The Effects of Pharmacological Carbonic Anhydrase Suppression on Defence Responses of Potato Leaves To Phytophthora Infestans
Published on: 3rd March, 2017
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 7286357029
In this study we proposed carbonic anhydrase (CA) as an important element of basal resistance during the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)-Phytophthora infestans interaction. We found a different β-CA expression pattern in incompatible vs. compatible systems correlated in time with CA enzyme activity. Resistant potato leaves supplied with dorzolamide (an inhibitor of carbonate CA activity) and challenged with the pathogen showed an elevated nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, which was the most evident during the early phase of NO burst (at 3 hpi) during hypersensitive response (HR). In vitro application of dorzolamide and effective inhibitors of NO synthesis confirmed the implication of CA activity in NO metabolism during potato defense. To clarify how suppression of CA carbonate activity translates into the complexity of NO-related responses leading to potato resistance or susceptibility to an oomycete pathogen we analysed expression of NPR, PR1, and PAL.
Taken together, pharmacological damping of CA activity revealed a functional link between CA and NO-dependent signaling in potato defense against P. infestans manifested by accelerated NO formation and a modified salicylic acid defense pathway. The dorzolamide-mediated effective responses for basal resistance also delayed symptoms of late blight in the susceptible potato cultivar, without overcoming HR formation in the resistant one.
Antagonistic features displayed by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): A Review
Published on: 2nd June, 2017
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 7286429206
Soil dwelling bacteria able to colonize plant roots and closely associated soil are referred to as rhizobacteria. A wide range of rhizobacteria has the ability to promote plant growth directly by producing phytohormone and nutrients; and indirectly by controlling plant pathogen. These beneficial bacteria are known as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR control phytopathogens by producing chemicals that could damage pathogen cells, removing pathogen specific nutrients from the environment, or inducing resistance against pathogen in plant body. Antagonistic bacteria specifically damage pathogens by producing lytic enzymes, antibiotics and bacteriocins; and excluding pathogen from plant environment by siderophores oriented iron chelation. This review highlights the antagonistic feature of PGPR. Application of antagonistic bacteria as biopesticides is an attractive alternate of chemical pesticides. Chemical pesticides are non-targeted and cause pollution during its synthesis as well as at the site of application. Antagonistic bacteria could be used as biopesticides and biofertilizers for better plant health and growth improvement.
Physiological impact of Zinc nanoparticle on germination of rice (Oryza sativa L) seed
Published on: 29th August, 2017
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 7286344217
Nanoparticles affects growth and development of Plant. Zinc is an important micronutrient that regulates various physiological responses in plant. Application of nanoparticles for modulating plants physiological response is a recent practice. Zinc nanoparticles has been widely used in industry for several decades. However, no significant work had been made on its potential use in agriculture. Understanding physiological effect of Zn NP on rice seed germination could suggest the basis for its prospective application in agriculture to improve plant growth. In the present experiment effect of Zn NP was studied in Kmj-6-1-1 which is a commonly growing rice cultivar of Karimganj district of Assam, India. An exposure to Zn NP (0 mg/L, 5mg/L,10mg/L, 15mg/L, 20mg/L & 50mg/L) caused significant changes in radicle and plumule length , mass ( fresh & dry mass) and seed moisture content in rice. Antioxidant enzymes like guaiacol peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and gluthathione reductase (GR) also increased due to ZnNP treatment. This suggest that Zn NP may significantly alters antioxidant metabolism during rice seed germination. In conclusion, Zn NP protected rice plants from ROS damage by improving levels of antioxidant enzyme activities during germination. As a consequence the Zn NP treated seeds, showed better potential for germination. Further, genomic analysis of germinating rice seeds are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which Zn NP modulates germination process in rice.
Seasonal Influenza in Morocco
Published on: 18th September, 2025
Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae family. Influenza virus cell culture consists of inoculating viral isolates on an MDCK cell layer. The objective of this work is to describe the role of cell culture in influenza virus subtyping during the 2023/2024 influenza epidemic at the Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital - Rabat.This is a prospective descriptive study carried out at the Virology laboratory of the HMIMV in Rabat, during the 2023/2024 influenza epidemic season (between October and May). It included all samples from patients positive for influenza viruses by the respiratory PCR test. Of the 86 samples positive by PCR, 36 were selected for viral culture.Cell culture allowed the isolation of the virus from the original sample, thus producing a sufficient quantity for further antigenic and genetic characterization, allowing the subtyping of circulating strains.The results showed a predominance of influenza A(H3N2) with 35 cases out of 36 compared to influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 with only 1 case.Cell culture also makes it possible to assess the sensitivity of isolated viral strains to antiviral molecules and to detect the emergence of resistance. Thus, it plays an important role in virological surveillance and in alerting to the event of the appearance of new viruses.
Avermectins: The promising solution to control plant parasitic nematodes
Published on: 13th September, 2019
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 8282451461
Abamectin and emamectin are members of avermectin family which categorized as very effective but in the same time are toxic naturally. Most of products in this family are utilized as pharmaceuticals in both humans & animals and for crop protection. Despite avermectins are having complex chemical structures, but they are produced via synthesis in large scales for commercial use. Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause severe damages in all parts of their host plants, in addition to yield losses. The available strategies to control PPN include use of insecticides/nematicides but these have proved detrimental to environment and human health. Therefore, this scenario gave an opportunity for the utilization of avermectins (abamectin and emamectin) to control plant parasitic nematodes because of their chemical and biological properties, as well as relative safety. Avermectins have short half-lives and their residues can be eliminated easily through different food processing methods. Both abamectin and emamectin were very effective nematicides which proved capability of reducing PPNs significantly in various crops.
