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Background: Fingerprint development techniques are being used for a long time and are considered one among the oldest methods in forensic science used to identify suspects. Fingerprints are one of the most significant types of physical evidence. There are various types of fingerprint patterns such as visible, plastic and latent. In criminal investigation cases, chance fingerprint impressions are mostly found at the crime scene. These prints are generally invisible and therefore require several development methods. The powder dusting technique of developing fingerprints involves the application of fine powder on the impression of the print with the help of a brush such as glass fiber or a camel hair brush. Main text: This paper rather focuses on various unconventional powder methods than the widely used conventional ones. This will help identify other cheaper, non-toxic powders that are commonly available as an alternative to the expensive, toxic ones. The author’s main aim is to provide a collective review of the work of other scientists in order to identify everyday materials, commonly available that can be used as possible means to develop a fingerprint impression. Conclusion: For a better result, the unconventional powder is used on different surfaces i.e. porous, non-porous, and semi-porous for latent fingerprint impressions. After developing impressions on different surfaces, we conclude our result that unconventional powder is very useful. 

Background: Varied clinical manifestations, complex pathogenesis, and different viral serotypes make it difficult to predict the course of dengue disease. Many studies have been conducted on the prognostic factors for the occurrence of dengue shock syndrome (SSD), but all use the 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Aim: This study aims to determine the prognostic factors for the occurrence of SSD based on WHO guidelines in 2011. Method: Retrospective study using medical record data of pediatric patients aged 0 to <18 years with a diagnosis of dengue fever dengue (DHF), SSD, and expanded dengue syndrome (EDS) that meet WHO criteria in 2011 at the reputable database from 2017 to December 2020. Independent variables, namely gender, age, nutritional status, secondary dengue infection, leukopenia, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatomegaly, and plasma leakage. Shock is the dependent variable. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression analysis. Results: Subjects who met the study criteria were 145 patients, 52 (35.8%) of whom had SSD. Five of 52 SSD patients went into shock during hospitalization. The bivariate analysis yielded significant factors including, malnutrition, overnutrition and obesity, gastrointestinal bleeding, hemoconcentration, ascites, leukocytes 5,000 mm 3, encephalopathy, enzyme elevation heart, and overload. The results of multivariate analysis showed that hemoconcentration variables and elevated liver enzymes were factors of SSD Prognosis. Conclusion: Hemoconcentration and elevated liver enzymes are prognostic factors for SSD. 

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is the forefront disorder of the bone marrow among others that disrupt the normal production of blood cells and platelets. The bone marrow microenvironment or the bone marrow niche (BM niche) that orchestrates the proliferation and survival of Leukaemic stem cells (LSC) is the reason for relapse after complete remission and also chemotherapy drug resistance. As for most cancers oxidative phosphorylation, a fundamental mitochondrial process of energy production, is under focus for the treatment of AML and a novel strategy of targeting heat shock proteins appears as a promising route for further research.

Background: Measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is as important as metabolic control in the management and prevention of diabetes-related complications. Aim: To describe the self-reported HRQOL outcomes in Ghanaian children and adolescents with T1DM compared with healthy controls and perceived HRQOL by caregivers.Setting: Out-patient clinics of the Departments of Child Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, Family Medicine, and Ophthalmology, the National Diabetes Management and Research Centre (all at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital), and the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH).Methods: Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants were documented. Participants completed the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Data analysis was done with SPSS Version 25.0. An unpaired t-test was used in comparing the HRQOL scores between children and adolescents with T1DM and controls, and parental proxy reports. Results: Fifty children and adolescents with T1DM, 50 parents/caregivers, and 80 healthy non-diabetic controls took part in this study. There was no significant difference in mean score between the patients and the caregivers for overall HRQOL (p = 0.270). Patients reported significantly worse overall HRQOL than their controls (p = 0.001). Males with diabetes reported better HRQOL than females (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Children and adolescents with T1DM and their parents/caregivers reported lower HRQOL scores compared to healthy controls. Males reported better HRQOL than females. Potential implications: HRQOL should be routinely assessed together with proxy reports from parents to identify those who might benefit from further attention including referral to a psychologist.

Gliomas are known to be one of the most grievous malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors and have a high mortality rate with a low survival rate severe disability and increase risk of recurrence. Aim of his study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in differentiating low-grade and high-grade gliomas, taking histopathology as the gold standard. It is a Cross-sectional validation study conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, (AFIRI) Rawalpindi, Pakistan from 28th February 2022 to 27th August 2022.Materials and methods: A total of 215 patients with focal brain lesions of age 25-65 years of either gender were included. Patients with a cardiac pacemaker, breastfeeding females, de-myelinating lesions and malignant infiltrates, and renal failure were excluded. Then diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed on each patient by using a 1.5 Tesla MR system. The area of greatest diffusion restriction (lowest ADC) within the solid tumor component was identified while avoiding areas of peritumoral edema. Results of ADC were interpreted by a consultant radiologist (at least 5 years of post-fellowship experience) for high or low-grade glioma. After this, each patient has undergone a biopsy in the concerned ward, and histopathology results were compared with ADC findings. Results: Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in differentiating low- and high-grade gliomas, taking histopathology as the gold standard was 93.65%, 87.64%, 91.47%, 90.70% and 91.16% respectively. Conclusion: This study concluded that apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is the non-invasive modality of choice with high diagnostic accuracy in differentiating low- and high-grade gliomas.

