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The current study included a variety of phytochemical substances that were extracted from Centaurium pulchellum and showed a wide range of medicinal properties from the plant's reproductive and vegetative parts against the pathogenic fungus Aspergillus flavus. The vegetative and reproductive components of Centaurium pulchellum were subjected to (GC-MS) analysis for phytochemical study. The data indicated that fungal activity was the highest. Four extract concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/ml were utilized in the investigation, and the diameter of the colonies measured at each concentration was 90.00, 36.00, 28.00, 18.00, and 0.00 mm, respectively.Nine bioactive phytochemical compounds were found in Centaurium pulchellum's vegetative and reproductive portions, according to GC-MS analysis of the chemicals. Another study reported phytochemical substances that: 1-H-Imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde, 1-methyl-;Acetaminophen; n-Hexadecanoic acid; Mercaptoacetic acid, 2TMS derivative; 1.2,3-Dimethyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,4-benzenediol #; Mercaptoethanol, 2TMS derivative-; Bis-(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) phthalate Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl) orthosilicate #;- 1.1-Isopropoxy-3,3,3-trimethyl-1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]disiloxanyl tris(trimethylsilyl) orthosilicate #.

Cystoid Macular Oedema (CMO) is a condition characterized by fluid accumulation in the macular region of the retina, leading to the formation of cyst-like spaces. This edema often results in visual impairment and is associated with various ocular and systemic conditions, including surgery, inflammation, or medication use. The authors present a case where Cystoid Macular Oedema (CMO) occurred after commencing topical bimatoprost in a pseudophakic patient with primary open angle glaucoma. The macular oedema was treated effectively with a combination of non-steroidal and steroidal topical drops. This case report shows a possible correlation between bimatoprost and CMO, in a patient with no recent confounding risk factors known to contribute to CMO . The recommendation from this report is that all patients treated with topical bimatoprost drops should have a baseline macula OCT examination and a repeated OCT examination 8 weeks after initiation of treatment, to facilitate early detection of CMO.

Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (AHSCT) performed after induction therapy is the standard of care for newly diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (MM) patients who qualify. Our institution has performed AHSCT for MM since 1991, and in this study, we sought to retrospectively examine the outcomes of 303 MM patients who underwent AHSCT from 1991-2021. We focused on Overall Survival (OS) and Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in patients in addition to Landmark survival (1-year post-transplantation). We found that in elderly patients > 70 years of age there was no significant difference in OS at 12 years, with 51% for patients < 70 years of age and 50% > 70; these were the same numbers for PFS at 12 years as well. We also found that median overall survival is improving overall with each decade in our transplanted MM patients with patient survival improved to over > 80% regardless of age at 7 years, when the previous median overall survival was 6 - 6.6 years before 2001. Given our findings, supported by others, we show that survival is continually improving over time in MM AHSCT patients and that AHSCT can be performed safely with equivalent landmark and long-term PFS and OS in patients of advanced age.