Prevalence of West Nile Virus among Sudanese Participants in Gezira State
Published on: 22nd September, 2025
West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne pathogen belonging to the Flavivirus genus (family Flaviviridae), is primarily responsible for West Nile fever. In rare cases (< 1% of infections), it can lead to West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND), which carries an approximate fatality rate of 10%. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess WNV exposure among residents of Gezira State, Sudan, from 2019 to 2022. A total of 400 participants were included, with 5 mL of blood collected from each—2 mL in an EDTA tube and 3 mL in a plain container. Plasma and serum were separated via centrifugation, and WNV-specific IgG and IgM antibodies were detected using ELISA. The results revealed that 62.25% (249 cases) tested positive for WNV-IgG antibodies, while 37.75% (151 cases) were negative. None of the samples showed detectable WNV-IgM antibodies. Statistical analysis indicated no significant association between WNV-IgG seropositivity and age or gender (p = 0.060 and p = 0.117, respectively). However, significant correlations were observed with marital status and education level (p < 0.05). The study highlights the need for ongoing surveillance of WNV and other vector-borne diseases in the region to identify active West Nile Virus infections. Public health efforts should prioritize mosquito control measures, community education, and awareness campaigns about WNV symptoms and prevention.
Neurocognitive Effects of Prolonged Virtual Consultation (Zoom Fatigue) in Clinicians
Published on: 6th October, 2025
With the rapid shift to telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians have faced unprecedented demands in adapting to prolonged virtual consultations. This has given rise to “Zoom fatigue,” a form of mental and emotional exhaustion associated with extended video-based interactions. While the Zoom Exhaustion and Fatigue Scale (ZEFS) has been widely applied in studies involving students and office workers, there is limited research on its relevance to clinicians. Physicians, in particular, often conduct hours of uninterrupted virtual patient care, which can potentially lead to significant neurocognitive strain. This study explores the impact of prolonged virtual consultations on clinician well-being, employing ZEFS alongside the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) to assess emotional and cognitive outcomes. Findings suggest that the increased cognitive load, reduced non-verbal communication, and digital interface stress contribute to higher levels of fatigue, anxiety, and dissatisfaction, highlighting the urgent need for systemic support and ergonomic telehealth practices.
Analysis of factors influencing participation of farm households in watermelon production in some selected local government areas of Sokoto State, Nigeria
Published on: 28th February, 2020
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 8930822971
The study analyzed the factors influencing participation of farm households’ in watermelon production in the study areas. Three local government areas out of Sokoto state were purposively selected. Questionnaire was used to collect data. Multistage of sampling techniques were used to arrive at the sample size of 181 farm households’ for the study. Likert scale is used to analyze the level of participation of farm households’, frequency and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that (55.8%) of the farm households are within the ages of 25-30 years, majority (96.7%) are male It shows that majority (64.0%) of the farm households participated in watermelon production as a result of higher income generated. Multiple regression analysis result revealed significant relationships between farm household’s participation in watermelon production and their socio-economic characteristics at p < 0.05. The constraints faced by the farm households are storage technology and improved agricultural inputs. Most (63.5%) of the farm households believed that provision of subsidized agricultural inputs and market accessibility are forms of assistance that will encourages farm households to partake in watermelon production. It is recommended that government and donor agencies should encourage farm households’ by providing them with the modern agricultural inputs so as to influence them to participate fully into watermelon production irrespective of their Socio-economic differences.
Natural infection of squash fruits (Cucurbita pepo) by Zucchini Yellow Mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV) in Alexandria governorate
Published on: 20th April, 2020
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 8586051082
An isolate of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) was obtained from naturally infected squash fruits were grown in Abees region, Alexandria governorate. Disease symptoms were Showing mosaic, yellowing and blistering and absis symptoms. The identification was based on the symptoms developed on diagnostic hosts and serological reactions with antisera to cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), watermelon mosaic potyvirus 2 (WMV-2) and ZYMV. Squash fruit isolate of ZYMV was transmitted by Aphis gossypii, Aphis neri and Myzus persicae in non-persistent manner. The virus was purified by ultra-centrifugation and PEG. The purified virus had an ultraviolet absorption spectrum typical of a nucleoprotein with A260/280 and A280/260 being 1.1 and 0.91 respectively. The yield of purified virus was 1.62 mg/100g infected leaf tissues. Specific antiserum was prepared and found to have a titer of 1:409600 as determined by indirect ELISA.
Antifungal activity of epecific plant essential oils against fusarium graminearum
Published on: 31st October, 2020
OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 8872656156
fusarium graminearum is one of the most popular phytopathogens of cereals worldwide. F. graminearum is the major causal agent of head blight of wheat and barley. Disease-resistant cultivar development, antagonistic microorganism usage and fungicide treatment are the most common strategies in head blight management strategies. However, these methods have some important disadvantages. The use of plant-derived essential oil against F. graminearum seems to be a promising approach due to the recent researches. This review summarizes the potential use of essential oils to fight against F. graminearum.
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