conveyor system forms an integral part in Thermal Power plant owing to the fact that the overall efficiency of the plant is dependent on the rate at which the coal is carried to the crusher unit. But, as of now, only manual labors are employed to regularly monitor the operation of conveyor system which is highly risky. Hence, by means of a Microcontroller like PIC makes the controlling process much easier. The flaws that occur in the conveyor system are mostly due to the temperature at which the coal is carried and also due to the attrition in the belt. By means of a Temperature sensor and an IR sensor this could be regularly monitored and during any abnormal situation, this initiate Cooling fan in case of high temperature and signals an alarm whenever there is any fault in the system.

Ethnomedicine, synonymous with traditional medicine, is a crucial healthcare system practiced by various ethnic groups worldwide, especially among those with limited access to modern Western medicine. This study explores the rich bio-cultural diversity of the North Central Western Ghats in Karnataka, India, which harbors diverse ethnomedicinal practices. The region's tropical forests are home to an extensive array of plant species, with over 600 endemic to southern India and 95 exclusively endemic to Karnataka. The research focuses on documenting and analyzing the traditional knowledge of local communities regarding the use of plants for treating various human diseases. However, this task presents significant challenges and requires collaborative efforts from the government, NGOs, and Herbal Drug Companies. Over the last decade, ethnomedicinal studies have seen a rise, but there is still limited understanding of ethnomedicine's role in the traditional healthcare system in India. The forests of North Central Western Ghats, including Agumbe, Arbail Ghat, Chorla Betta, and others, exhibit a combination of deciduous and evergreen vegetation. These forests hold a variety of medicinal plants, adding to the region's bio-cultural richness. Scientific validation of the locally used ethnomedicinal plants further supports the development of herbal drug formulations with the support of the Ministry of Ayush, enabling the conservation and sustainable utilization of threatened and endangered species. The study emphasizes the importance of preserving traditional healers' knowledge and promoting collaboration for the preservation of ethnomedicinal practices in the region.

Background & objectives: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contains valuable genetic information and plays a crucial role in missing person investigations, mass disasters, and forensic cases involving limited or degraded biological material. mtDNA is maternally inherited, with a highly variable control region divided into three hypervariable regions are generally used for forensic investigation. This study aimed to evaluate maternal inheritance patterns of mtDNA using PCR-RFLP techniques to confirm maternal relatedness. Method: The study was designed after prior permission from the institute’s ethical committee in which subjects were enrolled. This pilot study analyzed 50 voluntary participants (mother-child pairs). DNA was extracted from blood or saliva, and the mtDNA hypervariable region (HV region) was amplified by PCR using specific primers for the HV1 region. The amplified fragments (1024 bp) were subjected to RFLP analysis using seven restriction endonucleases (Alu I, BsuR I (Hae III), Hinf I, HsYF31 (Dde I), Mbo I, Rsa I, and SsPI) to reveal morphotypes. Results: The study identified five morphotypes for Alu I, three for BsuR I (Hae III) and Rsa I, two for Hinf I, and one each for HsYF31 (Dde I), Mbo I, and SsPI. There was minimal genetic polymorphism in the hypervariable region among unrelated individuals, but consistent restriction patterns were observed between mothers and their children in same pair. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the low genetic polymorphism in the hypervariable region among unrelated individuals and consistent restriction patterns within maternal pairs, underscoring mtDNA's utility in forensic and genealogical applications. 

Purpose of the study:  To evaluate the performance of Best Practice Recommendation (BPR) compliance in reporting abdominal aortic aneurysm findings on imaging, comparing the results before and after its deployment.Methods: Best Practice Recommendations for AAA were deployed in 2020 at a large radiology practice site. Reports between January 2018 through October 2022 were reviewed, representing studies read prior to and subsequent to the implementation of the reporting standards. Cases of abdominal aortic aneurysms ≥ 2.6 cm were counted by year. Adherence to the BPR for each year was calculated as [total number of confirmed cases of ≥ 2.6 cm AAAs with compliant reports] * 100 / [the total number of confirmed ≥ 2.6 cm AAAs]. A secondary analysis was performed to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference in the proportion of BPR-compliant reports for AAA cases before (from 2018 to 2019) and after (from 2020 to 2022) BPR deployment using a chi-square test. Results: From January 2018 to December 2022, there were 8,693 reports referencing AAA. After excluding cases of suspected AAA (N = 2,131), confirmed AAAs with indeterminate sizes (N = 103), and confirmed AAAs with sizes < 2.6 cm (N = 85), the number of AAA cases ≥ 2.6 cm in size was 6,374. Concordance with the BPR standards for the remaining cases with sizes ≥ 2.6 cm were 1.6% and 4.1% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Post-implementation of BPRs, there was a substantial improvement in guideline adherence to 32.1%, 84.3%, and 83.6% in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. In general, the proportion of BPR-compliant reports of AAA cases in the pre-deployment (3.6%) period statistically differs (p - value < 0.0001) from those in the post-deployment period (73.9%)Conclusion: Adherence to reporting standards increased after the BPR deployment in 2020. The inclusion of management recommendations in the radiology report when AAA is identified is a simple and cost-effective way of improving outcomes for patients with AAAs through appropriate follow-up treatment.