A 66-year-old patient, diagnosed κ light chains MM with t(11;14), presented before second cycle with bendamustine-dexamethasone. A complete remission was initially obtained with bortezomib-cyclophosphamide-dexamethasone and autologous HSCT. After relapse, he was successively treated with bortezomib-dexamethasone, carfilzomib-dexamethasone, daratumumab-dexamethasone and benda-mustine-dexamethasone.

Background: Worldwide, obesity in adolescents is an epidemiological concern. Overweight and obesity are associated with comorbidities in adult life, such as increased risk of hypertension and other non-communicable diseases. This study investigated possible differences between traditional lipid markers and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions in a population-wide representative sample of Brazilian adolescents. Methods: The individuals included in the study comprise a subsample of the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo (ISA-Capital 2015). LDL and HDL particle sizes were determined by the Lipoprint® System (Quantimetrix Corporation). Results: 272 Brazilian adolescents with a mean age of 15.2 ± 2.2 years, of which 47.8% (n = 130) are boys. Analysis of LDL subfractions showed an increase in LDL 2 content in girls (5.7% vs. 5.1%; p = 0.047). This result was associated with a higher content of large LDL in girls (17.8% vs. 13.5%; p < 0.001) and a significant, lower content of small LDL (1.7% vs. 3.4%; p = 0.002). When obesity was considered, we observed that regardless of being overweight, girls had higher large and small LDL than boys. However, when a large to small LDL ratio was calculated, girls with no excess weight had higher values than boys with no excess weight (10.6 vs. 9.3; p = 0.038), and these had lower LDL ratio than overweight boys (9.3 vs. 13.5; p = 0.016). On the other hand, boys had higher HDL 2 content than girls (8.9% vs. 8.0%; p = 0.017), which was associated with increased large HDL values in boys (1.9% vs. 1.7%; p = 0.047). Regression analysis was performed according to gender, the sum of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) + intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) C + IDL B subfractions was adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI), showing that girls had lower atherogenic lipid profile (β = 0.987; CI = 0.977-0.998; p = 0.017) than boys. When the regression analysis was performed according to BMI, large LDL in adolescents with no excess weight presented a lower atherogenic lipid profile (β = 1.040; CI = 1.000-1.082; p = 0.049), adjusted for age and sex, than overweight adolescents.Conclusion: Regardless of excess weight, girls showed a cardioprotective profile more associated with a favorable distribution of LDL subfractions than boys, reinforcing the relevance of evaluating qualitative aspects of lipoproteins in addition to the traditional cholesterol content.

From my desk I could be watching the wind blow or the horses running. Practicing Medicine in a rural setting has these advantages: from time to time you can take the time to admire the beauty that surrounds you in the form of an obligatory pause within a marathon working day, and rest helps refresh your mind of prejudices to continue with the inescapable task that awaits us after a few minutes, the only ones allowed to order our thoughts.

To study the effect of square stepping exercise and balance exercise to improve balance impairment and reducing the fear of falling on Parkinsonism patient. This is a pre-test and post-test experimental design comparative in nature. Subject aged between 60 – 70 years having Parkinson’s disease were included for the study. Group A (15 subjects) participated in square stepping exercise for 5 times in a week for 4 weeks and Group B (15 subjects) participated in balance exercise for 5 times in a week for 4 weeks. The outcome was measured by using Berg balance scale, Time up and go (TUG) test and fall efficacy scale. Statistical analysis done by using pair ‘t’ test and unpair ‘t’ test showed that there is significant improvement in subject who underwent the square stepping exercise program compared to balance exercise on fear of fall and balance in parkinsonism patients. It is concluded that square stepping exercise group exhibited statistically significant improvement in Berg Balance Scale, Time up and Go test score and fall efficacy test score compared to the balance training exercise group.

The gold standard for advanced-stage ovarian cancer surgery entails exploration via a midline vertical laparotomy. Studies have shown that minimally invasive surgery (MIS) can be a safe and effective method for the surgical management of early ovarian cancer. In some cases, MIS can also be selectively used for cytoreductive surgery in cases with advanced-stage ovarian cancer. The robotic platform has the potential to provide similar outcomes to the laparotomy-based standard of care in advanced complex surgery while accelerating recovery, minimizing morbidity, and reducing perioperative complications. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate surgical and perioperative outcomes in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma who underwent robotic-assisted cytoreduction. A chart review of a nonselected consecutive series of all patients undergoing surgical management of advanced ovarian cancer between 7/1/2017 and 12/31/2021 was conducted. All patients that were diagnosed with Stage III to IV ovarian cancer between the timeframe underwent robotic-assisted cytoreductive surgery at two urban community teaching hospitals in Los Angeles. Twenty-five patients were identified and included in this study. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. Optimal or complete CRS was achieved in 96% of the patients (24 of 25 cases). Seven (28%) underwent primary cytoreduction (PCRS) and 18 (72%) underwent interval cytoreduction (ICRS). The estimated median blood loss was 100 mL (25-500 mL), the median operative time was 5.9 hours (3.1-10.5 hours), and the conversion rate to open laparotomy was 0%. There were no intraoperative complications and the readmission rate within 30 days was 4% (1 patient) for ileus, which was managed conservatively. Currently, 64% of the patients in the case series remain alive. The median survival has not been reached. The median follow-up is 4.08 years. Results presented from this nonselected, consecutive case series illustrate how a minimally invasive robotic approach can be safely used in place of the standard exploratory laparotomy for ovarian cytoreduction.