Telemedicine has become widely used, primarily following or during the COVID pandemic. However, it was used a long time ago in specific cases, like submarines and space. Telemedicine has been developed to facilitate diagnosis and treatment in areas without physicians, either because the area is isolated without a medical doctor (as in submarines and space) or because we need expertise. This article is a review using studies selected via PubMed to collect generic knowledge on some technical details on both sides: Earth and Space, where telemedicine activity is regularly provided. The goal was to compare tools, data collected, and ways of improvement in each area. As experienced on both sides, indeed, the author has already worked in the spaceflight area with astronauts as well as doing teleconsultations with patients nowadays, which allows us to see how we could improve the way we are doing teleconsultation on Earth by teaching the users as done with the astronauts in the pre-flight period. It seems telemedicine will still be mandatory for a while because as seen in many countries even out of the scope of isolated area (or very difficult to be accessed (like mountains, desert …), more and more small cities and even bigger are lacking general practitioner (GP) as well as some specialists. Taking into account the time needed to have a functional doctor (for a GP mainly 8 years and for specialists longer, up to 12 years), telemedicine should improve and take a real place in the health system. This review gives a few definitions, also the term telehealth or e-health is widely used. It refers to the use of an internet communication system to transmit data, receive data, communicate in real time, and guide and provide healthcare services to the patient remotely. Improvements in technologies have mainly been done for Earth applications, and tools are becoming smaller and more resistant. The different purposes of using telemedicine are increasing nowadays, and it is not used only because of a lack of physicians but to teach remotely and avoid travel, as well as to have direct access /advice with a specialist. We can find a lot of reasons to use it. Living in space is a real challenge for the human body used to gravity. As explained in a lot of reviews, the body in space loses bone, muscle, and has changes in heart volume and excitability. All the body systems will suffer from microgravity. Other factors impacting the body in space are the high level of ionized radiation, plus isolation. This is why, since the beginning of space flight, the so-called flight surgeon (more GP of the astronaut than a surgeon) is using telemedicine with the astronauts to prevent disease and, in case a medical event happens, to help the astronaut receive a diagnosis and efficient treatment. The actual ISS, International Space Station, allows real-time communication with the astronauts. This will be used for direct discussion or conferences to check the medical/psychological/fitness status. In other cases, remote access can always be done to communicate pictures or movies to provide advice on health or science. Furthermore, some medical tests will be done to guide the astronauts because some tools need real expertise to be interpreted correctly. In that case, eye exam is a good example: an astronaut uses devices following the recommendation of the specialist based on the NASA Console in Houston. Of course, new improvements are needed to facilitate the next challenges of spaceflight, also going a step further beyond LEO (Low Earth Orbit), like doing an interplanetary trip and going to Mars. In that next scenario, to allow the mission where the Earth will not be seen anymore, when the real-time exchange will not be feasible, a new autonomy of the astronauts will be required. As on Earth, space with all technologies like satellite is not only used as for direct health care facility with the astronauts but also in a more preventive way. It is possible to follow changes on the ground, climate changes too, as a witness to a possible new epidemic, and another specific use is to help in locating people. Finally, we see how the way telemedicine is done in space could help improve telemedicine on the ground. First of all, we could improve telemedicine in many ways on Earth for classical consultation by increasing the utilization of simple tools like otoscope and… more in that case we need to train the patient like the astronauts are trained on ground before flying, this has a huge positive effect in allowing easier diagnostic and then better treatment for example when good pictures are provided. The new tools as Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Virtual Reality (VR), on trial if needed for long-duration missions and specifically for missions beyond low Earth orbit, should be beneficial as well on Earth. Maybe the big challenge for Earth’s Telemedicine is increasing the trust in practitioners who are still convinced that this way of providing medicine could be a competitor, and for that reason, they are reluctant to use it. Nowadays, it should become more and more obvious that we need to work on some specific weak points, like security, training in using tools to make sure telemedicine is efficient and useful, where we have a lack of physicians.

Vildagliptin is an orally active, potent, and selective Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, shown to be effective and well tolerated in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) as either monotherapy or in combination with other anti-diabetic agents. Vildagliptin is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, typically in conjunction with diet and exercise. Vildagliptin is usually administered orally, with a common dosing regimen of 50 mg twice daily. It can be taken with or without food; however, it is important to take it consistently at the same time each day for optimal effectiveness.This study focuses on the most recent advancements in analytical methods for determining the presence of Vildagliptin in different biological media, such as human plasma and urine, as well as in bulk and commercial dose forms. The following analytical techniques will be fully investigated in this paper: High-pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), High Efficiency Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometry system (LC-MS), and electrophoresis. These techniques include several parameters, such as the following: matrix, dynamic phase composition, permanent phase RF value for sensing frequency, retention duration, DL, carrier gas, flow rate, capillary wavelength, separation voltage, temperature, and pressure.

Digital regression models based on an interactive questionnaire and objectively measured results were used for the investigation of new objective methods of remote monitoring of respiratory patients. 43 patients with COPD and 26 with bronchial asthma were examined in a retrospective-prospective observation study before and after exacerbation in the hospital (the first observation). After that, theywere monitored by a digital system with an interactive questionnaire including results of Smart Watch use and a velometric test at home for at least 6 months. The effectiveness of remote patient monitoring was achieved by changes in the treatment program and rehabilitation. An integrative scale for patient monitoring effectiveness evaluation was used for a comparison study before and after remote monitoring wasstarted (historical control). The results of correlation, regression analysis, and OR calculation showed that new monitoring parameters: velometric test distance, daily steps count, night sleep duration, and the number of night awake ups were dependent on the dyspnea score and FEV1. The system of remote patient monitoring based on a digital model decreased the number of calls for emergency medical care, hospitalizations, and increased the effectiveness score of patient monitoring.

Biofungicides are prepared based on living micro/organisms or on matters prepared from them. They are based on the antagonism of fungal pathogens and their antagonists. Their effect depends on weather conditions (temperature and moisture) in comparison with chemical fungicides which are effective in all conditions but they let the residues in plants, animals, and men. The future of agriculture will be pure food without chemicals.

Introduction: The annual rhythm of menarche was proposed to be due to climatic annual variations. The discovery that peaks of incidence of menarche were found in the same months in the North and the South Hemispheres made us to think this hypothesis was not correct. Then we proposed that periods of study (stress) and vacation (relaxation, fiesta) were better factors for this rhythm. If this is so, days of fiesta should present more menarches than current days. In the second hypothesis the age at menarche should be modified by the vacation-study rhythm. Thus, I tested two hypotheses: I) This rhythm and the age at menarche are conditioned by climate factors mostly seasonal variations. II) the contrast between expectancy of fiesta (relaxation) and stress is the main factor of the rhythm and the variation on the age at menarche during the year.Method: The monthly incidence and age at menarche were obtained from samples of girls in Santiago (Chile), Medellín (Colombia), Debrecen (Hungary), Chennai (India) with data collected directly in these countries. A sample from Barrinhas (Riberao Preto, Brazil) was taken from literature. The climatic hypothesis was tested knowing the main climatic parameters by the latitude of these cities. The annual study-vacation rhythm was obtained from the academic calendar at any city and from direct information of our colleagues working in these cities. A correlate between the climatic rhythm and the study-vacation rhythm with the incidence or age at menarche complete the refutation or affirmation of the hypotheses. Also, the expected peaks of menarche at significance fiesta-days or the birthday were studied directly form the calendar of holidays or the cultural information given by our colleagues. Results: In the five samples taken individually or together there were clear contradictions with the climatic hypothesis. On the contrary the fiesta-stress hypothesis shows a clear correlation with the monthly incidence and the age at menarche. Days of national, religious fiesta or the birthday showed greatly significant peaks of menarche. Conclusion: Data refute the climatic hypothesis of the annual rhythm of menarche and agree with the fiesta (vacation)-stress (study) hypothesis.

Introduction: Sophisticated technological advancements for the identification of people are readily available in developed countries.  Meanwhile, relatively less expensive algorithms in physical anthropometry could be employed for such identification purposes. Although such evaluations have been done in some countries, due to interpopulation variations, such relations should be ethnic-and sex-specific.  Aim: Therefore, the present study sought to assess the relationship between the long bones of the upper and lower limbs among two ethnic groups in Ghana for stature estimation. Methodology: Using a purposive non-random sampling technique, participants made up of 140 Asantes and 102 Ewes aged 20 to 25 years were recruited after an ethical approval was obtained from the Committee on Human Research, Publication and Ethics, KNUST.  Results: For the same sex, there was no statistically significant difference between Asantes and Ewes concerning height. The most useful parameters for stature estimation among the Asante males were left fibular and tibial lengths, with those of the females being left ulnar, fibular, and radial lengths.  However, for the Ewe males, the most significant parameters for height estimation were right fibular and humeral lengths, whereas for the Ewe females, being right tibial and humeral lengths.  Conclusion: Findings of the study are useful for the identification of humans with dismembered body parts involved in various disasters, such as automobile accidents.  The database and formulae derived would be useful for stature estimation needed in biological profiling and other assessments of bedridden patients.

The present study was aimed to screen and quantify the phytochemicals by qualitative and quantitative analysis in methanol and aqueous leaf and stem extracts of Marsilea quadrifolia(L.). In qualitative analysis, the phytochemical compounds such as tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, anthroquinones, phenolic compounds and phytosterol were screened. Among these phytocompounds tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins and phenolic compounds were observed in methanol and aqueous leaf and stem extracts of M. quadrifolia. Anthroquinones were absent in both leaf and stem extracts of M. quadrifolia. The content of phenolic compounds 8.34±0.92 mg/g and 7.31±0.46 mg/g, flavonoids 7.46±0.64 mg/g and 6.45±0.68 mg/g, alkaloids 6.12±0.51 mg/g and 5.89±0.61 mg/g, tannins 6.58±0.72 mg/g and 6.07±0.56 mg/g and saponins 5.32±0.48 mg/g and 6.30±0.58 mg/g were determined in leaf and stem of M. quadrifolia, respectively. So, the present study confirmed that the presence of phytocompounds in leaf and stem of M. quadrifolia.